小浪底水库区震源机制解特征

利用小浪底水库台网8个台站的地震波形数据,采用垂直向P波、S波最大振幅比和初动方法测定2009年1月—2012年12月水库区域45次小地震的震源机制。结果表明:该区域45次震源机制中正断层13次、逆断层15次,走滑断层17次;主压应力轴(P轴)总体为NEE方向(220°～230°),与华北地区近水平构造应力场不完全一致,显示了小浪底水库区域受华北构造应力场的控制作用较弱,应该与水库区域地下介质构造复杂和水库蓄水有关。     

西宁盆地周围区域中小地震震源机制解的计算及其构造意义

采用震中距范围约200 km内的P波初动资料,确定了西宁盆地及邻近区域2008~2011年发生的62个M_L2.3~5级的中小地震的震源机制,并统计了与震源机制解对应的主应力轴的方向性等参数.结果显示,地震性质主要显示为逆断层和走滑断层,小震的震源机制解虽然具有一定的随机性.北部区域应力场计算结果表明P轴方位角可确定范围为47°~52°,仰角为4°~5.5°,T轴方位角可确定范围为142°~148°,仰角为43°~45°;南部区域应力场计算结果表明P轴方位角可确定范围为155°~255°,仰角为1°左右,T轴方位角可确定范围为0°,仰角为89°~90°.综合数据结果显示,北部区域地震的性质以逆走滑为主,南部区域较为复杂,但显示出地震性质仍以逆断层性质为主.从区域应力场统计特征来看,看似无规律的小震震源机制卖质上主要受北东—西南向压缩应力及北西西—东南东方向上的拉张应力所控制.分析表明,在区域应力场的构造背景下,地震(尤其是小地震)的震源机制解可能存在多样性,但大量样本反映的主应力轴仍然与该区域内的构造背景一致.这一现象可为相关工作,如小区域震源机制解和余震震源机制解的统计等方面研究,提供必要的借鉴和参考.     

晋冀蒙交界地区应力场时间演化特征

正利用区域地震台网的垂直向Pg、Sg最大振幅比资料与Pg初动测定晋冀蒙交界地区ML≥2.0的震源机制解,得到2007年1—12月晋冀蒙交界地区的震源机制解共382个。由震源机制的P、T、B 3个应力轴的倾俯角的最大值,判断震源机制破裂类型的归属,将震源机制类型分为正断层、逆断层、走滑断层、过渡型等4种破裂类型。统计结果显示:正断层型地震159次,占41.6%;走滑断层型地震171次,占44.8%;逆断层型地震30次,占7.8%,过渡型地震22次,占     

河北及邻区震源机制与构造应力场

采用CAP方法反演2008年1月至2013年11月河北及邻区M_L3.5以上地震的震源机制,结果显示:震源错动类型以走滑断层类型为主,兼有一定数量的正断层;构造应力场最大主压应力轴方向NEE,与之前的研究结果一致,但呈现出暂时的正断层兼走滑的应力状态,具有继承性和差异性特征,推测可能与中等地震易受局部构造活动影响以及巨大地震改变了区域构造应力作用方式有关。     

紫坪铺水库区小地震震源机制研究

用紫坪铺水库专用台网的地震记录测定紫坪铺水库区262次小震震源机制参数,结果表明:节面I的优势方向与断裂走向展布一致性很好;库区地震断层有逆断层、正断层、左旋和右旋走滑断层,走滑断层占45%;库区断层66%陡峻,35%几近直立;受水库蓄水的影响,2006年7月1日后以走滑断层活动方式明显增多,水库地震群时段走滑断层活动方式表现突出     

京津冀地区地壳应力场特征

基于标量断层类型值,对京津冀地区及邻区2 187个中小地震震源机制解进行分类,统计结果显示研究区震源机制类型以走滑断层和正断层为主,P轴优势方位为NEE—EW和SWW—EW向;采用MSATSI软件包反演该区1°×1°网格的精细地壳应力场,结果表明:最大主压应力轴最优解的优势方向为NEE—EW向,与P轴优势方位一致;所有网格的相对应力大小R值均小于0.5,表明京津冀地区应力状态偏拉张性质,而且最小主压应力轴的不确定度变化范围相对稳定,表明现今京津冀地区地壳应力场处于一个相对统一的NNW—SSE向的拉张作用控制下。39°N以北地区最大主压应力轴方位最优解显示一定角度的偏转,同时最大、中等、最小主压应力轴最优解推断的应力状态由西向东存在一个正断层—走滑断层—正断层的转换过程;而39°N以南地区的现今构造应力场保持稳定,最优主压应力轴呈NEE—SWW向,大部分网格应力状态显示走滑型。构造应力场的反演结果与活动构造、GPS主应变方向和剪切波分裂的快波偏振方向等相关研究结果基本一致。     

河北南部及邻近地区中小地震震源机制特征分析

利用P波初动和振幅相结合的广义极性振幅技术法(GPAT),反演2007-2016年河北南部及邻近地区发生的368个ML≥2.0中小地震震源机制解,利用统计方法和系统聚类方法,分析震源机制解参数特征。结果表明,河北南部及邻区中小地震以走滑地震为主;正断层和逆断层相对较少,断层面以倾斜或直立为主,断层运动表现为左旋走滑和右旋走滑,应力作用以水平和近水平推扭方式为主。     

山西带中北部地区中小地震震源机制解特征

利用山西地震台网记录的数字地震波形,采用基于P波初动极性和S/P振幅比(HASH)方法,反演了2008年10月-2013年4月期间发生在山西带中北部ML2.0级以上地震的震源机制解。结果表明,山西带中北部地区中小地震震源机制解种类较多,分布散乱。震源机制解除走滑型外,还有一定数量的正断层和逆断层类型,表明小地震的发生具有一定的随机性,华北构造应力场对研究区域的小震控制作用较弱,局部活动断裂对地震具有一定的控制作用。     

西藏米林6.9级地震孕震机理研究

利用西藏地震台网记录到的2017年11月18日西藏米林6.9级地震及其余震序列资料,研究此次地震的发震机制断层。双差定位结果显示,余震沿着主震的NW和SE方向往两侧扩展分布,震源深度主要集中在2～12 km,同时从短轴剖面上地震分布推断,此次米林地震的发震断层倾角约为45°。对M_L3.5以上的余震采用CAP方法进行波形拟合震源机制反演,其结果显示,此次米林地震序列震源错动类型以逆冲和走滑为主,比较符合该区域的构造动力环境。应力场反演结果显示,米林地震序列主压应力轴（S₁轴）方向为NNE-NS向,主张应力轴（S₃轴）方向为SEE-SE向;反映的断层错动方式为逆冲兼走滑类型。地震余震序列展布以及震源机制分布显示断层走向和断层特性与帕隆—旁辛断裂的特征较为吻合,推测米林地震的发震断裂为帕隆—旁辛断裂。     

丁青地区地震重定位、震源机制及其发震构造初步分析

文中利用青海省地震台网的宽频带数字记录,通过CAP反演等方法获取了西藏丁青8次MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解(1次地震的震源机制解来自USGS).结果显示,7次地震以正断破裂为主,兼具少量右旋走滑分量,断层优势走向为NNE,P轴的优势方位为SWW,T轴的优势方位为SEE.同时,利用双差相对定位法获得了217个地震的重定位...     

首都圈地区震源机制解及现今构造应力场时空变化特征研究

基于2009年1月至2017年11月首都圈地区发生的8 061个地震事件的23 293条P波初动极性数据,采用改进的格点尝试法计算了首都圈地区单次地震的震源机制解和小震综合断层面解。在初步分析这些数据的基础上,利用计算得到的单次地震的震源机制解和搜集到的已有历史地震的震源机制解数据,运用线性反演法对首都圈地区构造应力场的时空变化特征进行了研究。结果显示:① 研究区的地震震源机制解类型以走滑型为主,正断型次之,这些地震震源机制解的P轴方位大都为ENE向和近EW向,与该地区的构造应力场方向基本一致,仅有个别地震的P轴方位为NNW向;② 首都圈地区的构造应力场具有较好的一致性和连续性,最大主应力轴方位由西部的ENE向至东部的近EW向呈现顺时针旋转的趋势,应力类型整体上为走滑型,这与以往的研究结果相一致;③ 通过与已有研究结果相比较认为:京西北地区现今构造应力场是相对稳定的,最大主应力轴未呈明显改变;唐山地区和北京地区的构造应力场（最大主应力轴）在1976年唐山地震前后可能发生了变化,唐山地震后一年至今（1977—2017年）是否发生变化,依据现有的计算结果尚不得而知,需要更多的研究来进一步验证.      

云南地区现代构造应力场研究

利用云南及周边地区中强地震震源机制解资料,采用对震源机制参数进行统计的方法,详细分析了地震断层类型和云南地区的现代构造应力场特征.结果表明,云南地区发生的中强地震走滑型地震占绝大多数,比例为80%,正断型和正走滑型与逆断型和逆走滑型地震所占的比例相当,分别约为8%.云南地区应力场接近水平,地震错动面的倾角较陡.云南地区...     

Study on the Recent Tectonic Stress Field in the Yunnan Region

In this paper, using focal mechanism solutions of moderate-strong earthquakes in Yunnan and its adjacent areas, and based on the statistical analysis of the parameters of focal mechanism solutions, we discussed in detail the earthquake fault types and the characteristics of the modern tectonic stress field in the Yunnan region. The results show that most moderate-strong earthquakes occurring in the Yunnan region are of the strike-slip type, amounting to 80% of the total. Normal faulting and normal with strike-slip and reverse and reverse with strike-slip earthquakes is almost equivalent in proportion, about 8% each. The tectonic stress field of the Yunnan region is near-horizontal, and the dips of earthquake fault planes are large. There are three main dynamic sources acting on the Yunnan region: one is the NE, NNE and NNW-directed acting force from Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam; the second is the SE-SSE directed force from the Sichuan and Sichuan-Yunnan rhombus block and the third is the NW-NNW directed force from the South China block. These three acting forces have controlled the faulting behavior of the main faults and the characteristics of strong earthquake activity of Yunnan and its adjacent regions.     

Relative location and source mechanism of inland earthquakes in Northern Egypt

We have relocated 259 inland earthquakes in northern Egypt using the double-difference hypocenter technique. Among this dataset we are able to determine source mechanisms of 200 events using P-wave polarities and amplitude ratios as well. The studied earthquakes have been recorded by the Egyptian National Seismological Network from October 1997 to December 2006 with local magnitude (M_L) varies between 1.5 and 5.0. Three earthquake dislocations have been defined namely: Dahshour, southeast Beni-Suef, and Cairo-Suez district. Earthquake activities tend to occur in clusters along the first dislocation (Dahshour) however, relatively scattered along the second (southeast Beni-Suef) and the third (Cairo-Suez district) dislocations. At Dahshour dislocation three distinct clusters have been distinguished. Source mechanism solutions of Dahshour earthquakes displayed normal faulting with a strike-slip component to strike-slip faulting with a minor normal dip-slip component. Most of earthquake focal mechanism orientations are varying from NE-SW to NW-SE. The fault plane solutions of Beni-Suef earthquakes represented normal faulting with a strike-slip component. If the NNW-SSE striking plane has been chosen to be the actual fault plane, some solutions would indicated normal faulting with a sinistral strike-slip motion and other reflect normal faulting with a dextral strike-slip component. The fault plane solutions of Cairo-Suez district earthquakes are compatible with E-W to ENE-WSW striking normal fault with a dextral strike-slip motion.     

滇西北地区现今构造应力状态及其与地震的关系

基于搜集到的2000—2018年滇西北地区MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解,运用线性叠加反演法进行应力场反演,分析了滇西北地区现今的构造应力状态,进一步探讨了应力张量方差的时空分布与地震活动的关系。结果显示：(1)滇西北地区地震的震源机制解类型复杂,主要以走滑型（46%）为主,正断型（27%）次之;(2)研究区的构造应力场具有整体的一致性和局部的非均匀性,呈现为NNW向挤压和ENE向拉张的走滑型应力结构,说明研究区受到来自NNW向的水平挤压作用,对该地区上地壳运动和断裂活动起主导作用;(3)滇西北地区的应力张量方差大都小于0.2,除北部一些地区外,应力场基本处于均匀状态。根据应力张量方差随时间的变化和后续地震可知,中强地震大都发生在应力张量方差值低于0.2的情形,且主要发生在应力张量方差减小即震源机制解趋于一致的过程中。空间上这些地震基本都发生在应力张量方差的低值分布区及其边缘,这一结果有助于判定发震地点和了解区域应力集中增强过程。     

PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE EARTHQUAKES TO FAULT STABILITY ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

Analysis of stress state of faults is helpful to understand crustal mechanical properties and seismicity. In the paper, we invert the horizontal crustal stress field in the southeastern Tibetan plateau using focal mechanism solutions of small and medium-size earthquakes, and apply them to estimate the stability of regional major faults. Firstly, we collect focal mechanism solutions of small and medium-sized earthquakes in the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The dataset includes more than 1 000 focal mechanism solutions in the past twenty years. Magnitudes of these earthquakes vary from M3.0 to M6.0. Most of the focal mechanism solutions were determined using waveform inversion technique. Although most of focal mechanism solutions in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are strike-slip faulting, their spatial pattern is different in sub-regions. Normal faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the western Sichuan region, reverse faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the boundary zone between the Tibetan plateau and the South China craton, and strike-slip faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the central and southern Yunnan region. Next, we settle on a mesh with grid spacing of 0.5° in longitude and latitude in the region and invert the horizontal crustal stress field at each grid point. Spatial variation of the maximum principal stress axis in the southeastern Tibetan plateau shows a clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntax. The azimuth of maximum compressional stress axis is about 88.1° in the western Sichuan region, about 124.6° in the South China craton, and about 21.6° in the western and southern Yunnan region. The azimuth of regional maximum compressional stress is nearly parallel to the direction of terrain elevation gradient, and that of the minimum compressional stress is nearly parallel to the tangential direction of the topographic elevation contours. The spatial pattern reflects the control role of gravity spreading of the Tibetan plateau on the regional horizontal stress field. Finally, we analyzed regional fault stability based on these collected focal mechanism solutions. The fault instability parameter (I) is defined based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and indicates the degree of fault approximating to rupture. The instability parameters on fourteen major faults in the southeastern Tibetan plateau were calculated. Our results show that the stability of the Lianfeng-Zhaotong Fault is the lowest before 2014 in the region, which indicates the fault zone is close to rupture at that time. Our results provide a new useful tool to assess regional seismic potential using dense focal mechanism solutions.     

2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震与部分余震的震源机制解

采用区域和远台Pn或Pg初至波初动符号, 利用下半球等面积投影, 求解了2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震和截止到2008年12月10日发生的部分4级以上余震的震源机制解。 汶川8.0级地震的震源机制为: 节面Ⅰ的走向为5°, 倾角为48°, 滑动角为39°; 节面Ⅱ的走向为247°, 倾角为62°, 滑动角为131°。 P轴方位角为309°, 仰角为8°, T轴方位角为208°, 仰角为54 °, B轴方位角为44°, 仰角为35°。 结合地质构造和余震空间分布, 可以确定节面Ⅱ为发震断层面。 根据震源机制解, 引发本次地震的断层活动主要表现为逆冲, 主破裂面为S67°W与该地震所在断层的走向基本一致(断裂总体走向N45°E)^[1]; 主压应力轴P轴为N51 °W, 主压应力轴P轴方位与该区域构造应力场方向基本一致。 根据余震震源机制解结果, 龙门山断裂带南段发生的余震与北段发生的余震的震源机制都具有优势分布, 且两者差异明显。 早期发生在南段的余震的破裂是以逆倾滑动为主, 兼有走向滑动; 而随着时间的推移, 余震向北段迁移, 在龙门山构造的北段地震震源的破裂方式以走向滑动为主, 兼有一定的逆倾滑动; 龙门构造带南段震源应力场受主震应力场的控制, 而龙门构造带北段震源应力场不仅受区域应力场的影响, 还受主震应力场的影响。     

2020年云南巧家M5.0地震震源机制解与震源区应力场研究

基于国家测震台网数据中心提供的波形资料, 采用gCAP方法反演2020年5月18日云南巧家M5.0地震及研究区域51次地震震源机制解, 并收集研究区域震源机制解50个。 采用网格搜索法反演区域构造应力场, 并对研究区域采用不同划分进行应力场反演。 获得以下结论: ① 主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ的走向、 倾角和滑动角分别为175°、 67°和-19°, 节面Ⅱ的走向、 倾角和滑动角分别为273°、 73°和-156°, 矩震级为4.97, 矩心深度为8.8 km。 表明主震属于兼具逆冲分量的走滑型地震; ② 震后区域应力场主压应力轴方位为NWW, 倾角接近水平, 主张应力轴方位为NNE, 倾角接近水平, 属于走滑型应力状态, 与周边地质构造运动状态相吻合; ③ 对研究区域采用不同划分所得应力场结果相差不大, 表明该区域应力场比较稳定, 受深大断裂带和震源机制解类型影响较小。     

新疆天山地区与川滇地区中强地震震源机制解对比分析

利用1970年以来新疆天山地区和川滇地区中强地震震源机制解,对两区中强地震的错动性质做了对比分析,得出以下两点结论:(1)新疆天山地区中强地震断错性质复杂多样,主要以逆断层型和走滑型地震为主;而川滇地区强震主要以走滑型地震为主。(2)新疆天山地区走滑型地震大多包含倾滑分量,单纯的水平错动地震数量极少;而川滇地区走滑型地震的错动方式主要以水平错动为主,倾滑分量较小。     

analyzing the variation characteristics of stress field in hetao seismic belt using focal mechanism data

Based on analysis of background of geological tectonic movement and strong earthquake activity, we first obtained the focal mechanism solutions using amplitude ratio and CAP method, then determined the characteristic of average stress field of the study area by inversion of the stress field. On this basis, we selected the source mechanism consistency parameter as the inspection index to obtain the latest changes of stress field in Hetao seismic zone based on its temporal and spatial analysis. Two methods were used in the stress field inversion for comparison and analysis, which are average stress axis tensor and LSIB(Linear stress inversion bootstrap, LSIB). According to the geological tectonic movement and focal mechanism solutions of M_S≥4.0 earthquakes from 1970, we judge that the stress field evolution process of Hetao seismic belt is controlled jointly by vertical difference movement and horizontal shear movement, resulting in that the normal fault and strike-slip fault mechanisms are dominating.Taking into account the station layout of the study area, and in order to ensure the accuracy of calculation, we calculated 224 earthquakes focal mechanism solutions by using amplitude ratio and CAP method, including 164 earthquakes with 2.8≤M_L<3.5, 42 earthquakes with 3.5≤M_L<4.0, and 18 earthquakes with M_L≥4.0; The statistical results on type of focal mechanisms show that, there are 142 strike-slip earthquakes(63.4%), 50 normal fault earthquakes(22.3%)and 32 thrust fault earthquakes(14.3%). In this study period(from 2001 to 2012), most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Hetao seismic belt, this is one of the inherent characteristics of the stress field.The result of average stress axis tensor and LSIB shows that, the azimuth of maximum compressional stress is 47°～52°, direction is NE-SW; The azimuth of minimum compressional stress is 313°～322°, direction is NW-SE; This indicates that, the stress field characteristics of Hetao seismic belt and its sub-block are not completely consistent. Linhe Basin exhibits coordinated stress field characteristics with Hetao seismic belt, but Hubao Basin exhibits regional differences, direction of compressive stress has clockwise deflection in Baotou area, and the compressive stress direction is NEE. This heteropical character of stress field is also confirmed by horizontal projection distribution of stress axis of historical strong earthquakes and recent moderate and small earthquakes. Since 2003, the temporal sequence curve of consistency parameter of Hetao seismic belt had a downward trend, this change was caused by focal mechanism consistency parameter of Linhe to Wuhai area, which indicates that this structural position is possible to be a priority area for stress accumulation and accelerated release in future.