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第四纪冰川和冰川地质遗迹的研究,是研究第四纪全球气候变化的重要课题之一。中国第四纪冰川地质遗迹分布很广,类型多。最北的大兴安岭、南部的广西大明山、东部的长白山和台湾玉山、最西的喀喇昆仑山第四纪冰川地质遗迹均有分布,是世界上低纬度地区山岳冰川发育最广泛的国家。本文在前人研究的基础上,系统阐述我国第四纪冰川地质遗迹分布概况,结合开展的全国重要地质遗迹调查,以地质遗迹调查规范为基础,系统开展第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法研究。根据冰川在运动过程中对地面的侵蚀、冰碛物的搬运和堆积等不同的地质作用阶段,总结我国第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法体系,为开展同类地质遗迹调查提供方法指导依据。 相似文献
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第四纪冰川和冰川地质遗迹的研究,是研究第四纪全球气候变化的重要课题之一。中国第四纪冰川地质遗迹分布很广,类型多。最北的大兴安岭、南部的广西大明山、东部的长白山和台湾玉山、最西的喀喇昆仑山第四纪冰川地质遗迹均有分布,是世界上低纬度地区山岳冰川发育最广泛的国家。本文在前人研究的基础上,系统阐述我国第四纪冰川地质遗迹分布概况,结合开展的全国重要地质遗迹调查,以地质遗迹调查规范为基础,系统开展第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法研究。根据冰川在运动过程中对地面的侵蚀、冰碛物的搬运和堆积等不同的地质作用阶段,总结我国第四纪冰川地质遗迹调查方法体系,为开展同类地质遗迹调查提供方法指导依据。 相似文献
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当前我国第四纪地层研究中存在的不规范和地层混乱现象,主要表现是:长期忽视第四纪岩石地层单位的建立和研究,将岩石地层单位与年代地层单位混用,过分强调多重地层单位界线的一致性等等。当前的第四纪(系)划分方案存在不妥之处,建议:1)将第四纪(系)四分; 2)尽快制定《中国第四系地层规范》,以适应即将开始的新一轮国土资源大调查的需要。 相似文献
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E. A. Vangengeim 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2010,18(6):674-684
The Pliocene and Quaternary stratigraphic schemes of Russia elaborated during the last 60 years by the scientists of the Department
of Quaternary Geology (presently the Laboratory of the Quaternary Stratigraphy) of the Geological Institute, RAS, are analyzed.
Principles of compilation of the schemes, taxonomic rank of subdivisions, and the problem of the lower boundary of the Quaternary,
are discussed. All the schemes are based on mammal paleontology of East European continental sediments and on correlation
with the West European faunas. 相似文献
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GUNNAR LARSEN KAREN LUISE KNUDSEN NIELS TVIS KNUDSEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1987,16(4):325-325
Different topics of Quaternary geology were dealt with at a symposium arranged in 1986 in Århus, Denmark: (1) reviews on recent Quaternary research in the Nordic countries, (2) studies of stratigraphy and geological processes in the Fennoscandian Border Zone, which demonstrate that the Quaternary deposition pattern is highly influenced by tectonic movements, and (3) Quaternary research as it can be applied to geotechnical investigations in the search for raw materials, in connection with pollution, and with conservation. 相似文献
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靖远地区上系发育良好,分带性明显,成因类型较为复杂,根据野外地质调查资料,在全面分析,整理该区第四纪地层资料的基础上,以新构运动为背景,结合岩相、岩性和地层之间接触关系及地貌特征,初步归纳建立了靖远地区第四纪地层层序。 相似文献
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传统地质填图方法一般按成因划分第四系填图单位,但在半覆盖区,往往存在第四系不同成因物质混杂堆积的现象,若按成因划分填图单位,则会造成混乱。笔者在填图实践中,尝试按岩性划分第四系填图单位,这一做法能避免这种混乱,且有利于第四系中基岩信息的发掘,并能为勘查地球化学工作提供景观依据,这种新式填图方法可称为"第四系岩性填图法"。用岩性划分第四系填图单位需要使用统一的分类命名方案,本文使用了按碎屑特征进行分类的方案,主要考虑第四系松散堆积中碎屑的粒径、形态和含量变化。第四系岩性填图法中填图单位的划分需要参照这一分类命名方案,并可选用颜色、构造、次要碎屑类型等修饰性要素做为辅助划分依据。填图单位划分一般在踏勘和剖面实测中完成,第四系岩性填图法剖面测制较为复杂,除采用传统垂向测制方法外,还需运用横向测法和横向-垂向联合测法,通过剖面工作,可细化填图单位划分方案,并可评价不同填图单元基岩恢复的可靠性。第四系岩性填图法除需要编制传统地质图外,还需要编制基岩推断地质图或是在报告中制作插图以阐述此成果。 相似文献
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根据沉积分析和ESR、OSL1、4C测年数据,对阿拉克湖地区第四纪地层进行了详细的成因划分和时间约束,为第四纪以来高原隆升重大事件及其引起的环境演变提供了重要的时代依据;根据沉积特征和孢粉植物演替对第四纪的环境变迁过程进行了探讨:早更新世湖积地层中出现具亚寒带气候特征的针叶林植物群和中更新世冰碛物覆于早更新世地层之上是研究区第四纪环境演变的重要转折标志;第四纪盆山耦合关系非常明显,山系隆升与沉积盆地具有由北向南迁移的规律。 相似文献
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《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2016,57(9):1312-1320
This study reviews a possible new position of the base of the Quaternary in West Siberia based on paleobotanical and paleomagnetic data in view of ratification of ICS recommendations by the IUGS Executive Committee and the decision of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Russia to lower the base of the Quaternary (and, therefore, the base of the Pleistocene) at 2.58 Ma. The paleobotanical and paleomagnetic data from two horizons on the West Siberian plain (Kulunda, attributed in part to the formerly Neogene Gelasian Stage, and Kochki, attributed to the Quaternary) were used to identify global cooling that occurred synchronously with a regional cooling phase determined at the base of the Gelasian at Monte San Nicola, Italy. 相似文献
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In low seismicity areas, folds, faults and striated pebbles in recent alluvial deposits can demonstrate the Quaternary activity of tectonic structures and can reveal their kinematics. In the Digne nappe (Southern Alps), an out-of-sequence thrust occurred in the late Quaternary in response to WSW-trending compression. The presence of late Quaternary compressional deformation in the Valavoire thrust could have resulted from the activity of the underlying Durance flexure with a maximum Pliocene–Quaternary uplift rate of about 0.1 mm yr−1 . The Quaternary top surface of the Valensole basin, that truncates SW-vergent thrust propagation folds, is folded above the Lambruissier anticline. Exceptional conditions resulted in the local preservation of this Quaternary fold morphology created with a minimum uplift-rate of 0.05 mm yr−1 under a NE-trending compression. At the front of the Digne nappe the deformation is characterized by WSW to WNW trends of compression and low strain rates during the Quaternary period. 相似文献
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为了解沉积变质型铁矿床开采后矿区地下水化学特征的变化趋势,在充分掌握矿区含水系统划分和流动系统发育规律的基础上,通过对四含上、四含下、基岩含水层148个水样常规离子的相关性、水化学类型及公因子的分析,得出水化学类型分区和公因子得分等值线,将二者叠加,分析各含水层潜在的形成作用及其控制因素.研究结果表明,四含上以碳酸盐溶滤、污染、氧化作用为主;四含下以污染、溶滤、局部脱硫酸作用为主;基岩含水层以离子交换吸附、第四系水的混合、硅酸盐矿物的不全等溶解作用为主.除了背景因素外,矿山开采后的三维流场控制了基岩含水层的形成作用和原生水化学类型,影响了第四系含水层的局部形成作用,水化学类型分区界线明显移动. 相似文献
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由于沉积环境和沉积物类型与成因的差异,第四纪沉积物岩性、组成会随时间变化,并且结构和厚度在空间上也可能发生明显变化,使得长期以来难以测得其准确年代。论文对K/Ar法和40Ar/39Ar法、玻璃陨石法、铀系定年、氨基酸外消旋法、宇宙成因核素法、电子自旋共振定年等各种方法的定年范围和测定对象进行了介绍,分析了第四纪测年方法新进展存在的主要问题和改进途径。要提高所测年代结果的可靠性和准确度,不仅需要丰富的地质工作经验,还需要选择最恰当的定年方法,并且尽可能用多种定年方法进行交叉对比。随着第四纪环境演变及全球气候变化等方面的研究日益受到地质学者的关注,相信第四纪沉积物定年方法在全球气候变化、环境演化等研究领域具有更加广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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江汉盆地第四纪地质研究现状 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
从第四纪地层、环境、构造活动、现代湖群成因等方面,介绍了江汉盆地第四纪地质研究现状。针对江汉盆地及其周缘地区已分别建立了覆盖区和露头区第四纪地层系统,其中覆盖区第四系下限年龄达3 Ma左右。不同研究者对第四纪气候与环境演化的认识存在程度不一的差异。基于江汉盆地周老镇钻孔第四纪沉积的砾石特征、重矿物组成及磁学特征的研究表明,长江贯通三峡的时间为1.1 Ma左右。对盆地构造活动存在断陷、坳陷以及其他不同观点。对全新世暨近现代区域主压应力有NE-NNE向和NW向2种不同认识。对于现代湖泊或湖群的成因,或强调非构造因素,或强调构造因素,或认为构造与非构造因素均起到重要作用。最后提出江汉盆地第四纪地质今后研究的主要内容是第四纪气候与环境演化、盆地凹陷区边缘第四系厚度变化特征、覆盖区晚更新世-全新世沉积物的精细调查以及现代江汉盆地升降特征的GPS监测。 相似文献
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Quaternary folding of the eastern Tian Shan, northwest China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bihong Fu Aiming Lin Ken-ichi Kano Tadashi Maruyama Jianming Guo 《Tectonophysics》2003,369(1-2):79-101
The Tian Shan, east–west trending more than 2000 km, is one of most active intracontinental mountain building belts that resulted from India–Eurasia collision during Cenozoic. In this study, Quaternary folding related to intracontinental mountain building of the Tian Shan orogenic belt is documented based on geologic interpretation and analyses of the satellite remote sensing images [Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and India Remote Sensing (IRS) Pan] combined with field geologic and geomorphic observations and seismic reflection profiles. Analyses of spatial–temporal features of Quaternary folded structure indicate that the early Quaternary folds are widely distributed in both piedmont and intermontane basins, whereas the late Quaternary active folds are mainly concentrated on the northern range-fronts. Field observations indicate that Quaternary folds are mainly characterized by fault-related folding. The formation and migration of Quaternary folding are likely related to decollement surfaces beneath the fold-and-fault zone as revealed by seismic reflection profiles. Moreover, analysis of growth strata indicates that the Quaternary folding began in late stage of early Pleistocene (2.1–1.2 Ma). Finally, tectonic evolution model of the Quaternary deformation in the Tian Shan is presented. This model shows that the Quaternary folding and faulting gradually migrate toward the range-fronts due to the continuous compression related to India–Eurasia collision during Quaternary time. As a result, the high topographic relief of the Tian Shan was formed. 相似文献