冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山分类与成藏模式

冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷发育于太古宙变质岩结晶基底上,其经历了中晚元古代裂陷槽阶段、古生代克拉通盆地阶段、中生代构造转换调整阶段和新生代断陷型盆地等4个阶段,为一典型地台-断陷-坳陷多层结构的复合盆地。盆地历经多次构造运动改造,潜山较发育,类型多样。在总结前人对潜山研究的基础上,结合束鹿凹陷三维连片地震资料,对该地区潜山类型进行系统划分,并对典型潜山的构造特征及生储盖匹配关系进行了描述。研究区潜山根据成因可划分为剥蚀型潜山和拉张型潜山两大类,根据形态可划分为剥蚀残丘型潜山、不整合潜山、断阶型潜山、断槽冲蚀沟型潜山、断垒型潜山和断块型潜山等类型。束鹿凹陷潜山的发育具有分带性,按潜山的构造位置,分为凸起潜山带、缓坡潜山带、洼槽潜山带和陡坡潜山带,不同构造带发育不同类型的潜山。研究结果表明束鹿凹陷中新元古界、古生界潜山数量众多,规模较大,是束鹿凹陷实现油气突破的一种重要油气藏类型。     

鄂尔多斯盆地元古界长城系沉积特征及天然气成藏潜力

长城系是鄂尔多斯盆地太古界—古元古界统一的结晶基底形成后所发育的最早期的沉积盖层,主要形成于区域拉张的裂陷构造背景下,在盆地内部发育多个东北向延伸的次级裂陷槽,并伴随有同构造期的基性岩浆活动。综合分析认为,长城系主要发育海相陆源碎屑建造,而在充填深海、半深海—海湾沉积的裂陷槽区,可能发育有效的海相烃源层;长城系沉积后,盆地大部分地区处于长达9～10亿年的抬升剥蚀环境,利于在其顶部形成大面积分布的风化壳储层;对长城系埋藏史分析表明其具有跨越大构造期而晚期成藏的热演化史,并未发生区域变质而遭破坏,在盆地本部地区具有有利的成藏构造保存条件;深层长城系是下一步天然气勘探值得期待的潜在层系,而勘探的关键是针对盆地本部的次级裂陷槽部署探井以确证长城系烃源岩的有效性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地元古界长城系沉积特征及天然气成藏潜力

长城系是鄂尔多斯盆地太古界—古元古界统一的结晶基底形成后所发育的最早期的沉积盖层,主要形成于区域拉张的裂陷构造背景下,在盆地内部发育多个东北向延伸的次级裂陷槽,并伴随有同构造期的基性岩浆活动。综合分析认为,长城系主要发育海相陆源碎屑建造,而在充填深海、半深海—海湾沉积的裂陷槽区,可能发育有效的海相烃源层;长城系沉积后,盆地大部分地区处于长达9～10亿年的抬升剥蚀环境,利于在其顶部形成大面积分布的风化壳储层;对长城系埋藏史分析表明其具有跨越大构造期而晚期成藏的热演化史,并未发生区域变质而遭破坏,在盆地本部地区具有有利的成藏构造保存条件;深层长城系是下一步天然气勘探值得期待的潜在层系,而勘探的关键是针对盆地本部的次级裂陷槽部署探井以确证长城系烃源岩的有效性。     

济阳坳陷北部断陷湖盆陆源碎屑滩坝成因类型、分布规律与成藏特征

湖相滩坝砂体作为油气重要储集体类型之一,在中国东部渤海湾盆地古近系断陷湖盆中广泛发育, 其形成发育与盆地特定的演化阶段和构造-地貌背景密切相关。文章以济阳坳陷北部为例,根据盆地结构与地 貌背景将断陷湖盆滩坝分为开阔湖盆缓坡型滩坝、水下潜山台地型滩坝和潜山凸起周缘型滩坝３种成因模式。 不同构造-地貌背景下的滩坝砂体沉积特征与分布规律不同,由此导致隐蔽圈闭类型与成藏特征、成藏潜力与 有利勘探区带的差异性。开阔湖盆缓坡型滩坝规模相对较大,物性较好,主要隐蔽圈闭类型为地层超覆圈闭和 岩性圈闭,成藏潜力大;水下潜山台地型滩坝发育不整合遮挡圈闭、地层超覆圈闭和岩性圈闭;潜山凸起周缘 型滩坝可以形成陆源碎屑与碳酸盐碎屑滩坝２种成因类型,主要隐蔽圈闭类型为地层超覆圈闭和岩性圈闭,成 藏潜力相对较小。     

四川盆地8000 m海相超深层天然气成藏条件及有利勘探区带

超深层(埋深>6000 m)是全球油气勘探的重大领域。当前,四川盆地天然气勘探已经突破8000 m超深层,但是盆地内8000 m超深层领域是否具备规模油气成藏条件、有利勘探区带分布在哪里等重大问题亟待破解。基于烃源岩、有利相带、储集层、圈闭类型、成藏组合等研究,对四川盆地8000 m超深层领域成藏条件与有利勘探区带进行了梳理和评价,得出以下认识：(1)四川盆地超深层领域主要发育于震旦系—中二叠统,且主要分布在环川中隆起带的川西坳陷、川北坳陷、川东褶皱带的深凹地区,其中川西北地区最具勘探潜力;(2)超深层烃源岩明显受凹陷或台内裂陷控制,主要发育陡山沱组、灯影组三段、麦地坪组和筇竹寺组等四套烃源岩,为8000 m超深层油气勘探提供了雄厚的物质基础;(3)震旦系—古生界主体发育(丘)滩孔隙型、岩溶孔洞型和白云岩孔隙型三类基本储层类型,三者相互叠加兼具裂缝改造形成多套规模储层,为超深层油气勘探提供了有利储集条件;(4)多套烃源岩和储层以走滑或逆冲断层相互沟通,主要发育下生上储、旁生侧储两种成藏组合,立体成藏特征明显;(5)岩性圈闭是震旦系—二叠系超深层气藏的主要圈闭类型,大型斜坡背景上发...     

川西坳陷东坡沙溪庙组气藏成藏演化模式

川西坳陷东坡气藏主力产层为沙溪庙组,其圈闭类型以构造-岩性圈闭为主,多为致密砂岩储层,但断层发育,有效改善了储层物性,断砂匹配样式与构造演化对油气成藏过程有重要影响。基于前人已有的认识,通过沙溪庙组气藏成藏动力演化、气水分布特征及生烃期次分析,结合构造演化、成藏幕次等研究,认为沙溪庙组天然气成藏受构造古隆起、断砂配置、储层物性、构造演化影响,形成了“构造控向、断砂控运、储层控藏、演化控调”的成藏演化模式,同中存异,高庙子地区古构造的控制作用更为明显,而中江地区岩性控制作用占主导。沙溪庙组气藏间歇性充注具“燕山期三幕成藏,喜山期调整改造”的成藏特征,多期构造演化和较强的储层非均质性影响了含气饱和度,导致沙溪庙组气藏分布、气藏产能差异大。     

松辽盆地南部白垩系天然气成藏条件

应用地震、地质、地化、测井资料对松辽盆地南部进行成藏条件分析。气藏分为:下部断陷地层煤型气气藏、上部坳陷地层伴生油型气气藏、浅层生物气藏。断陷地层气藏可以分为两种类型:原生气藏与次生气藏。原生气藏分布在断陷地层内及上覆坳陷地层的底部(泉一段下部),油气成藏取决于圈闭发育状况及距源岩的远近;油气藏的保存条件取决于后期构造运动的改造程度,气层具有连片分布的特征;次生油气藏分布在坳陷地层的泉头组中上部,油气成藏取决于三个条件:圈闭发育状况,深部气源,沟通浅部圈闭与深部气源的断裂。松辽盆地南部的油型伴生气以溶解气为主,只在中央坳陷边缘部位存在气顶气藏和气藏,资源量有限。松辽盆地南部青山口组及嫩江组的成熟源岩分布有限,其丰富的生物气资源亦应作为以后的天然气勘探目标。     

二连盆地马尼特坳陷西部幕式裂陷作用对铀成矿的影响

二连盆地包括马尼特坳陷早白垩世具有幕式裂陷特点。裂陷幕不同阶段控制铀储层的垂向分布并且控制砂岩型铀矿的垂向分布。在马尼特坳陷西部,有利的储矿层位、有利的铀储层的成因类型和砂岩型铀矿的形成过程都与盆地的幕式演化密切相关。赛汉组为断拗转换期,为最有利的铀储层发育层位;裂陷幕的末期通常伴随弱构造反转,多幕弱构造反转形成的构造斜坡控制古水文地质系统并控矿;不同裂陷幕阶段之间的不整合面和剥蚀作用是氧化带和砂岩型铀矿发育的有利时期;幕式裂陷决定了石油-天然气、煤和砂岩型铀矿的时空配置。根据二连盆地幕式裂陷不同阶段的构造、沉积特征可以明确重点勘探层位、找矿类型和有利找矿部位。     

冀中坳陷深县凹陷构造沉积格局与圈闭类型响应关系

深县凹陷位于冀中坳陷中部,其构造复杂,沉积类型多样,而多年来人们对凹陷内的油气圈闭(尤其是岩性地层圈闭)类型与分布规律缺乏统一认识,不利于在这类复杂断陷盆地内开展精细油气勘探。深县凹陷可划分为5个构造区带,各构造区带具有不同的沉积格局,这是各区带内油气圈闭类型存在差异的关键因素。总结出该凹陷主要发育构造圈闭、岩性圈闭、地层圈闭及潜山圈闭等4大类8亚类圈闭类型,这些圈闭类型与本区的构造沉积格局存在响应关系。其中,构造圈闭发育范围较广,主要集中在二级构造凸起带上,以深南背斜和榆科背斜为主,断块和断鼻圈闭构成了主要的圈闭类型;潜山圈闭主要发育在北部缓坡带中的深泽—刘村低凸起与何庄—深西潜山带;而岩性圈闭与地层圈闭主要发育在两个潜山带的侧翼以及南部的白宋庄洼槽带和深南背斜的两翼,这与砂砾岩透镜体、上倾尖灭砂体的分布及构造背景有关。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气藏类型辨析

针对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气藏是否为深盆气藏的问题,从成藏条件、成藏期次和气水分布特征等方面与典型的加拿大阿尔伯达深盆气藏进行综合对比。研究结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气藏烃源岩分布广泛、生气中心不明显、生气速率较低、持续供气条件较差且供气分散,难以形成满足深盆气藏气驱水的动力;储层物性差、非均质性强、展布方向与构造走向一致且上倾方向为物性较差的致密层,不具备深盆气藏储层向上倾方向物性变好的条件;源储配置样式为"自生自储"式和"垂向叠置"式,由于砂体规模小、分布不连续,源储接触局限,不具备深盆气藏源储大面积接触的特征;天然气发生3期成藏,在盆地埋藏期与抬升期均可成藏,成藏时间较早,后期气藏调整改造强烈,不具备深盆气藏的保存条件。气水分布主要受储层物性和区域构造控制,分布复杂、分异不明显,没有气驱水形成的"气水倒置"界面。成藏特征综合对比分析表明鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气藏并非深盆气藏,应为主要由储层物性控制的岩性气藏,该区油气勘探应以优质储层研究为重点。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861