底栖有孔虫对厦门YunDang湖污染的监测作用

１９９２年１１月至１９９３年８月对厦门ＹｕｎＤａｎｇ湖及厦门西港部分海域底栖有孔虫及相关的环境化学要素进行了４个季度月的调查，发现ＹｕｎＤａｎｇ湖的底栖有孔虫可分为三个群落，即正常群落、半污染群落和污染群落，分别代表了湖内不同污染程度环境，同时发现了底栖有孔虫的耐污种类和对污染敏感种类，它们具有指示环境的意义。     

南海东沙海域HD319岩心富甲烷环境底栖有孔虫群落结构

对南海东北部东沙海域HD319岩心富甲烷环境和非富甲烷环境底栖有孔虫进行对比研究,旨在探讨富甲烷环境对底栖有孔虫群落结构的影响。结果表明,该岩心富甲烷环境和非富甲烷环境的底栖有孔虫组成有所差异:富甲烷缺氧环境底栖有孔虫群落中耐低氧类内生种群占绝对优势,Uvigerina(U.peregerina,U.hispido-costata,U.rugosa,U.probscidea,U.spp.),Bulimina(B.aculeata,B.mexicana),Bolivina(B.bradyi,B.quad-rilatera),Globocassidulina subglobosa,Brizalina superba,Hoglundina elegans等冷泉甲烷相关种大量出现;非富甲烷一般低氧环境下底栖有孔虫以内生种含量占优势,表生种和旋向种零星出现;富氧环境下底栖有孔虫以表生种和旋向种占优势,受有机碳含量变化控制明显。推测底栖有孔虫这种群落结构的差异是适应高甲烷含量的结果,底栖有孔虫对富甲烷环境的响应通过群落结构的差异表现出来。     

北黄海表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫分布与海洋环境

对2006年8月取自北黄海的302个表层沉积物样品中的底栖有孔虫群落进行了分析,结果表明:北黄海底栖有孔虫群落以适应低温、低盐的冷水种和广温、广盐种为主,胶结质壳底栖有孔虫含量明显高于我国其他海区。利用Q型因子分析提取了5个主因子,通过将主因子代表的底栖有孔虫组合与环境影响因子之间的对比印证,揭示了其内在联系,北黄海底栖有孔虫分布的决定性因素是表层沉积物的粒度,而温度和盐度则起到次要作用,该海区水深变化对底栖有孔虫分布的影响没有明显的规律性。     

冷泉甲烷渗漏环境底栖有孔虫研究回顾与前景

综述了与天然气水合物有关的冷泉甲烷渗漏环境底栖有孔虫研究成果与应用.冷泉甲烷渗漏环境是区别于一般深海环境的特殊微环境,随着天然气水合物勘探的深入和设备的更新,越来越多的冷泉被发现,冷泉底栖有孔虫的研究随之展开.生活在冷泉环境下的底栖有孔虫群落尤其适应高有机质、低氧、有甲烷释放的特定环境,并能将水合物甲烷碳同位素值异常低...     

珠江口外表层沉积物底栖有孔虫组合及其与环境的关系

对珠江口外CJ14区块250个站位的表层沉积物进行底栖有孔虫分析,共发现底栖有孔虫118种,其中玻璃壳质80种,瓷质壳质21种,胶结壳质17种。有孔虫丰度基本随水深变深而增大。为研究底栖有孔虫分布与沉积环境之间的关系,对底栖有孔虫含量进行Q型因子分析,并选取前4个主因子,分别对应4个有孔虫组合。它们总共解释了总方差的86.2%,基本上反映了沉积物中有孔虫的群落结构。研究表明,水深和盐度是影响珠江口表层沉积物中有孔虫组合分布的控制因素,其他影响因素主要包括沉积物类型、水动力条件和沉积速率。水动力条件主要影响有孔虫的含量;沉积速率主要影响有孔虫的丰度。     

冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其与海洋环境的关系

对1999年6月采自冲绳海槽北部的62个表层沉积物样品进行了底栖有孔虫分析。研究表明，该区属种多为中外陆架和上部陆坡常见底栖有孔虫，其中Cibicides pseudoungerianus在研究区域内广泛分布。底栖有孔虫群落明显受研究区水团的制约，该区底栖有孔虫Q型因子分析反映的4个组合分别对应不同的水团影响：组合1以Cibicides pseudoungerianus、Uvigerina sp.、Ammonia ketienziensis、Textularia pseudocarinata为主，代表陆架混合水团影响环境；组合2以Uvigerina peregrina、Beregrina、Bulimina mexicana、Bulimina submarginata、Globocassidulina subglobosa为主，代表黑潮暖流中层水影响下的环境；组合3以喜营养分子Bulimina marginata和Bolivina robusta为主，代表冷涡沉积和上升流沉积区的环境；组合4以Cibicides pseudoungerianus、Globocassidulina subglobosa为主，代表了对马暖流水团影响下的环境，其中水团的氧含量水平和营养状况是影响底栖有孔虫组合变化的主要因素。底栖有孔虫的丰度从西往东依次出现两个丰度高值带，一个位于研究区西部100—140m水深的陆架区，另一个位于400—600m水深的上陆坡，后者可能反映了冲绳海槽大陆坡普遍发育的陆坡上升流现象。     

南沙群岛永暑礁小Xi湖岩心有孔虫动物群及其沉积环境

根据永暑礁小Xi湖“南永3”井高分辨率的岩心材料，结合其高精度TIMS U系测年，系统研究了1682aB.P.以来环礁Xi湖沉积柱样的有孔虫分类、类型与属种的组成，揭示了其垂直变化。有孔虫共48属62种，都是全新世一现代种，其中底栖有孔虫55种。其组成表征了印度洋－太平洋有孔虫区系和 热带珊瑚礁相环境。即使由温凉水种浮游有孔虫偏多的时段所反映的表层水温也相对偏低，推测其变化幅度很小。底栖有孔虫茸刺距轮虫δ^18O含量的变化曲线呈4峰4谷交替，反映了永暑礁海区近1682a以来的气候有4个凉期和4个暖期，同2000a以来的全球气候变化周期一致。有孔虫种类的垂向变化也反映了海平面有些小变动。     

南海神狐海域含水合物层底栖有孔虫群落结构与同位素组成

为评价水合物甲烷对底栖有孔虫群落结构和同位素的影响,对南海北部神狐海域获取天然气水合物的钻孔BY3岩心,进行底栖有孔虫群落结构和稳定同位素分析,发现含水合物层底栖有孔虫丰度、分异度下降,群落中以内生种占绝对优势,有孔虫破碎率增加;与不含水合物层中的底栖有孔虫相比,含水合物层的底栖有孔虫碳同位素值出现较明显的负偏移。含水合物层中的Uvigerinaspp.、Cibicidesspp.和Oridorsalisspp.的δ13C平均值分别为-1.61‰、-0.79‰和-1.80‰,而在不含水合物层它们的δ13C平均值分别为-0.88‰、-0.27‰和-1.04‰;其中Uvigerinaspp.和Oridorsalisspp.的δ13C最轻值均出现在含水合物层,分别为-1.83‰和-2.29‰。这些说明底栖有孔虫在生长和埋藏过程中可能受到沉积物中甲烷水合物形成和演化的影响。     

闽南-台湾浅滩表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其环境特征

本文分析了闽南-台湾浅滩表层沉积物样品中的底栖有孔虫计有132属、328种。根据种类组成及分布特征,可将海区划分为6个动物群区,每个动物群区各有自己的环境特点。文中分析了动物群种类组成特征与其所赋存的环境之间的关系,并讨论了浅滩西南303站底栖有孔虫的分布与上升流的关系。     

黄河口及邻近海域底栖群落健康及生境适宜性评价

根据2013年10月黄河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物、水和沉积环境数据,应用Multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI)指数评价了该海域的底栖群落健康和生境状况,通过分析底栖群落健康和生境质量的环境限制因子,本文对研究水域底栖生境的适宜性进行了评价。结果表明,本航次在研究海域共采集到45种大型底栖动物,分属于5个类群,其中多毛类占明显优势,底栖动物以生态组EGI和EGII为主。36.4%的站位底栖群落健康处于良好等级,18.2%的站位处于差的等级,其余各站位处于中等。主成分和相关分析结果显示,M-AMBI指数能敏感地响应底栖生境环境受扰动和污染的状况,水体水深、盐度和溶解无机氮,以及沉积物石油烃和硫化物等是限制底栖群落健康和生境质量的主要因子。根据限制性环境因子,本文对黄河口及邻近海域底栖生境的适宜性进行了划分。在水深较浅、盐度较低和污染相对较重的河口及近岸区域不适宜底栖动物的栖息;在水深较深、盐度较高和无明显污染的近海区域较适宜大型底栖群落的栖息和健康。     

Benthic foraminifera for heavy metal pollution monitoring: A case study from the central Adriatic Sea coast of Italy

Benthic foraminifera are increasingly used as environmental bio-indicators of pollution in coastal and marginal marine settings. Their community structure provides information on the general characteristics of the environment and some species are sensitive to specific environmental parameters. Among various criteria, the occurrence of test abnormalities may represent a useful bioindicator for monitoring environmental impacts in coastal regions. A study of living benthic foraminifera was carried out in 42 sediment samples collected from the central Adriatic coast of Italy. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from this area are rich, well preserved, and dominated by Ammonia parkinsoniana, and subordinately by Ammonia tepida, Aubignyna perlucida, Eggerella scabra, and Nonionella turgida. Heavy metal concentrations have been analysed which indicate low polluted environmental conditions. Foraminiferal species and heavy metal concentrations were investigated both with bivariate (correlation matrix) and multivariate techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Statistical analysis shows a possible control of these pollutants both on the taxonomic composition of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the development of test malformations. Increasing heavy metal contents lead to an increase in relative abundance of A. tepida A. perlucida, N. turgida and E. scabra, and a relative concurrent decrease in relative abundance of A. parkinsoniana and higher percentages of deformed specimens (FAI) and species (FMI). Our results confirm that A. parkinsoniana prefers clean to low polluted environments and show that it is a very sensitive and un-tolerant species to heavy metal pollution being deeply affected by heavy metal content even at low concentrations. Our findings also confirm the capacity of the A. tepida to tolerate increasing heavy metal concentrations, and highlights that A. perlucida, N. turgida and E. scabra can be considered as tolerant species at least in low polluted environments. Following this, A. parkinsoniana and A. tepida can be reciprocally considered good bioindicator of heavy metal pollution over the surveyed area. The development of test abnormalities with a variety of malformations is a noticeable feature over the study area where the living deformed assemblages are largely dominated by a few species. The low percentages of deformed specimens (Foraminiferal Abnormality Index up to 4.7, with 2 on average) match well with the low concentrations of heavy metals that lead to low polluted environmental conditions. This study confirms and supports the suitability of studying benthic foraminifera as a technique for the in situ continuous bio-monitoring of heavy metal pollution of coastal marine sediments.     

厦门筼筜湖综合治理的生态效果

本文报道了1993年厦门湖生态调查的结果，并与1982年比较，评价了10a来综合治理的生态效果，同时分析了目前水生生物种类、数量、群落结构和生态特征及水质指标与渔业水质标准的差距，指出当前湖水体仍属严重污染，生态仍较脆弱，还提出了进一步强化治理的4点建议。     

厦门筼筜湖水产生物体内重金属含量及评价

根据2001年7月厦门筼筜湖的水生生态环境调查资料,着重分析了筼筜湖鱼类、虾类、蟹类体内重金属的含量分布。结果表明:筼筜湖内的蟹类体内Cu,Pb,Cd和Zn的含量明显高于虾类和鱼类。文中还根据我国《食品中铜、铅、镉、锌限量卫生标准》,对15种水产生物体内的重金属污染程度进行评价,结果筼筜湖的鱼类和虾类体内的重金属含量基本未超标,但蟹类体内的Pb,Cd含量已超标。     

基于多种生物指数的中国渤海莱州湾海域底栖生境健康评价

As an important part of the Bohai economic rim, the Laizhou Bay has been stressed by serious eco-environmental problems in recent years. In this study, the Shannon-Wiener index(H′), AZTI's marine biotic index(AMBI) and the multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI) were used to assess the ecological quality status(EQS) of the Laizhou Bay according to macrobenthos data collected annually in August 2011–2014. The results showed that the overall benthic habitat quality in the Laizhou Bay was assessed as "Good". However, 25% of the samples were classified as"Moderate", "Bad" or "Poor" status under degraded conditions. Ecological group Ⅲ(EGⅢ) species which had a certain tolerance to environmental disturbances had a higher proportion in each station, and most of them had appeared the pollution indicator species Capitella capitata. This indicated that the benthic habitat in the Laizhou Bay had been disturbed and polluted to some extent. The comparison of the three indices evaluation result and the RDA analysis showed that the H′ and M-AMBI were more suitable when the relative abundance of the single species was high and the macrobenthic community was significantly imbalanced; when the relative abundance of opportunistic species(EGIV and EGV) was high, the AMBI and M-AMBI could reflected the EQS objectively; in an undisturbed and polluted environment, all the three indices could indicate the benthic habitats quality. In summary, the better correlation between the three indices and environmental factors showed that they were well responsive to the tendency of the benthic habitats quality in the Laizhou Bay.     

Foraminifera from the continental slope off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

The recent benthic meiofaunal foraminiferal assemblage from the continental slope (590-2 003 m) off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina exhibits high species richness and evenness, moderate diversity values, and lacks numerically dominant species. The preserved planktic assemblage has relatively low species richness, high evenness, low diversity, and a few numerically dominant species. Approximately 9% of the benthic species are those that typically live within continental shelf depth ranges. The benthic assemblage abundances and diversities do not follow depth patterns or geophysical characteristics. No biogeographic boundary can be described within the study area for meiofaunal foraminifera. Oxygen limitation does not appear to be a factor affecting the benthos of the North Carolina continental slope based upon the community structure of the benthic foraminifera, if total assemblage is assumed to reflect the recently living community. The high carbonate content of sediments in the area may be explained by foraminiferal tests. Within the study area, the foraminiferal assemblages are uniform, and probably reflect relative consistency of primary environmental variables as well as dynamic downslope transport and high influx of material from the water column in the vicinity where the Gulf Stream and the Western Boundary Undercurrent cross.     

The response of benthic foraminifera and ostracoda to heavy metal pollution in Gulf of Izmir (Eastern Aegean Sea)

Benthic foraminifera can be used as environmental bioindicators, especially in polluted environments where their sensitivity to pollutants may be expressed by a modification in the assemblage. Nineteen sediment samples were collected in November 2002 from surficial sediments of the Gulf of Izmir (Turkey). The Gulf of Izmir is located in Western Turkey and surrounded by a densely populated community. The gulf has been contaminated by numerous heavy metals, but geochemical analyses have shown that metals are significant pollutants only in the inner part of the gulf. Outer and Middle Sections showed low levels of heavy metals, except the estuary of Gediz River. Eight heavy metals have been analyzed in all the sampling points. Sixty-seven foraminifer and 22 ostracod species were identified in 16 sediment samples. Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between foraminifera species and heavy metals. The most polluted Inner Sections are dominated by the tolerant species Ammonia tepida that may be used as pollution indicator. The gradient observed in heavy metal concentrations between the Outer and Inner Sections has a prevalent influence on the foraminiferal distribution. There is a gradient of the number of species, increasing from the Inner Section toward the Outer Section. The occurrence of test abnormalities among foraminifera may represent a useful biomarker for evaluating long-term environmental impacts in a coastal region.     

红树林区底栖动物污染生态学研究进展

综述了底栖动物污染生态学研究的现状。目前有关底栖动物的污染生态学研究主要有以下几个方面：（1）污染物在底栖动物体中含量测定及一些污染物在底栖动物中累积分布的研究。（2）污染物对底栖动物生理特性影响的研究。（3）污染物如城市污水对底栖动物群落的影响研究。（4）底栖动物在水质和底质污染中的监测应用。分别综合和评述了红树林底栖动物污染生态学在重金属、城市污水和有机物污染对红树林区底栖动物的生态效应等方面的研究现状。提出今后红树林区底栖动物污染生态学的研究，应着重生态毒理学和实验生态学的研究。     

Benthic habitat quality change as measured by macroinfauna community in a tidal flat on the west coast of Korea

Yellow Sea tidal flats are internationally recognised for their contribution to biological diversity and yet are under enormous pressure from reclamation, pollution and overexploitation. The benthic macroinfauna community is the dominant community on these tidal flats and a reliable indicator of benthic environmental changes. We surveyed the current benthic macroinfauna community of the Ganghwa Southern Tidal Flat, the largest remaining Korean mud flat in the Yellow Sea, in order to examine changes in the environmental situation of this benthic ecosystem. The results show a significant decline in species diversity from the last survey made in 2003, and a shift in species composition with appearances of polychaetes indicative of pollution and physical disturbances and other opportunistic species becoming dominant in both density and biomass. The benthic community shift observed during the two study periods may be associated with increased nutrient pollution as well as increased physical disturbances in this area. However, we recognise the limitations of the data both in frequency and scope but believe the significant changes to the composition of the benthic fauna are sufficient to warrant concern. Observations are required to examine the extent to which these human activities induce benthic community shift in this tidal flat.     

Spatial and long-term temporal variation of meiobenthic-hyperbenthic copepods in Lake Pontchartrain,Louisiana

The distribution and abundance of the meiobenthic-hyperbenthic copepods of Lake Pontchartrain (a large, 1630 km², shallow, mean depth of 3·7m, brackish, 0·3–5‰, lake in Southeastern Louisiana) were characterized monthly from August 1978 to August 1979. Ten stations, all with water depth > 2m, were established and sampled quantitatively by removing four benthic subsamples (containing as much as 25 cm overlying water) from replicated box cores. Averaged across stations over time, total copepod densities ranged from 31–89 × 10 cm^?2. A total of only 15 copepod species were identified from benthic samples; 8 harpacticoids, 4 cyclopoids and 3 calanoids. The copepod assemblage in Pontchartrain differs from all other known benthic assemblages in that the species composition is dominated by species which are often associated with the water column; true infaunal species are rare or found in reduced abundance. Four species comprised 90% of all individuals collected. All four are epibenthic or commonly collected as zooplankton and include Scottolana canadensis which comprised 47% of all individuals collected, Halicyclops fosteri which dominated fall collections, Acartia tonsa and Pseudobradya sp. Burrowing species were largely restricted to the more saline eastern stations. The rarity of burrowing species might be related to low salinity, however the highly unstable bottom in Pontchartrain with silty-clayey sediments commonly resuspended into the water column, may also influence burrowers. Cluster analysis reveals diffuse seasonal grouping of stations for all seasons except fall, with spatial groupings from the central and western sides. Physical processes appear to dictate the community structure of benthic-hyperbenthic copepods in Lake Pontchartrain.     

白令海和楚科奇海表层沉积中的有孔虫及其沉积环境

通过对白令海和北冰洋楚科奇海39个表层沉积样品中有孔虫的定量分析,发现表层沉积中浮游有孔虫稀少可能与该区表层生产力低、碳酸盐溶解作用较强有关,而底栖有孔虫的分布则主要受表层初级生产力以及与水深相关的碳酸盐溶解作用和水团性质所控制,其中北冰洋楚科奇海陆架区有孔虫以Elphidium spp.组合和Nonionella robusta组合为主,丰度和分异度低,受北冰洋沿岸水团控制;白令海陆坡区有孔虫以Uvigerina peregrina-Globobulimina affinis组合为主,含N.robusta较多,丰度和分异度相对高,受太平洋中层和深层水团控制,但该区碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度(CCD)相对浅,约分别位于2000和3800m处.此外,白令海陆坡上部表层沉积中含有北冰洋陆坡区典型深水底栖有孔虫种Stetsonia arctica,说明白令海峡两侧的海区曾有深部水交流.