冷泉系统研究国际发展态势分析

以Web of Science信息平台的SCIE数据库为数据源,利用文献计量方法,分析国际冷泉系统研究的年度变化、期刊分布、主要研究国家、机构的影响力及合作情况以及国际研究热点领域。研究结果发现:国际冷泉系统研究论文产量一直呈增长趋势;美国论文产出数量最多、合作中心性最强。德国亥姆霍兹国家研究中心联合会发文最多。中国近三年发文比例和第一国家发文比例均排名第一,其中发文最多的机构为中国科学院。微生物甲烷厌氧氧化、冷泉区生物多样性以及冷泉碳酸盐岩的矿物学和地球化学是研究热点。     

海岸带遥感研究现状及发展趋势分析

系统地探明海岸带遥感的研究现状和发展趋势,对于应对海岸带地区面临的生态系统功能下降、自然岸线损失、水质恶化等问题具有至关重要的意义。为了充分明晰海岸带遥感研究现状及发展趋势,本文以“海岸带遥感”为主题,基于Web of Science数据库,筛选出1990—2019年发表的相关文献共6 083篇;从论文发表基本情况、科研合作和研究内容聚焦及主题演变方面进行了较为系统的文献计量评价和知识图谱分析。在文献发表基本情况方面,1990—2019年间海岸带遥感发文量呈现较为稳定的上升趋势;区域性特征明显,主要集中于各大洲沿海地区,发达国家在该领域的研究中占据主流地位;Remote Sensing of Environment是该领域刊文量最高的期刊,且具有最高的影响因子;美国、中国科学院和Hu C M分别为发文量最高的国家、机构和作者;根据H指数的分析结果,相关科研成果的学术影响力仍有待进一步提升。在科研合作方面,美、英等发达国家之间形成了较为紧密的合作网络;虽然中国科学院是发文量最大的科研机构,但是中介中心性仅为0.09,低于美国国家航空航天局(0.16)和美国国家海洋与大气管理局(0.12)...     

文献计量分析南海及其U形海疆线的遥感研究热点

为综合评估遥感技术在南海、尤其在南海U形海疆国界线(简称南海U形海疆线)研究中的应用情况, 本文以中国知识基础设施工程(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集 (Web of Science Core Collection, WOSCC)分别作为中文与外文期刊论文数据库来源, 筛选出截至2019年已发表的相关主题的中外期刊文献, 进行文献计量分析。按照关键词筛选的三类论文为: 南海自然科学研究(中文10150篇, 外文10130篇), 南海遥感研究(中文560篇, 外文1296篇)与南海U形海疆线相关研究(中文303篇, 外文33篇)。文献计量分析表明: 南海自然科学研究总发文量最大的国家为中国(18253篇), 总发文量排名前列的研究机构(如排名第一的中国科学院南海海洋研究所)与期刊(如排名第一的《热带海洋学报》)也主要来自中国; 年发文量变化趋势显示, 南海自然科学研究呈现四个阶段(缓慢起步、缓慢增长、快速增长和回降), 南海遥感研究有两个阶段(缓慢起步与快速增长), 南海U形海疆线研究中文论文呈现三个阶段(缓慢起步、快速增长与回降); 热点研究显示, 南海自然科学研究围绕季风、天然气水合物与台风开展, 南海遥感研究关注海表温度、叶绿素与台风, 南海U形海疆线研究关注南海争端和地质特征。遥感数据于1974年开始被用于南海台风研究, 2019年被用于南海U形海疆线的生态环境研究。发展海洋遥感技术, 深化南海台风“风泵”生态效应与灾害研究, 拓展南海U形海疆线走廊立体的综合科学研究和增强南海的自然科学与社会科学的交叉研究, 意义重大。     

1998~2017年国际北极地区海洋科学研究文献计量与发展态势

北极拥有其独特的地理位置和战略价值,同时也是全球变暖最关键的敏感区,世界各国针对北极地区制定了一系列政策计划,并开展了多年的北极海洋科学研究。基于Web of Science数据库收录的1998~2017年SCIE文章,采用文献计量与引文分析的方法与工具,分析了13784篇北极海洋科学研究的整体态势与热点前沿,结果表明：①全球北极海洋科学研究呈现出加快增长趋势,近5年的发文已经翻了一番,年均发文在689篇以上; ②环北极八国是该领域研究的主要力量,美国遥遥领先其他国家,挪威、丹麦研究基底深厚但近年发展稍缓,英国、德国是主要的非北极研究国,瑞典、法国的论文质量均衡,中国、波兰、格陵兰和荷兰则是该领域的后起之秀; ③俄罗斯科学院在本领域发文最多但文章质量良莠不齐,德国极地与海洋研究所、丹麦&格陵兰地质调查机构与挪威海洋研究所的第一作者与通讯作者研究占比高,哥本哈根大学、德国极地与海洋研究所、华盛顿大学在该领域科研影响力较大; ④全球海洋科学研究主要涉及地质学、海洋学、环境生态学、自然地理学、地球化学与地球物理学以及气象学与大气科学等领域,研究热点包括北极气候变化与极端天气、冰川消融与海平面上升、北极生态系统特征结构、北极海洋酸化与污染防治等方面。随着“一带一路”、“冰上丝绸之路”和《中国的北极政策》白皮书的发布,建议我国针对本国情况制定综合性北极科研计划,并注重科研机构间跨部门、跨领域的研究合作,加强与环北极国家和“一带一路”国家的合作,加大科研投入并开展国际规模的科学考察活动。     

基于万方数据库的1990-2020年我国海洋保护地研究动态科学计量分析

海洋保护地是海洋生态环境保护与管理的重要手段,了解和掌握我国海洋保护地的研究动态有助于更合理地规划未来发展。文章率先利用万方数据库1990—2020年关于海洋保护地的中文文献,采用文献计量法分析文献数量、研究热点、主要期刊、科研机构和学位论文等情况。研究结果表明:我国海洋保护地文献数量持续增长,《海洋开发与管理》是发文量最多的期刊,中国海洋大学培养硕博士和发表论文的数量均为最多;海洋保护地研究高频词随文献数量的增多而逐渐丰富,且紧跟国家政策步伐和国际研究动态;目前我国海洋保护地研究存在研究热度远低于国际同期水平、保护地科学选划论证方法研究不足以及专业人才储备偏低等问题。     

基于GoPubMed的葛根与骨质疏松症研究文献计量分析

目的：分析葛根与骨质疏松症联系的研究现状,观察该领域热点、主要研究方向等。方法：通过GoPubMed查找搜集文献资料,同时基于Statistics展开计量分析。结果：收集相关文献17篇,得出排名靠前的研究关键词、核心作者及合作群、核心期刊、发表论文国家及研究地域分布等。结论：该方面成果产出总体较少,研究尚处于起步阶段;近年可能存在突破性发现,研究热度呈上升趋势;与其他国家相比,目前国内研究存在微弱优势,国内外科研团队合作有待加强。     

海平面上升研究进展的文献分析

采用文献分析法对ISI Web of Science (institute for scientific information, ISI)核心合集数据库中关于海平面上升文献综合探究,得出结论:(1)海平面上升的发文量从1993—2016年整体呈上升趋势,尤其在2010年后产量大增。(2)发表越久的文献被引次数越高。文献作者数量逐年增多,引用参考文献数量也逐年增加,文献之间联系越来越紧密。(3)美国主导海平面上升研究。对于发文量较多的国家,该国独立发文量和其与他国合作文献量基本持平;对于发文量较少的国家,大部分文献为与他国合作完成。(4)不同机构之间合作是为常态,机构间合作明显多于国家间的合作。(5)关于海平面上升文献发文量最高的期刊刊登文献数占本研究总文献的近6%;期刊研究领域所属学科种类均与geology和environmental sciencesecology以及physical geography等相关。(6)通过关键词研究发现,除气候变化外,盐沼、风暴潮等是近期海平面上升的研究主流。希望通过对目前已出版文献的梳理为后续的研究提供指引及借鉴的依据,并通过对文献分析法的运用,能够使研究者更有针对性地将该方法运用到相关学术领域。     

基于文献计量的中美红树林与气候变化耦合关系研究现状与热点对比分析

红树林与气候变化耦合关系研究既是气候变化领域的研究热点,同时也是红树林领域的研究热点。本研究采用文献计量分析方法对中美红树林与气候变化耦合关系的研究现状和热点进行对比分析,探讨两国在该领域研究特征的异同。研究结果表明：(1)美国作为文献发表数量最高的国家,同样具有最强的学术影响力;中国拥有世界排名第三的发文数量,但在学术影响力方面与美国存在一定的差距。中美两国在该领域的发文量均呈现持续增长的趋势。(2)中美在该领域保持着较强的合作关系,且各自形成了较为广泛的国际合作网络。(3)中美两国的科学家均对气候变化背景下红树林生态系统的脆弱性以及红树林作为基于自然的解决方案在应对气候变化方面起到的作用等问题表现出浓厚的兴趣。但是,由于起步较晚,中国在红树林与气候变化领域相关研究的广度和深度较美国还存在一定的差距,需要进一步扩大国际合作,加强科研产出,提升学术影响力。本研究的相关成果将为我国红树林与气候变化领域的科研工作开展、政策制定及管理实践等提供信息参考。     

我国肉芽肿性乳腺炎研究现状的文献计量分析

目的：系统分析我国肉芽肿性乳腺炎（IGM）的研究动态和发展趋势,为进一步开展IGM的相关研究提供参考。方法：以“肉芽肿性乳腺炎”“肉芽肿性小叶乳腺炎”和“特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎”为主题词,研究对象以人为主题,在万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、中国知网（CNKI）中检索从建库至2019年6月发表于国内期刊上的IGM相关文献,采用医学文献王和Excel 2017数据管理软件进行计量分析,包括发文量、载文量、文献类型、作者机构、文献作者及文献高频关键词。结果：共检出相关文献680篇,发文量居前3位的文献时间依次为2018年、2017年、2016年;载文量居前3位的期刊分别是中华乳腺病杂志（电子版）、中国医药指南、湖南中医杂志及临床超声医学杂志;文献类型主要为3类：期刊论文、学位论文、会议论文;发文量居前3位的研究机构分别是山东中医药大学、广东省中医院、山东中医药大学附属医院;发文量居前3位的作者为司徒红林、宋爱莉、赵海军;发表论文的关键词中,排名居前3位的分别是诊断、治疗和乳腺癌。结论：IGM发文量整体呈上升趋势,但是总体发文量较少且主要内容集中在诊断、鉴别诊断与治疗上,缺乏大规模、多中心的临床随机对照试验和循证医学实践,应加大研究力度,提升整体研究质量。     

南大洋海洋成员新发现

<正>科学家最近在南大洋海域又发现了大量的海洋生物物种。南大洋被认为是最易受到气候变化影响的区域之一。这群生物的数量在南大洋非常丰富,尤其是在深水。南大洋又称南冰洋,是分布在地球最南部、南极周围     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.