西北涡作用下陕西一次强降水过程成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、云顶亮温资料等对2019年8月2—4日西北涡作用下发生在陕西的一次强降水过程进行分析,结果表明:强降水发生在高原槽东移加深,副高西伸北抬的大尺度环流背景下,700 hPa西北涡是强降水产生的主要影响系统;台风"韦帕"与副高外围的暖湿气流为西北涡迅速增强提供了水汽、能量、动力条件,低层辐合、高层辐散进一步加强了西北涡发展;西南急流为强降水提供了水汽输送和不稳定能量,陕西处于θ_(se)高能区,大气上冷下暖存在位势不稳定层结;地面辐合线触发对流,陕南出现分散的对流性强降水,西北涡东移北上,低涡切变引发陕北系统性强降水;深厚的湿层、较厚的暖云有利于短时强降水出现;低涡降水云系中有对流单体生成发展,短时强降水出现在云顶亮温等温线密集处。     

陕西中西部一次区域性暴雨天气诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2E卫星资料等,对2013年7月21—22日发生在陕西中西部地区一次区域性暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:副热带高压、长波槽的稳定维持为此次区域性暴雨的形成提供了大尺度环流背景;低涡切变、低空急流是暴雨产生的主要影响系统;低层辐合、对流层顶强烈辐散是形成暴雨的主要动力因子;FY-2E卫星TBB逐时演变与强降水有很好的对应关系,造成强降水的对流云团具有明显的中尺度特征。     

淮河上游短时强降水天气学分型与物理诊断量阈值初探

利用常规高空、地面气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2001—2010年淮河上游短时强降水过程进行中尺度天气分析和物理量场诊断。然后,根据该区域短时强降水的环流形势和主要影响系统,将短时强降水过程分为副高边缘型、低槽型和台风倒槽型,其中副高边缘型又分为副高和低槽共同影响型、副高控制型和下滑槽副高型,归纳各类短时强降水天气系统配置模型,并提炼出表征短时强降水天气的物理量阈值。结果表明,淮河上游77.8%的短时强降水与西太平洋副热带高压有关,中低层多有急流、切变线和低涡,地面影响系统多为倒槽、辐合线和弱冷锋。短时强降水发生在低层辐合、高层辐散、低层正涡度以及中层上升运动的动力条件下;中低层有较强暖湿空气输送,湿区深厚,强降水发生在假相当位温(θse)大值区顶部;0℃层高度较高,中层风切变小,低层风切变较大,有利于短时强降水发生。     

鄂东一次大暴雨过程的成因分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、卫星云图TBB资料和逐小时地面降水资料对2012年7月12~13日发生在湖北东部地区一次大暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明:(1)在华北横槽转竖带动冷空气南下的过程中,中低层有中尺度低涡的发生发展,中尺度低涡的稳定维持与副高外围西南暖湿气流共同作用,导致了这次强降雨的发生。(2)鄂东强降水主要由两个中尺度暴雨云团影响,前一个暴雨云团为MCC,受副高外围西南气流向偏东方向移动,后一个暴雨云团受冷空气影响向东南方向移动。(3)低层露点锋与本次强降水天气过程的发生发展有较好的对应,锋区北侧偏北气流穿越露点锋,使得低层气旋式涡度增大、辐合加强。(4)本次过程干湿空气的相互作用形成能量锋区,锋区的维持和加强导致了强降水的发生。      

商洛一次局地暴雨诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY2E卫星资料、商洛多普勒雷达资料,从环流背景、水汽、动力条件和不稳定机制等方面对2014年7月28日发生在商洛局地性较强的一次短时暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:这次短时暴雨过程天气的影响系统主要为短波槽、副热带高压与热低压。低层850hPa副高西侧暖湿气流北上为暴雨发生发展提供了有利的水汽条件。对流层中高层涡旋运动增强带动低层上升运动发展加强,为对流天气的进一步发展提供了动力条件。短波槽后西北干冷气流与低层偏南暖湿气流形成不稳定层结,加之中低层对流不稳定层结加强,CAPE值及低层湿度显著增大,抬升凝结高度与自由对流高度降低,因此在较低的抬升条件下,触发了此次对流性天气。卫星云图和雷达图上表现为中尺度系统,生命期短,发生发展速度快。强降水主要发生在对流云团强中心西北侧TBB梯度大值区。     

陕西盛夏一次强雷暴天气成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、云顶亮温资料等对2019年8月2—4日西北涡作用下发生在陕西的一次强降水过程进行分析,结果表明：强降水发生在高原槽东移加深,副高西伸北抬的大尺度环流背景下,700 hPa西北涡是强降水产生的主要影响系统;台风“韦帕”与副高外围的暖湿气流为西北涡迅速增强提供了水汽、能量、动力条件,低层辐合、高层辐散进一步加强了西北涡发展;西南急流为强降水提供了水汽输送和不稳定能量,陕西处于θse高能区,大气上冷下暖存在位势不稳定层结;地面辐合线触发对流,陕南出现分散的对流性强降水,西北涡东移北上,低涡切变引发陕北系统性强降水;深厚的湿层、较厚的暖云有利于短时强降水出现;低涡降水云系中有对流单体生成发展,短时强降水出现在云顶亮温等温线密集处。     

2019年5月湖北大暴雨过程分析

利用NCEP提供的逐6h高分辨率GDAS/FNL0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、FY-2F卫星TBB资料和地面气象观测站雨量资料,对2019年5月25日湖北低涡暴雨进行了分析.结果表明,大暴雨发生在湖北东南部,由两个强降水时段造成,前一时段是暖区中伴有西南急流的分散性强降水,后一个时段影响系统是高空低槽、低涡,上下层...     

吉林省一次区域性暴雨天气过程的TBB图像特征分析

采用FY-2C静止卫星红外云图反演的逐时TBB资料、地面逐时降水资料、欧洲中心和北京T213物理量诊断分析资料,利用天气学分析方法研究了2005年8月12～14日吉林省一场区域性暴雨天气过程的TBB图像特征,揭示了副高后部切变线上中-α尺度雨团在TBB场上发生发展移动消亡的规律,对降水过程中的卫星TBB图像特征及其与各种天气系统、物理量场和降水强度之间的关系进行了重点分析。分析结果表明:此次暴雨过程发生于偏北的副高后部,副高区与TBB>0℃区域相对应。TBB低值强云团随云带沿低空急流方向移动,且与水汽及能量输送带密切关联,强降水是呈椭圆型的中尺度对流云团中的准圆形中-α尺度云团造成。TBB低值云团面积越大、数值越低时,1h降水量≥10mm站数出现的越多,TBB≤-50℃所覆盖范围与大到暴雨落区基本一致,最大1 h降水量的雨强落后于云团TBB最低值1～3h。     

柴达木盆地区域性中到大雨个例分析

应用平均场资料,对2005年7月7~10日柴达木盆地东部出现的区域性中到大雨天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次区域性中到大雨过程的发生与巴尔喀什湖低槽不断分裂的小槽、柴达木盆地对流层中低层的低涡(切变)和副高外围强盛发展的西南暖湿气流的共同作用密切相关。对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散和高湿度区的维持,以及强散度柱、强涡度柱耦合和高低空急流的稳定维持是产生这次区域性中到大雨天气过程的主要原因。     

青藏高原东部“7.29”区域性强降水天气特征分析

利用micaips系统常规资料、物理量产品、卫星云图、区域自动站实测资料,对2012年7月29-30日发生在青藏高原东部的区域性强降水天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)强降水是在冷空气与西南暖湿气流交汇的过程中产生的,500hPa副高外围槽前西南暖湿气流与西移冷空气交绥是造成此次区域性强降水天气原因。(2)南亚高压和西太副高位置变化对此次强降水有重要影响。(3)此次降水过程前期有稳定的水汽输送和较强的水汽辐合;大气不稳定有利于强对流云团发展。(4)中尺度对流系统(MCSs)是造成这次区域性强降水,局地暴雨的直接原因。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.