大兴安岭岔路口斑岩钼矿床流体成分及成矿意义

岔路口超大型斑岩型钼矿床位于大兴安岭北段,以网脉状和角砾岩型矿化为主.该矿床经历了4个成矿阶段:Ⅰ.石英-钾长石;Ⅱ.石英-辉钼矿;Ⅲ.石英-多金属硫化物;Ⅳ.石英-萤石-方解石.包裹体的岩相学及激光拉曼研究揭示,石英斑晶内的熔体-流体包裹体中熔体成分有更长石和钠长石,为岩浆出溶作用形成;子矿物多相包裹体(S型)中含有钾盐、石盐、赤铁矿和石膏等子矿物,显示出成矿流体为高氧逸度.第Ⅰ成矿阶段包裹体有气液两相(L+V型)、富CO₂三相(C型)和含石盐、钾盐、赤铁矿及硬石膏等子矿物的多相(S型)等类型,第Ⅱ成矿阶段除了有L+V型、C型以及含钾盐、石盐、黄铜矿和辉钼矿等子矿物多相(S型)外,还可以见到S型包裹体与气相包裹体(V型)共存;第Ⅲ成矿阶段以L+V型和含方解石的S型包裹体为主;第Ⅳ成矿阶段除见到L+V型包裹体外,还可以见到液相包裹体(L型).显微测温结果显示从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度从530 ℃变为120 ℃、盐度从66.7% NaCl equiv变为1.2% NaCl equiv,呈现逐渐降低的趋势.群体包裹体成分显示各阶段均含有气相CO₂,液相成分中Na+,K+,Ca2+,SO₄2-,Cl-含量很高,而F-含量极少.成矿流体总体属于富含CO₂的高盐度、高氧逸度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系,在流体演化过程中温度、氧逸度、盐度和CO₂含量逐渐降低.温度、盐度、CO₂含量逐渐降低及绢云母化影响了矿石沉淀.      

大兴安岭北段岔路口和大黑山斑岩型钼矿床硫、铅同位素特征

岔路口和大黑山钼矿床位于大兴安岭北段,是近年来新发现的2个斑岩型钼矿床。文章通过对这2个矿床的硫、铅同位素的研究,探讨了成矿物质来源。岔路口矿区硫化物的δ34S值为1.8‰~2.9‰,平均2.4‰;大黑山矿区硫化物的δ34S值变化于0.4‰~2.3‰,平均1.53‰,均显示出典型的岩浆硫特征。岔路口矿区硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值分别变化于18.311~18.356、15.536~15.573和38.115~38.229,大黑山矿区硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值则分别变化于18.341~18.719、15.529~15.637和38.033~38.363。铅同位素进一步指示铅的来源与燕山期岩浆作用有关。在铅同位素构造模式图中,矿石铅主要投点于地幔演化线和造山带演化线之间,表明铅来自于壳幔物质的混合。大兴安岭北段在晚侏罗世受古太平洋板块俯冲的影响,发生了强烈的壳、幔相互作用并产生了大量含钼岩浆,为该区斑岩型钼矿床的形成奠定了基础。     

陕西金堆城斑岩钼矿床成矿流体研究

陕西金堆城斑岩钼矿床是中国最大的钼矿床之一,按照脉体相互切割关系,成矿过程可分为两期十个阶段。矿区内流体包裹体研究表明：成矿流体以富CO2为特征,温度介于83℃～142℃之间,盐度介于27.5～42.5wt％NaCl两个区间内,具有典型的双配分模式特征。氢氧同位素特征研究表明成矿物质主要来源于岩浆流体。晚阶段有大量雨水混入热液流体中,导致流体的温度、盐度和δ18OH2O、δD值下降,引起了成矿流体中的钼金属沉淀,形成了金堆城超大型斑岩钼矿床。     

大兴安岭北段岔路口斑岩钼矿床成矿年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义

黑龙江省岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中,晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切。6件辉钼矿样品的铼-锇等时线年龄为（148±1）Ma。中侏罗世二长花岗岩属钾玄岩系列,w（SiO₂）为69.48% ~ 74.98%,w（Al₂O₃）为12.35%~14.48%,w（K₂O+Na₂O）为7.67%~10.42%,K₂O/Na₂O比值介于1.07~2.81。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有较弱的铕负异常,HFSE和LILE分异明显,Rb、K等元素富集,Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素亏损,显示正ε_Hf（t）值;晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩属钾玄岩系列,而细粒花岗岩属高钾钙碱性系列,w（SiO₂）为73.87%~78.95%,w（Al₂O₃）为10.35%~13.47%,w（K₂O+Na₂O）为8.06%~10.02%,K₂O/Na₂O比值介于1.03~8.20。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有明显的铕负异常,HFSE和LILE分异明显,Rb、K、Th等元素富集,P、Ti、Ba、Sr等元素亏损,显示正ε_Hf（t）值。二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、石英斑岩及细粒花岗岩均为高硅、富碱的高分异I型花岗岩,岩浆源区组成类似,主要来自于新元古代期间亏损地幔增生的年轻下地壳物质。岔路口斑岩钼矿床是晚侏罗世大陆内部构造-岩浆活化的产物,形成于蒙古-鄂霍次克造山带后碰撞伸展环境,同时,可能受到古太平洋板块俯冲诱发的弧后伸展作用的叠加。     

河南省商城县汤家坪钼矿床地质和流体包裹体研究

河南省商城县汤家坪钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床。其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-钾长石-磁铁矿-辉钼矿-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐±黄铁矿组合为标志。石英中可见水溶液包裹体、CO₂-H₂O型包裹体、纯CO₂包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但晚阶段石英中只有水溶液包裹体。早阶段和中阶段还发育特殊的含子晶的CO₂包裹体,这在以往的斑岩型矿床中鲜有报道。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度>375℃,盐度最高可达62.10％NaCl_eqv,包裹体内含大量指示氧化条件的赤铁矿子晶以及一些石盐、钾盐、黄铜矿、脆硫锑铅矿子晶。中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在235~335℃,盐度为1.06％~45.87％NaCl_eqv。除石盐、钾盐子晶外,还含大量黄铜矿、脆硫锑铅矿子晶,表明中阶段还原性较强。晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在115~195℃,盐度较低,介于1.91％~9.98％NaCl_eqv。中阶段强烈的流体沸腾作用是导致成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制。总之,初始成矿流体为岩浆热液,以高温、高盐度、高氧化性、富CO₂、高金属元素含量为特征;中阶段流体发生沸腾,导致CO₂逃逸,氧化性降低,成矿物质快速沉淀;晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、无子晶、贫CO₂为特征,属于大气降水热液。汤家坪钼矿床发育特殊的含子晶的CO₂包裹体,可作为大陆碰撞造山带产出富含CO₂的斑岩成矿系统的典型实例。     

陕西省华县金堆城斑岩型钼矿床流体包裹体研究

陕西省华县金堆城钼矿床位于东秦岭钼矿带西部,形成于燕山期大陆碰撞体制.矿体产出于金堆城花岗斑岩体内部及其内外接触带.流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-钾长石组合、石英-(钾长石)-多金属硫化物-(碳酸盐)组合和石英-碳酸盐组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段.早、中阶段石英中可见纯CO_2包裹体(PC型)、CO_2-H_2O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型),但晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体(W型).早阶段C型和W型包裹体均一温度集中于280～370℃,盐度为5.68～11.05 wt%NaCl.eqv;中阶段C型和W型流体包裹体均一温度集中于170～270℃,盐度为5.14～12.63 wt%NaCl.eqv.早、中阶段石英中见S型包裹体,加热过程中子矿物不溶.晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于110～1900C,盐度介于7.17%～11.22 wt%NaCl.eqv之间.估算的早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为143～243MPa和22～115MPa,推测成矿深度约为2.2～8.1km.金堆城钼矿的成矿流体以富CO_2、贫Cl~-为特征.     

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区大黑山钼矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿机制探讨

大黑山钼矿床位于黑龙江省大兴安岭北段,是一个与花岗闪长岩有关的钼矿床。根据矿物组合和脉体穿插关系,将成矿过程划分为4个阶段:石英-钾长石阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-辉钼矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ)。流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温以及显微激光拉曼探针研究显示,该矿床成矿流体为H2O-NaCl-CO2体系,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段均可见水溶液包裹体(L+V型)、含子晶多相包裹体(S型)和含CO2包裹体(C型);而第Ⅳ阶段仅发育水溶液包裹体(L+V型)和纯液相包裹体(L型)。成矿流体演化从早到晚,流体包裹体的均一温度峰值分别为:330~430,320~360,280~340,180~240℃,呈现逐步降低的趋势;对应的盐度w(NaCleq)分别为5.86%~54.10%,4.07%~51.70%,3.23%~46.20%和0.70%~9.08%,也逐步降低。主成矿阶段的流体最低捕获压力为17~58 MPa,对应的成矿深度约为1.7~5.8km。成矿流体的δ18Ow值为-5.8‰~4.2‰,δDW值为-139.8‰~-127.2‰,成矿流体可能为岩浆水与雨水的混合流体。主成矿阶段发生了流体沸腾作用,使CO2大量逸出,导致流体还原性增强,造成大量MoS2的沉淀而形成钼矿床。     

内蒙古兴和县曹四夭超大型斑岩钼矿床流体包裹体和氢-氧同位素研究

曹四夭钼矿床位于内蒙古兴和县,是近年来在华北克拉通北缘发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床。矿体主要赋存于中生代花岗斑岩与中太古界集宁群变质岩接触带靠近变质岩一侧,成矿与晚侏罗世正长花岗斑岩密切相关。该矿床的成矿过程可以划分为3个阶段:石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段、石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,曹四夭钼矿床主要发育富液包裹体(WL型)、富气包裹体(WG型)、H2O-CO2包裹体(C型)和含子矿物包裹体(S型)。正长花岗斑岩的石英斑晶内发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,其均一温度介于385~550℃,w(Na Cleq)介于8.0%~65.0%,属H2O-Na Cl-CO2-CH4体系;石英-辉钼矿阶段的石英内亦发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,其均一温度介于243~401℃,w(Na Cleq)介于6.0%~40.7%,属H2O-Na Cl-CO2±CH4体系;石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段的石英内主要发育WL型和S型包裹体,亦有少量WG型和C型包裹体,其均一温度介于208~336℃,w(Na Cleq)介于1.2%~34.1%,属H2O-Na Cl±CO2体系;石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段的石英内仅发育WL型包裹体,其均一温度为124~196℃,w(Na Cleq)介于3.9%~13.2%,属H2O-Na Cl体系。曹四夭钼矿床石英-辉钼矿阶段和石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段成矿热液的δ18O水值介于4.1‰~7.5‰,δDV-SMOW值为-96.0‰~-76.9‰;石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段成矿热液的δ18O水值介于-2.9‰~-0.5‰,δDV-SMOW值介于-112.2‰~-77.7‰。表明钼成矿阶段的流体主要来自岩浆水,而石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段有明显的大气降水注入。石英-辉钼矿阶段和石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段的流体均为不混溶流体,流体的多次沸腾和氧逸度的降低是矿质沉淀的2种主要机制。     

新疆东天山白山钼矿床流体包裹体研究

白山钼矿位于东天山觉罗塔格成矿带东段,是新疆极具代表性的大型-超大型斑岩钼矿.根据矿物共生组合和脉体穿插关系,脉体发育顺序依次为:早期石英-钾长石脉、石英-钾长石-辉钼矿脉、石英-辉钼矿脉、石英-多金属硫化物脉和晚期石英-碳酸盐-萤石脉.早期石英-钾长石脉中主要发育纯CH4包裹体(PC型)、CH4-H2O型包裹体(C1型)和水溶液包裹体(W型),均一温度集中在320 ～420℃,盐度为1.98％ ～ 8.79％ NaCleqv;石英-钾长石-辉钼矿脉中发育含子晶包裹体(S型)和W型包裹体,均一温度集中在260～ 400℃,盐度为1.49％～8.65％ NaCleqv;石英-辉钼矿脉和石英-多金属硫化物脉发育W型、S型和CO2-H2O型包裹体(C2型),均一温度分别为200～ 240℃和140 ～ 240℃,盐度分别为2.14％ ～8.10％ NaCleqv和0.33％～ 10.22％ NaCleqv,不包括不熔子矿物的贡献;晚期石英-碳酸盐-萤石脉只发育W型包裹体,均一温度和盐度明显下降,分别为100～ 160℃和0.17％～4.86％ NaCleqv.估算的石英-钾长石脉体和石英-多金属硫化物脉形成压力分别为105 ～ 221 MPa和15 ～ 285MPa.成矿流体由高温、富碳质、还原的岩浆流体向低温、低盐度、贫碳质的大气降水热液演化.成矿阶段温度下降,早期流体中的CH4还原HMoO4-的高价钼,从而形成辉钼矿,可能是导致成矿物质沉淀的重要因素.     

吉林大黑山斑岩型钼矿床流体包裹体研究

吉林大黑山钼矿床位于兴蒙造山带东缘,为一典型的超大型斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产于花岗闪长斑岩岩体内。矿床的成矿阶段包括石英-黄铁矿、石英-磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿、石英-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐化5个阶段。流体包裹体研究结果表明:流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相和纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子矿物的三相包裹体。流体包裹体的均一温度为160℃~417.6℃,盐度为4.48%~41.05%。从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体的温度具有规律的演化,均一温度分别为400℃~417.6℃,340℃~378℃,230℃~340℃,218℃,160℃~185℃。其中含子矿物三相包裹体均一温度为320℃~405℃,盐度为34.43%~41.05%,密度为0.94g/cm3~1.03g/cm3;气液两相包裹体均一温度为160℃~417.6℃,盐度为4.48%~13.55%,密度为0.62g/cm3~0.97g/cm3。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体成分主要为CO2。氢氧同位素研究结果显示,该矿床的成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,后期有大气水的加入。流体沸腾是大黑山钼矿床成矿的重要机制。     

黑龙江岔路口钼多金属矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及地质意义

岔路口矿床是迄今为止在中国北方发现的最大规模钼多金属矿床,钼、铅锌和银的储量分别为134万t、37万t和4200 t.考虑到大规模地质勘查工作仍在进行中,金属储量的增加只是个时间问题.为了进一步查明岔路口矿床的形成时间,笔者对主要钼多金属矿体8件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析,所获同位素等时线年龄为(146.96±0...     

Discriminating characters of ore-forming intrusions in the super-large Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit,NE China

The Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, located in the Great Hinggan Range, is the largest Mo deposit in northeast China, although the age and genesis of the associated magmatic intrusions remain debated.Here we report zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements, whole rock geochemistry and Sre Nd isotope data with a view to understand the relationship between the magmatism and molybdenum mineralization.Zircon U-Pb analysis yield an age of 475 Ma for rhyolite in the older strata, 168 Ma for the premineralization monzogranite, and 154 Ma for the syn-mineralization granite porphyry. The granite porphyry and quartz porphyry are considered as the ore-forming intrusions. These rocks are peraluminous, alkali-calcic, and belong to high-K to shoshonitic series with a strong depletion of Eu. They also display characteristics of I-type granites. The rocks exhibit wide variations of(87 Sr/86 Sr)iin the range of 0.705426 -0.707363, and ε_(Nd)(t) of -3.7 to 0.93. Zircon REE distribution patterns show characteristics between crust and the mantle, implying magma genesis through crust-mantle interaction. The Fe_2O_3/FeO values(average 1) for the whole rock and EuN/Eu*Nvalues(average 0.45), Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+) values(average 301)for zircon grains from the granite porphyry are higher than those from other lithologies. These features suggest that the ore-forming intrusions(syn-mineralization porphyry) had higher oxygen fugacity conditions than those of the pre-mineralization and post-mineralization rocks. The Chalukou Mo deposit formed in relation to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Our study suggests that the subduction-related setting, crust-mantle interaction, and the large-scale magmatic intrusion were favorable factors to generate the super-large Mo deposits in this area.     

黑龙江省多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床成矿流体特征及演化

黑龙江省多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床位于小兴安岭西北部,是中亚-兴蒙造山带北东段最大的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,矿体产于加里东期花岗闪长岩和中奥陶世多宝山组安山岩、凝灰岩中。铜矿化与绢英岩化关系密切,而钼矿化主要产于钾硅化带中。矿区内脉体广泛发育,从早到晚依次为:石英+钾长石脉、早阶段石英+辉钼矿脉、晚阶段石英+辉钼矿脉、石英+黄铜矿+黄铁矿脉、石英+黄铁矿脉和方解石+石英脉。脉石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,包括气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯气相包裹体(G型)、含CO2三相包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)。石英+钾长石脉中仅发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度峰值﹥550℃、盐度为16.2%～18.1%NaCleqv;早阶段石英+辉钼矿脉中发育大量气液两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,并见少量含CO2三相包裹体,均一温度集中在350～450℃、盐度变化于1.1%～﹥65.3%NaCleqv;晚阶段石英+辉钼矿脉体发育大量含CO2三相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,另有少量气液两相包裹体,均一温度集中在270～350℃、盐度为0.8%～42.4%NaCleqv;石英+黄铜矿+黄铁矿脉中发育丰富的气液两相包裹体,见少量含子矿物多相包裹体、含CO2三相包裹体和纯气相包裹体,均一温度峰值在230～330℃、盐度为0.8%～42.4%NaCleqv;石英+黄铁矿脉和方解石+石英脉中仅发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度变化于110～200℃、盐度为3.9%～8.4%NaCleqv。成矿流体在古深度4.1km左右,温度在230～450℃之间、压力在10～41MPa之间,发生了强烈的流体沸腾作用,大量CO2等气体从流体中释放出来,黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉钼矿等巨量沉淀下来,形成了铜(钼)矿体。成矿流体总体上属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系,多期次的流体沸腾作用是该矿床的主要成矿机制。     

河南省东沟超大型钼矿床流体包裹体研究

河南省东沟钼矿床是东秦岭钼矿带新发现的燕山期超大型斑岩钼矿床,是大陆碰撞成矿理论预测在先,勘查突破在后的成功范例。该矿床的形成与东沟A型花岗斑岩有关,矿体产于斑岩体外接触带的熊耳群火山岩中。以岩体为中心发育典型的斑岩蚀变分带,由内到外依次是钾化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化。流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-钾长石组合、石英-(钾长石)-多金属硫化物组合和石英-碳酸盐-萤石组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段。早、中阶段热液石英中发育CO₂-H₂O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型),但晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体(W型)。早阶段C型和W型包裹体均一温度集中于380~550℃,盐度为7.70%~18.28% NaCleqv;S型包裹体中常见石盐、黄铜矿、方解石和未知透明子矿物,其均一温度范围为318~516℃,加热过程中除石盐外其他子矿物不熔;不包括不熔子矿物的贡献,该类包裹体盐度变化于12.85%~17.87 和35.55%~47.67% NaCleqv。中阶段C型和W型流体包裹体均一温度集中于260~410℃,盐度为4.62%~18.28% NaCleqv;除不熔子矿物外,S型包裹体均一温度为197~436℃,盐度变化于7.45%~19.30% NaCleqv和31.71%~49.22% NaCleqv。晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于125~225℃,盐度介于0.5%~7.25% NaCleqv之间。估算的早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为63~117MPa和12~67MPa,推测最大成矿深度为4.7km。上述流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体由早阶段高温、富CO₂的岩浆热液演化为晚阶段低温、贫CO₂的大气降水热液。这种高温、富CO₂的岩浆热液可视为大陆内部体制斑岩成矿系统的标志性特征,以区别于岩浆弧区同类矿床高温、贫CO₂的岩浆热液。通过对比东秦岭-大别钼矿带典型斑岩成矿系统,认为成矿流体中CO₂等挥发组分的含量和围岩性质(化学成分、结晶程度、抗剪抗压程度等)是控制矿体空间定位的重要因素。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床蚀变-矿化阶段及其流体演化

黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床是大兴安岭中北部多宝山-阿尔山铜(钼)成矿带内最大的斑岩型矿床,位于兴蒙造山带的最东端。矿床赋存于花岗闪长岩及多宝山组下部地层中。据野外脉体类型和穿插关系、围岩蚀变类型、矿物组合,将多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床的蚀变和矿化自早至晚划分为4个阶段:Ⅰ钾硅化阶段;Ⅱ 硅化-钼矿化阶段;Ⅲ绢英岩化-铜矿化阶段;Ⅳ碳酸盐石英阶段。石英中包裹体类型主要有水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体、纯CO₂包裹体。成矿流体从早阶段到晚阶段具有规律性演化特征:钾硅化阶段发育水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体,盐度集中在6%~10% NaCleqv,密度0.5~0.9g·cm^-3,均一温度峰值为245~400℃;硅化-钼矿化阶段发育水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体均一温度峰值为260~300℃,盐度1.7%~39% NaCleqv,密度0.3~1.1g·cm^-3;绢英岩化-铜矿化阶段发育水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体,均一温度峰值220~280℃,盐度0.1%~24.8% NaCleqv,峰值集中在6%~12%,密度0.5~1.0g·cm^-3;碳酸盐阶段仅发育水溶液包裹体包裹体,均一温度峰值为125~170℃,盐度0.5%~12.8% NaCleqv,密度0.8~0.9g·cm^-3。激光拉曼探针分析结果表明成分主要为H₂O和CO₂。本文对多宝山矿床主成矿期压力进行了估算,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段捕获压力分别为110~160MPa、58~80MPa、8~17MPa。测温实验结合野外现象及包裹体岩相学表明多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床是一个复杂的构造-岩浆成矿系统,与成矿有关的热流体不是单一的岩浆分异的结果,构造裂隙系统也为含矿流体提供了很好的导矿与容矿空间,矿床沉淀机制为温度压力的变化及空间的开放导致流体不混溶与沸腾作用,不同流体的混合、水岩反应致使流体pH值、成分发生变化,从而导致铜、钼的矿化。     

Fluid evolution of the Chalukou giant Mo deposit in the northern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

The Chalukou giant Mo deposit in the Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, is a porphyry deposit hosted in an intermediate‐felsic complex surrounded by Mesozoic volcano–sedimentary rocks. The mineralization process is composed of four stages, including quartz + K‐feldspar (Stage I), quartz + molybdenite (Stage II), pyrite + chalcopyrite + quartz ± other sulphides (Stage III) and carbonate ± fluorite ± quartz (Stage IV). The mineralization is generally associated with intense K‐feldspar‐, fluorite‐, phyllic‐ and propylitic alteration. Primary fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz include four compositional types, i.e. pure carbonic (PC‐type), aqueous‐carbonic (C‐type), daughter mineral‐bearing (S‐type) and aqueous (W‐type) inclusions. Halite, sylvite and hematite are recognized as the daughter minerals in Stage I S‐type FIs, whereas molybdenite and chalcopyrite occur as daughter minerals in Stage II S‐type FIs. High‐salinity and high pressure (>220 MPa) FIs exist in Stage I quartz veins, characterized by homogenization through halite dissolution at temperatures of 324 to 517 °C. The paucity of coexisting vapour‐rich FIs with similar homogenization temperatures at this stage indicates that the initial S‐type inclusions have directly exsolved from the magma rather than boiling off of a low‐salinity vapour. Stage I quartz has captured the C‐ and W‐type FIs, which have totally homogenized at 270–530 °C with salinities of 1.6–17.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. At Stage II, the coexistence of all FI types were only observed at pressures of 150–218 MPa and temperatures of 352–375 °C, with two salinity clusters of 0.9–16.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. and 37–56 wt.% NaCl equiv. Stage III quartz contains W‐type FIs with homogenization temperatures of 158–365 °C, salinities of 0.5–9.0 wt.% NaCl equiv., and minimum pressures of 12–116 MPa; whilst Stage IV fluorite or calcite only contains W‐type FIs with homogenization temperatures of 121–287 °C, salinities of 0.5–5.3 wt.% NaCl equiv., and minimum pressures of 10–98 MPa. The estimated trapping pressure from Stages II to III suggests an alternating lithostatic–hydrostatic fluid‐system caused by fluid boiling. Ore fluids at the Chalukou Mo deposit may have been evolved from a CO₂‐rich, high‐salinity, and high‐oxygen fugacity (fO₂) magma system, to a CO₂‐poor, low‐salinity, and low‐fO₂ epithermal system. Two key points may have contributed to the formation of the Chalukou giant Mo deposit: The magmatic origin and fluid boiling that has resulted in decompression and rapid precipitation of metals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黑龙江鹿鸣钼矿床成矿流体特征

鹿鸣钼矿床是小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带上典型的特大型斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产于早中生代早期中细粒似斑状二长花岗岩内,矿化类型以细脉浸染状矿化为主。根据矿物共生组合及脉体穿插关系将鹿鸣钼矿床划分为4个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ),石英-辉钼矿阶段(Ⅱ),绿泥石-辉钼矿-石英阶段(Ⅲ),石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。成矿流体包裹体有3类:A型气液两相包裹体(L+V),B型含子晶三相包裹体(L+V+S),C型气相包裹体(V)。不同阶段流体包裹体的成分、均一温度、盐度等特征显示成矿流体由早阶段的高温、高盐度的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系逐渐演变为晚阶段的低温、低盐度的H_2O-NaCl体系。氢氧同位素特征显示成矿早阶段以岩浆水为主,随成矿演化有不同程度大气水的加入。根据矿床产出特征、矿物共生组合和流体包裹体特征,认为流体的沸腾作用和CO2等气相组分大量逸失是成矿流体形成矿床的主要因素。     

Fluid inclusions and C-H-O-S isotope systematics of early Permian porphyry Mo mineralization of the West Junggar region,NW China: the Suyunhe example

ABSTRACT

The Suyunhe porphyry Mo deposit, located in the West Junggar terrane, is the largest molybdenum deposit found in Xinjiang to date, with a proven reserve of 0.57 Mt. The Suyunhe deposit is associated with Early Permian granitic rocks, which emplaced into the volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Middle Devonian Barluk Formation. Four metallogenic stages are identified in this study. Stage I is marked by the quartz-magnetite-K-feldspar±biotite±pyrite±molybdenite veins, which mainly occurred in the intensively potassic alternation zone and were formed at high temperature (>481°C), high salinity (58.6?65.18 wt.%), and relatively high oxygen fugacity conditions with a fluid system of NaCl-H₂O-CO₂. Stage II is the main metallogenic stage and develops numerous quartz-molybdenite±pyrite veins associated with muscovite–chlorite alteration, which were formed by immiscible fluids at medium-high temperature (210?427°C), medium-high salinity (43.36?49.90 wt.%), and relatively low oxygen fugacity conditions with the fluid system of NaCl-H₂O-CO₂-CH₄-C₂H₆. After the main Mo-mineralization, quartz-polymetallic sulphides veins associated with quartz–sericite alteration were formed by fluids at medium-low temperature, low-salinity conditions with the fluid system of NaCl-H₂O-CO₂ in stage III. The following quartz-polymetallic sulphide veins are quartz-calcite±pyrite veins associated with calcite alteration, which were formed by fluids at low temperature and low-salinity conditions with a fluid system of NaCl-H₂O in stage IV.

The δ¹⁸O‰ values indicate that the ore fluids of stages I and II are dominated by magmatic water, whereas stages III and IV are dominated by meteoric water. A wide range of δ³⁴S‰ values (?7.1 to 3.4‰) of sulphides between stages I and II indicates that increasing the reducibility plays an important role in molybdenum mineralization. The δ¹³C_CH4 values suggest that CH₄ of the ore fluids mainly results from the assimilation–contamination of carbonaceous country rocks, and partly derives from magma. However, the δ¹³C_CO2 values suggest that CO₂ of the ore fluids mainly originates from magma, and minor derives from wall-rocks as well as meteoric water.