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基于新疆101个气象台站1961-2013年逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和日照时数资料,采用线性趋势分析、累积距平、保证率分析以及ArcGIS空间插值方法,分析影响哈密瓜种植的关键气候因子(日平均气温稳定≥15℃日数、≥20℃光温指数以及6-8月平均气温日较差)时空变化特征,并结合各气候因子突变前、后的变化特征,研究了气候变化对新疆不同熟型哈密瓜最佳种植区、次佳种植区和不宜种植区分布区域及其面积的影响。结果表明:新疆≥15℃日数、≥20℃光温指数、6-8月平均气温日较差的空间分布表现为“南疆多、北疆少,东部多、西部少,平原和盆地多、山区少”的特点。近53年,新疆≥15℃日数以2.493 d/10a的倾向率显著增多(P<0.001),≥20℃光温指数以0.06/10a的倾向率显著增大(P<0.001),6-8月平均气温日较差以-0.249℃/10a的倾向率显著(P<0.001)减小,各要素还分别于1997年和1987年发生了突变。新疆哈密瓜种植气候可分为4个大区和7个亚区。受气候变化的影响,1997年后较其之前,新疆中、晚熟哈密瓜最佳种植区明显扩大,次佳种植区有所减小;早熟哈密瓜适宜种植区以及哈密瓜不宜种植区也不同程度地减小。 相似文献
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ENSO对东亚夏季风强度的影响 总被引:10,自引:8,他引:10
夏季风的形成和强弱变化是季风问题中的一个重要方面。本文使用1951 ̄1992年的海平面气压(SLP)和太平洋海表温度(SST)资料,地东亚夏季负强度指数进行研究,试探讨其与ENSO间的联系。结果表明,厄尔尼诺当年,东亚季风偏弱,次年夏季风偏强;反厄尔尼诺年反之。 相似文献
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利用珠三角城市发展资料及珠三角地区近28年的气温资料,研究了珠三角城市集群化发展指标与城市热岛效应之间的关系。认为:(1)珠三角城市集群化发展指标在2000年前发展缓慢,2000年后,珠三角城市集群化发展指标增长率比2000年前增长了5~9倍;(2)热岛强度增温率2000年前为0.34℃·(10a)~(-1),而2000年后热岛强度增温率为0.69℃·(10a)~(-1),热岛强度增温率增加了1倍。(3)珠三角地区城市热岛强度逐年增强,年内热岛强度雨季和干季变化明显,雨季热岛强度弱而干季热岛强度强,最弱热岛出现在降水充沛的7月,最强热岛出现在天气干燥的12月。(4)采用灰色关联度分析结果显示:城市建成区面积、工业总产值、全年总用电量和常住人口等指标对气温和热岛强度影响明显;根据城市发展指标对气温和热岛强度的关联度,采用灰色模型拟合了城市集群化发展指标对气温和热岛强度的平均拟合相对误差分别为2.7%和7.0%,说明该模型可以较好地拟合城市集群化发展指标对气温和热岛强度的影响。 相似文献
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王金风 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(5):58-62
选取昌吉站旧址1981—2013年(其中1981—2008年为迁站前昌吉站资料,2009—2013年为旧址作为区域站Y5522所采集资料)、新址2009—2013年资料进行对比分析,并对新旧站址资料进行T检验,结果表明:迁站前后,新址与旧址气温、相对湿度、风速变化趋势基本一致,但变化幅度新址较旧址略大。两站气温差冬季变化最为明显,夏季变化最小;平均相对湿度新址较旧址偏高,各季差值在冬季最小;平均风速较旧址偏大0.9 m/s,最多风向新址为西风及西南风,旧址为西风;从年平均值的连续性看,年平均气温、年平均最低气温、年平均相对湿度连续性较差,年平均最高气温与年平均风速连续性相对较好。 相似文献
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根据南海及其附近地区的海面和高空气象资料,计算了南海的季风指数分布和月、季变化,并根据低空流场分析了季风的来源和进退趋势,对季风的推进路径和强度变化作了讨论。结果表明:南海夏季风首先出现于泰国湾,然后由西南向东北扩展,最早影响南海的夏季风是来自副热带高压南侧的东南气流,其后是通过90°E、105°E附近的越赤道气流;在南海夏季风盛行后,印度季风才并入。对冬季风的强度、厚度和影响范围,也进行了较详尽的分析。 相似文献
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1999年春旱范围广,危害大。黔西南的春旱还因1998年秋冬雨水边续偏 少,气温偏高而更加严重,对工农业生冰和人畜饮水造成极大影响。但就受灾程度来看,时空差异较大。本文采用许炳南同与的《贵州气候灾害的划分标准》统计计算我州各地的春旱强度,并与农业生产情况对比分析,说明1999年春旱对农业生产的危害程度。 相似文献
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统计分析了1951~2004年东亚季风强度历史变化规律以及东亚冬、夏季季风强度变化与河北省冬季气温和夏季降水的关系。分析表明:在冬季季风强盛阶段,河北省冬季气温以偏低为主;在冬季季风衰弱阶段,河北省冬季气温以偏高为主。夏季季风强度和河北省夏季降水呈正相关,夏季季风强的年份,河北省夏季降水偏多的几率较大,而夏季季风弱的年份,河北省夏季降水一般偏少。夏季季风的强弱与夏季季风来临迟早还存在着联系,夏季季风来临早的年份,则夏季季风强度以偏强为主;夏季季风来临迟的年份,夏季季风强度以偏弱为主。 相似文献
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The role of sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the development and predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is examined using a large set of idealized numerical experiments in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results indicate that the onset time of rapid intensification of TC gradually decreases, and the peak intensity of TC gradually increases, with the increased magnitude of SST. The predictability limits of the maximum 10 m wind speed (MWS) and minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) are ~72 and ~84 hours, respectively. Comparisons of the analyses of variance for different simulation time confirm that the MWS and MSLP have strong signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) from 0-72 hours and a marked decrease beyond 72 hours. For the horizontal and vertical structures of wind speed, noticeable decreases in the magnitude of SNR can be seen as the simulation time increases, similar to that of the SLP or perturbation pressure. These results indicate that the SST as an external forcing signal plays an important role in TC intensity for up to 72 hours, and it is significantly weakened if the simulation time exceeds the predictability limits of TC intensity. 相似文献
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The Dynamic and Thermodynamic Effects of Relative and Absolute Sea Surface Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Intensity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Several numerical experiments were performed to investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic effects of sea surface temperature(SST) on tropical cyclone(TC) intensity.The results reveal that the relative SST within a radius of 2-3 times the radius of maximum wind contributes positively and greatly to TC intensity,while the remote SST far away from the TC center could reduce storm intensity.The change of air-sea temperature and moisture differences may be the reason why TC intensity is more sensitive to the relative rather than the absolute SST.As the inflow air moves toward the eyewall,warmer(colder) remote SST can gradually increase(decrease) the underlying surface air temperature and moisture,and thus decrease(increase) the air-sea temperature and moisture differences,which lead to less(more) energy fluxes entering the eyewall and then decrease(increase) the TC intensity and make it less sensitive to the absolute SST change.Finally,with all the related dynamic and thermodynamic processes being taken into account,a schematic diagram for the effects of relative SST and absolute SST on TC intensity is proposed. 相似文献
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Application of Equivalent Black Body Temperature in the Forecast of Tropical Cyclone Intensity 下载免费PDF全文
Using equivalent black body temperature (TBB) data retrieved from meteorological satellite GMS-5 during 1996-2002,the correlation between the circular symmetric/asymmetric component of TBB and the intensity of tropical cyclone (TC) at various time lags from 0 to 48 h is analyzed for the Northwest Pacific (0°-50°N,120°-155°E),excluding landed and near-coast samples.It is found that the total TBB near southeast of the eyewall,the circular symmetric component,and the sum of the amplitudes of tangential wave numbers 1-10 (SA10) of the TBB between the radii of 0.8°and 1.7°are significantly and negatively correlated with the TC intensity at various time lags from 0 to 48 h.Especially,the maximum 24-h lag correlation coefficients reach -0.52,-0.58,and -0.625,respectively. A statistical prediction scheme for TC intensity is developed based on climatic persistent,synoptic,and TBB factors by stepwise regression technique.It is found that the variance contribution of the averaged TBB over the ring between 1.0°and 1.5°from the TC center ranks the fourth in the equation for 12-h TC intensity prediction,and those of the total TBB near southeast of the eyewall and the difference between maximum and minimum TBB between 1.1°and 1.5°rank the third and fifth respectively in the 24-h forecast equation.It is also shown that,with TBB factors,the following predictions are improved compared to the scheme without TBB factors:48-h prediction for severe tropical storm (STS),12-h prediction for TC with a weakening rate greater than 15 m s~(-1)/12 h,24-h intensity prediction for TC with almost no intensity change,and 48-h prediction for TC intensifying faster than 10 m s~(-1)/48 h. 相似文献
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It has been challenging to project the tropical cyclone(TC) intensity,structure and destructive potential changes in a warming climate.Here,we compare the sensitivities of TC intensity,size and destructive potential to sea surface warming with and without a pre-storm atmospheric adjustment to an idealized state of Radiative-Convective Equilibrium(RCE).Without RCE,we find large responses of TC intensity,size and destructive potential to sea surface temperature(SST) changes,which is in line with some previous studies.However,in an environment under RCE,the TC size is almost insensitive to SST changes,and the sensitivity of intensity is also much reduced to 3%?C-1–4%?C-1.Without the pre-storm RCE adjustment,the mean destructive potential measured by the integrated power dissipation increases by about 25%?C-1 during the mature stage.However,in an environment under RCE,the sensitivity of destructive potential to sea surface warming does not change significantly.Further analyses show that the reduced response of TC intensity and size to sea surface warming under RCE can be explained by the reduced thermodynamic disequilibrium between the air boundary layer and the sea surface due to the RCE adjustment.When conducting regional-scale sea surface warming experiments for TC case studies,without any RCE adjustment the TC response is likely to be unrealistically exaggerated.The TC intensity–temperature sensitivity under RCE is very similar to those found in coupled climate model simulations.This suggests global mean intensity projections under climate change can be understood in terms of a thermodynamic response to temperature with only a minor contribution from any changes in large-scale dynamics. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR逐日风场及英国气象局逐月海表温度资料,研究了对流层高低层风场季内振荡强度季节变化特征,探讨了其年际及年代际异常特征与海表温度异常的关系。热带印度洋、热带西太平洋是高低层风场季内振荡终年均活跃的区域。对流层高低层风场季内振荡强度异常与海表温度异常均不存在确定的局地关系。风场季内振荡能量异常与海表温度异常在年代际尺度上具有良好对应关系,20世纪70年代中后期以来,赤道东太平洋海温异常升高,Walker环流减弱,导致亚洲区域季风季内振荡强度减弱,赤道太平洋区域200hPa(850hPa)风场季内振荡在赤道东太平洋增强(减弱),在印度洋东南部—印尼—中西太平洋的暖池区域减弱(增强),促进了ElNino事件的增强。对流层高低层风场季内振荡强度年际异常与ElNino事件关系密切,这一特征在低层(850hPa)风场表现更显著。在事件发展初期,热带中西太平洋区域850hPa风场季内振荡异常增强并东移,事件发生之后这些区域能量减弱。大气季内振荡可能是ElNino事件的激发因素。 相似文献
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为了探讨对流强度大小对雷暴云内微物理发展和起电过程的影响,基于已有的二维积云起、放电模式,改变其扰动温度进行敏感性试验。试验结果表明:对流强度对雷暴云内微物理过程、起电率及后续电荷结构的产生均有一定程度的影响:1)对流强度较小时,冰晶粒子极大值在高温区(高于-13.8℃)出现,对流强度较大时,上升风明显增强,将更多的水汽带入高空,气溶胶活化过程明显增强,使得云滴粒子明显增多,冰晶粒子较早产生,冰晶粒子极大值在低温区(低于-13.8℃)出现,发展过程更为剧烈;同时,较高的对流强度也使得降雨量增多,霰粒子数目也在对流发展旺盛时期显著增多。2)非感应起电率主要和冰晶-霰的碰并分离过程有关,对流强度较大时,非感应起电率较大,电荷结构持续时间较长,过程明显,感应起电率也较强。3)对流强度较大时,电荷结构更为复杂,雷暴云发展初期基本呈现为三极性,发展旺盛时期底部正电荷区域嵌入一个较小的负电荷区,呈现四极性电荷结构,雷暴云发展末期基本呈现偶极性电荷结构;对流强度较小时,发展初期、旺盛时期均呈现三极性电荷结构,发展末期呈现偶极性电荷结构。 相似文献
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武汉市城市热岛强度非对称性变化 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
利用武汉市区气象站及其周边4个县气象站1960-2005年的气温资料,计算了46 a及分时段的季节和年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率及其贡献率。结果表明:46 a来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以上升趋势为主,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小,甚至下降;冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢,甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性。 城市热岛效应也存在增强趋势,以年平均、最低和最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235℃/10 a、0.425℃/10 a和0.034℃/10 a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%和21.8%,这是第二类非对称性。 46 a来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是最近23 a快速增温所致,进入本世纪增温进一步加剧。
摘要 计算了武汉市气象站、周边4县气象站平均的1960~2005年间以及前后两半时段四季和年平均、最高、最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率和贡献率。结果表明:1)46年来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以增趋势为主,平均气温倾向率为正,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小甚至下降,冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性;2)城市热岛效应也存在增趋势,以年平均、最低、最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235、0.425、0.034 ℃/10a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%、21.8%,这是第二类非对称性,3)46年来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是后23年快速增温所致,前23年气温变化不明显。武汉市气象站气温资料严重地保留着城市化影响,建议尽快迁站。
关键词 城市热岛强度 最高气温 最低气温 非对称性变化 相似文献