污水侧排近区特性的三维数值模拟研究

给出描述热污水全深度侧排的三维湍流数学模型，并考虑了浮力效应。进而采用Chu的实验资料进行检验，计算结果和试验资料的吻合证明了模型和方法的正确性，为进一步数值预报其近区特性奠定基础。     

静止环境中平面负浮力排放近区特性的数值研究

运用k-ε湍流模型,建立静止环境中平面负浮力倾斜射流的二维数学模型,采用D.M.Shahrabani和J.D.Ditmars的试验资料进行检验,并且对这类流动进行了数值预报。在此基础上,提出了将射流影响区域划分成为三个区的概念,即:射流区、回流区和水平扩展区,也给出了射流区和水平扩展区及射流区内部分区的界限。给出了收缩断面的位置及该断面物理量的分布,为远区特性计算给出了定解条件。     

近区锚喷结构的爆破振动特性研究

选用水泥砂浆和玻璃钢分别模拟岩石和锚杆,浇筑2.5 m×1.8 m×2.1 m尺寸的岩体模型,通过模型试验研究近区锚喷结构在掏槽爆破作用下的振动特性。利用测试锚杆测得不同设置情况锚杆上的应变波。试验结果表明,端锚锚杆中部锚固段与锚杆尾部自由段测得的振动波形和变形形式完全不同,中部锚固段振动幅值稍大;在不设置喷层和预应力时,尾部自由段的应变波规律性更强,且持续时间长;随着离爆源距离的增加,锚杆的振动频率和幅值衰减明显,但振动持续时间则稍有增长;通过小波变化的时频方法分析应变波的能量,临近工作面锚杆的振动能量大,但能量分布分散,振动时间有限,稍远的锚杆虽振动能量小,但能量集中,持续时间长;两种不同能量对锚喷结构产生不同的损坏模式。试验和实践发现,爆破容易造成附近喷层的损坏和锚杆的失效,钢纤维混凝土可增加喷层的抗动载性能,调整支护工艺也是减小爆破影响的有效方法。     

污水侧排近区特性的三维数值模拟研究——数学模型及其检验(Ⅰ)

给出描述热污水全深度侧排的三维湍流数学模型,并考虑了浮力效应.进而采用Chu的实验资料进行检验,计算结果和试验资料的吻合证明了模型和方法的正确性,为进一步数值预报其近区特性奠定基础.     

二维半岛尾流近区流动参数分布特性的研究

采用数字粒子图象测速技术,在恒定来流的工况下,分别对圆柱、正弦形状半岛的尾流近区的速度分布进行了比较详细的测量,获得了大量的数据。从相似性的角度,对流速在尾流摆动一个周期内的平均值进行了分析。结果显示,沿程各断面的此种平均流速在归一化后具有一定程度的相似性,而各断面归一化紊动参数分布的差别很大。     

方腔回流区水流运动特性三维数值分析

建立了一个三维水动力学模型,对方腔回流区水流运动特性进行了模拟分析。数学模型以三维浅水环流方程为基础,在垂向空间引入σ坐标变换,采用高分辨率半隐有限元离散格式。计算结果与解析解及水槽试验数据吻合良好。应用该模型对方腔回流区的水流运动特性进行了计算分析,进一步揭示了方腔回流运动的非定常非对称不封闭特性、流动结构表现为竖轴环流与立面环流相叠加、流速沿垂线分布相对均匀等流动规律。     

潜堤对破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性影响数值分析

破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性分析是研究近岸地区泥沙输运机理和岸滩演变的关键。考虑潜堤修建的影响,对破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性开展研究。运用基于RANS方程的波浪数学模型,选取非线性涡粘性κ-ε紊动传输模型,采用高精度PLIC-VOF方法追踪自由面,并用实验数据验证模型精度。计算分析结果表明,潜堤的修建改变了破波点的位置,破碎区至冲泻区内水动力特性随之变化,入射波波高H、波长L、堤顶水深R和堤顶宽度B是主要影响因素。在相同的入射波条件下,B/R增大,破碎区至冲泻区内出现的最大紊动动能值和最大紊动耗散值减小。用量纲一参数Re,Fr和St来描述破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性,随着RL/BH增大,波浪将在离岸较近处发生破碎,Re和Fr增大,St减小。     

近井储层改造对天然气水合物藏降压开采特性影响的数值模拟研究

本文基于我国第一轮海域天然气水合物试采地质模型,利用Tough+Hydrate对近井储层改造后的水合物藏进行降压开采模拟研究。探究了多孔骨架渗流通道对气/水输送、压降传播、水合物分解等的影响机制,评估了近井储层改造在不同开采层位和整个开采过程中对产能提高的贡献大小。模拟结果表明：多孔骨架渗流通道内气/水流速高,可以起到导流、防砂的作用;近井储层改造可促进压降传播,加快水合物分解,但骨架通道的增产作用随开采时间增加逐渐减弱;近井储层改造在不同开采层位起到的增产效果不同,三相层中的增产效果最明显,但由于模拟改造范围较小、形成的多孔骨架渗流通道渗透性较低,增产效果不明显,多孔骨架渗流通道高度为50 cm时,2年产气量仅提高11.7%。     

中国近海地区地质灾害分类

中国近海地区发育有多种地质灾害。本文着眼于地质灾害形成的动力来源、成因、形成时间、发生过程、关联性、可控性和危害性，首次对中国近海地区的地质灾害进行了全面系统的分类，并给出了各种分类之间的对应关系。     

重力近区地形改正精度探讨

在大比例尺重力勘探工作中,近区、中区地形改正误差对重力总精度影响较大。在实际工作中,近区域地形改正一般采用实测或用地形图读图计算;中区地形改正一般采用地形图读图计算,《大比例尺重力勘查规范》只考虑地形图高程精度对重力总精度的影响,忽略了地形图平面坐标精度对重力总精度影响。这里从锥形、扇形基本地形改正公式推导出发,探讨不同比例尺,不同高程,平面精度对重力总精度的影响,并提出了不同地形改正精度对地形图比例尺及高程,平面精度要求建议。     

静止均匀环境中气泡射流特性的研究——数学模型及试验资料的分析(Ⅰ)

已往对气泡射流的理论研究,主要集中在半经验和积分模型方面,对流动结构揭示很少。给出了气-液两相流两方程湍流模型。为了加深对气泡射流规律的理解和为数值计算建立对比基础,提出了一组参考量,对Sun和Faeth的试验资料进行了整理。     

MICP对钙质砂单颗粒的破碎行为影响研究

作为一种特殊的岩土介质材料,钙质砂具有在低压下易破碎的性质。微生物诱导方解石沉淀（MICP）技术得到了广泛的关注和认可,可用来改善钙质砂的破碎特性。文章从室内试验和离散元模拟两个角度分别对钙质砂颗粒MICP固化前后进行单颗粒压碎试验,通过Weibull分布和SEM扫描等探究了MICP对钙质砂颗粒破碎行为的影响。结果表明：离散元模拟得到的生存概率曲线及Weibull模量m值与试验结果均吻合较好,验证了该数值模型的有效性。与室内试验相比,数值模拟可以精确地反映颗粒的裂纹分布及破碎过程,且可以研究同一颗粒MICP固化前后的情形,弥补了室内实验的不足,但其取决于模型参数的选取;经过MICP固化后的钙质砂颗粒表面有明显的方解石结晶生成,颗粒表面及内孔隙分别得到一定程度的包裹和填充,导致颗粒破碎强度有明显的增强且离散性大大降低,破碎模式由“多峰型”向“单峰型”转变,局部裂纹减少,多以表面磨损和直接产生贯穿裂纹为主。     

Conceptual Numerical Modeling of Large-Scale Footwall Behavior at the Kiirunavaara Mine,and Implications for Deformation Monitoring

Over the last 30 years, the Kiirunavaara mine has experienced a slow but progressive fracturing and movement in the footwall rock mass, which is directly related to the sublevel caving (SLC) method utilized by Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB). As part of an ongoing work, this paper focuses on describing and explaining a likely evolution path of large-scale fracturing in the Kiirunavaara footwall. The trace of this fracturing was based on a series of damage mapping campaigns carried out over the last 2 years, accompanied by numerical modeling. Data collected from the damage mapping between mine levels 320 and 907 m was used to create a 3D surface representing a conceptual boundary for the extent of the damaged volume. The extent boundary surface was used as the basis for calibrating conceptual numerical models created in UDEC. The mapping data, in combination with the numerical models, indicated a plausible evolution path of the footwall fracturing that was subsequently described. Between levels 320 and 740 m, the extent of fracturing into the footwall appears to be controlled by natural pre-existing discontinuities, while below 740 m, there are indications of a curved shear or step-path failure. The step-path is hypothesized to be activated by rock mass heave into the SLC zone above the current extraction level. Above the 320 m level, the fracturing seems to intersect a subvertical structure that daylights in the old open pit slope. Identification of these probable damage mechanisms was an important step in order to determine the requirements for a monitoring system for tracking footwall damage. This paper describes the background work for the design of the system currently being installed.     

Behavior of monopile foundations under cyclic lateral load

This paper describes the development and application of design charts for monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines in sandy soil under long-term cyclic lateral load. It outlines a numerical model, working with a numerical concept, which makes the calculation of accumulated displacements based on cyclic triaxial test results possible, and it describes important factors affecting the deformation response of a monopile to cyclic lateral loads. The effects of pile length, diameter and loading state on the accumulation rate of lateral deformation are presented and design charts are given, in which a normalized ultimate lateral resistance of a pile is used. For monopiles with very large diameter, the suitability of the “zero-toe-kick” and “vertical tangent” design critera for determining the required embedded length is discussed.     

Behavior of single rammed aggregate piers considering installation effects

A three-dimensional numerical method was used to simulate cavity expansion during installation and an in situ load test conducted on a single rammed aggregate pier (RAP). Verification of the numerical model was carried out by comparing the computed settlements at top and tip of the pier with the measured values. An un-rammed aggregate pier (UAP) of the same diameter and length was also simulated using the numerical method to demonstrate the effect of installation. Interpretations of the numerical results were focused on the load–settlement behavior, the bulging of the pier, the axial load distributions along the pier, and the stress paths of the soil around the pier. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the pier length/diameter ratio and the soil properties on the behavior of rammed and un-rammed aggregate piers.     

残余强度特性对岩石宏观破坏的影响

运用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA2D系统 ,数值模拟了单轴压缩试验下试样破裂失稳的过程 ,主要研究了残余强度特性对岩石类非均质材料弹 脆 塑性的影响。对大量不同残余强度岩石试样的数值模拟结果显示 :残余强度是影响岩石弹 脆 塑性的重要方面 ,残余强度越高 ,岩石越容易表现为塑性 ,岩石试样所承受的峰值载荷也越高     

Behavior of Shallow Strip Footing on Twin Voids

This paper numerically examines the bearing capacity and failure mechanism of a shallow strip foundation constructed above twin voids. The voids may refer to caves, caverns, underground aqueduct or tunnels due to water seepage, chemical reaction or deliberately excavated in soil deposit. The ability of numerical model to accurately predict the system behavior is evaluated by performing verification analyses on existing researches. Subsequently, a parametric study carried out to reveal the influence of size of footing/voids and their location (i.e. depth, spacing, eccentricity) on the bearing capacity of footing. To clarify the failure mechanism, the distribution of shear strain in the soil for different scenarios is assessed. The parametric study provided a new framework to determine the bearing capacity and the mode of failure for footings on voids. Based on the results, a criterion can be issued to avoid collapse of footing/voids regarding the shape, location and size of voids. The results can also be used to design construction of a footing on existing voids while the acquired failure mechanisms can be appointed to develop analytical solutions for this problem. Results demonstrated that a critical depth for voids and a critical distance between them exist where the influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of footing disappears.     

Behavior of Pt and Pd compounds during metamorphism in the easternmost part of the Pana Intrusion,Kola Peninsula

The role of metamorphic processes (including postmagmatic ones) in the origin of mineral assemblages is estimated for the layered unit (LU) and barren rocks (BR) in the Pana Intrusion. Numerical simulations indicate that metamorphic processes simultaneously modified the mineralogical composition of the rocks, Pt and Pd compounds, and the fluids. The process resulted in systematic changes in the mineralogical and fluid composition and is realistically reproduced by physicochemical numerical simulations. Our results make it possible to estimate the effect of P-T parameters on the composition of metallic Pt and Pd and their sulfides, selenides, and tellurides and the composition of the fluid phase during the transformations and localization of the PGE ore mineralization.