泰国北部清迈带洋岛型火山岩特征研究

泰国北部清迈带洋岛型火山岩常被下石炭统及上二叠统浅水碳酸盐岩覆盖,主要岩石类型有夏威夷岩和钾质粗面玄武岩。以碱性系列为主,极个别亚碱性。主要化学成分以高TiO2、高P2O5和中K2O为特征;稀土元素强烈的轻稀土富集右倾斜型;微量元素模式呈K-Ti上隆富集型;多种成分投图落于洋岛玄武岩区及碱性玄武岩区,属于洋岛型火山岩。与中国云南德钦、耿马(昌宁-孟连带)洋岛玄武岩类似,它们是清迈带古特提斯洋壳的极重要组成部分。     

Study on the geochemical characteristics of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone,northern Thailand

Field investigations and laboratory integrated research as indicated that ophiolite mélange in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, northern Thailand, consists of fragments of tectonites such as metamorphic peridotite (extremely silicified serpentinite), cumulates (pyroxenolite, gabbro, and gabbro-diorite), ocean-ridge basalt, oceanic-island ba-salt and radiolarian silicalite, and it was formed during D3-P. The rock series, rock types and petrogeochemical characteristics of metamorphic tholeiites in the Nan area of the Nan-Uttaradit zone are similar to those of ocean-ridge basalts (C1) in China's Ailaoshan zone. As for the Hawaiites in the Nan area of the Nan-Uttaradit zone, their major elements, REEs and trace elements are similar to those of oceanic-island basalts in China's Jinshanjiang zone (P11). In the Uttaradit area of this zone the metamorphic alkaline basalts show transitional petrogeochemical characteristics between ocean-ridge basalts and oceanic-island basalts, which were still formed in oceanic-island environments. The above-described basalts are all oceanic volcanic rocks and they are the most important part of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust in the Nan-Uttaradit zone.     

Preliminary geochemical study of volcanic rocks in the Pang Mayao area, Phrao, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand: tectonic setting of formation

The least-altered, Permian mafic volcanic rocks from the Pang Mayao area, Phrao District, Chiang Mai Province, part of Chiang Rai–Chiang Mai volcanic belt, have been analyzed and are found to be mid-ocean ridge and ocean–island basalts. The mid-ocean ridge basalts occur as lava flows or dike rocks. They are equigranular, fine- to medium-grained and consist largely of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and olivine. These basalt samples are tholeiitic, and have compositions very similar to T-MORB from the region where the Du Toit Fracture Zone intersects the Southwest Indian Ridge. The ocean–island basalt occurs as pillow breccia, and lava flows or dike rocks. They are slightly to moderately porphyritic, with phenocrysts/microphenocrysts of clinopyroxene, olivine, plagioclase and/or Fe–Ti oxide. The groundmass is very fine-grained, and made up largely of felty plagioclase laths with subordinate clinopyroxene. These basalt samples are alkalic, and chemically analogous to those from Haleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaiian Chain. These mafic volcanic rocks may have been formed in a major ocean basin rather than in a mature back-arc basin.     

Study on the geochemical characteristics of arc-volcanic rocks in the Chiang Rai-Lampang belt of northern Thailand

On the basis of the petrographic characteristics, rock assemblages, petrochemistry, REEs, trace elements and geotectonic settings, the authors described the characteristics of continental marginal arc-volcanic rocks in the Late Permian-Early Triassic (P2-T1) volcanic rocks distributed on the eastern side of the ocean-ridge/oceanic island basalts in the Chiang Mai belt. The volcanic rock assemblage is basaltic andesite-andesite-rhyolite. The volcanic series is dominated by the calc-alkaline series, with the tholeitic series coming next. The chemical composition of the volcanic rocks is characterized by high Al2O3; the REE distribution patterns are of the LREE-enrichment rightward incline type; the large cation elements are highly enriched, and the volcanic rocks are generally enriched in U and Th and depleted in Ti, Cr and P. The petrochemical plot falls within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks, in consistency with the projected points of continental marginal arc-volcanic rocks in the Lancangjiang belt. These continental mar-ginal arc-volcanic rocks, together with ocean-ridge/oceanic island-type volcanic rocks in the Chiang Mai belt, con-stitute the ocean-ridge volcanic rock-arc magmatic rock belts distributed in pairs, indicative of eastward subduction of the oceanic crust in the Chiang Mai belt. This result is of great importance in exploring the evolution of the pa-leo-Tethys in the Chiang Mai belt.     

Geochemical characteristics of island-arc volcanic rocks in the Nan-Nam Pat-Phetchabun zone,northern Thailand

Late Permian-Early Triassic (P₂-T₁) volcanic rocks distributed on the eastern side of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island basalts in the Nan-Uttaradit zone were analyzed from aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, REE, trace elements, geotectonic setting, etc., indicating that those volcanic rocks possess the characteristic features of island-arc volcanic rocks. The volcanic rock assemblage is basalt-basaltic andesite-andesite. The volcanic rocks are sub-alkaline, dominated by calc-alkaline series, with tholeiite series coming next. The chemical composition of the volcanic rocks is characterized by low TiO₂ and K₂O and high Al₂O₃ and Na₂O. Their REE patterns are of the flat, weak LREE-enrichment right-inclined type. The trace elements are characterized by the enrichment of large cation elements such as K, Rb and Ba, common enrichment of U and Th, and depletion of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The petrochemical plot falls within the field of volcanic rocks, in consistency with the plot of island-arc volcanic rocks in the Jinsha River zone of China. This island-arc volcanic zone, together with the ocean-ridge/oceanic island type volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, constitutes the ocean-ridge volcanic rock-island-arc magmatic rock zones which are distributed in pairs, indicating that the oceanic crust of the Nan-Uttaradit zone once was of eastward subduction. This work is of great significance in exploring the evolution of paleo-Tethys in the Nan-Uttaradit zone.     

云开地块北缘构造带中变质基性火山岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

对云开地块北缘构造带中变质基性火山岩的地质、地球化学综合研究结果证明,该区存在洋中脊型 (MORB)和岛弧型 (IAT)两类玄武岩.MORB型具有大体类似的地球化学性质,它们均含较低的 TiO2(0.80%～ 1.62%,平均值 1.50% )和 P2O5(0.05%～ 0.15%,平均值 0.13% ),轻稀土元素呈亏损-平坦型,具洋中脊玄武岩特征;而 IAT型含更低的 TiO2(0.47%～ 1.26%,平均值 0.80% )和 P2O5(0.04%～ 0.07%,平均值 0.06% ),轻稀土元素呈富集型,具岛弧型玄武岩特征.MORB和 IAT组合的出现说明位于华南板块西南端的广西云开地区在 Grenville期 (四堡期 )可能存在过洋盆,它们很可能代表了 Grenville期 (四堡期 )造山作用形成统一的 Rodinia超级大陆以前的一个"多岛洋盆"系统,华夏古陆和扬子板块可能在该古洋盆于新元古代早期发生的全球性 Grenville期 (四堡期 )造山运动而发生消减消失后才开始碰撞和造山,形成统一的 Rodinia超级大陆.     

青海卡巴纽尔多地区中-晚三叠世火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

青海卡巴纽尔多地区位于华南板块可可西里-松潘甘孜残留洋。该区发育有中-晚三叠世火山岩,呈夹层状产于中三叠统甘德组及上三叠统清水河组。甘德组火山岩为晶屑凝灰岩,其SiO2=46.78%~47.05%,总碱含量ALK为2.38%~2.94%,铝饱和指数A/NK为2.81,山德指数A/CNK=0.66~0.79,里特曼指数σ=1.4~2.3,为亚碱性岩石,属拉斑玄武系列;稀土总量REE在102.84×10-6~179.06×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为4.44~7.07,δEu=0.65~1.01,稀土配分曲线呈向右陡倾型。清水河组火山岩为流纹岩,SiO2含量为74.04%,总碱含量Alk为7.43%,A/NK为1.47,A/CNK=1.31,σ=1.78,为亚碱性岩石,属钙碱性系列;稀土总量REE为26.18×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为5.4,δEu=0.28,具明显铕负异常,稀土配分曲线呈海鸥型。区内火山岩均富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,为典型的岛弧火山岩特征。利用里特曼-戈蒂里图解、Ti-Zr图解等判别图解,并结合甘德组与清水河组均为巴颜喀拉边缘前陆盆地的沉积背景,认为该区中-晚三叠世火山岩形成于岛弧环境。     

泰国北部难河构造带二叠纪放射虫、硅质岩和玄武岩

在泰国北部难河构造带Pha Som变质杂岩中发现保存很好的放射虫硅质岩、玄武岩地层层序.层状硅质岩含放射虫化石Follicucullus porrectus, 地质时代为中二叠世晚期至晚二叠世早期.其硅质岩SiO₂含量均在92.5%以上, Al/ (Al+Fe+Mn) 平均比值为0.51, Ce/Ce*比值为1.14, 为大陆边缘型硅质岩.玄武岩具有富集大离子亲石元素与高场强元素以及轻稀土富集等洋岛玄武岩的特点.说明难河构造带中-晚二叠世之交存在洋岛型火山岩和靠近大陆边缘的深海盆地硅质岩, 代表了小洋盆的沉积组合.该构造带闭合时间应在晚二叠世与晚三叠世之间.      

Geochemical Characteristics of Danfeng Meta-Volcanic Rocks in Shangzhou Area,Shaanxi Province

The Danfeng meta-volcanics in the Shangzhou area, Shaanxi Province are characterized by oceanic island arc volcanic geochemistry. They are a suite of low-K tholeiitic series and calc-alkaline series meta-volcanic rocks derived from different sources respectively.These meta-volcanics have high Th/Ta ratios and low contents of Ni,Ta,Ti,Y and Yb, suggesting that they were influenced by the subduction zone components.Many lines of evidence show that the Danfeng meta-volcanics were produced in an oceanic island are setting of the supra-subduction zone at the southern margin of the North China Block during the Early Paleozoic.     

大兴安岭北部佳疙瘩组洋岛型玄武岩的发现及地质意义

大兴安岭北部奇乾一带的新元古界佳疙瘩组上部由灰黑色致密枕状玄武岩、含气孔-杏仁状构造的枕状玄武岩夹灰黑色粉砂质板岩、绿泥片岩和灰色薄层大理岩化灰岩组成。枕状玄武岩由斜长石、辉石、绿泥石等组成。地球化学特征表明,岩石为富钠碱性玄武岩,稀土元素总量较高∑REE为107.71×10~(-6)~127×10~(-6),轻稀土富集LREE/HREE为5.15~5.56,(La/Yb)_N为4.44~5.18,δEu=0.86~1.08,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型。微量元素与MORB相比,富集Ti,Sr、K、Rb、Ba等不相容元素,Y、Yb含量略低于MORB,Y、Yb相对亏损。构造环境判别显示该枕状熔岩形成于大洋板内洋岛环境,佳疙瘩组洋岛玄武岩的发现标志着此时已经有成熟的大洋壳形成;综合玄武岩的地质地球化学特征,认为其源区来自软流圈地幔或与地幔柱组分有关。     

藏东碧土地区古特提斯主洋盆中的亚速尔型洋岛玄武岩

采自藏东碧土蛇绿混杂岩带的据水、学巴和登巴东3条剖面的火山岩样品,主体是碱性玄武岩。常量元素的判剐图解表明其构造背景是洋岛。微量元素含量显示出大洋板内玄武岩的特点。稀土元素配分型式表现为一组近于平行的右倾曲线,（Ce／Yb）。值约为6,稀土总量随岩浆分异程度的增高而增加。洋岛总体发育的时间为石炭纪（古特提斯洋盆的全盛期）,属亚速尔型洋岛。其中,学巴剖面代表了洋岛形成的初期阶段,其下部有大洋拉斑玄武岩的夹层,稀土配分曲线和微量元素蛛网曲线均落入OIB与E—MORB之间;登巴东剖面则代表了洋岛火山岩发育的晚期阶段,顶部有酸性熔岩的夹层,火山岩之上连续沉积有灰岩和砂岩。对这3个亚速尔型洋岛的厘定,结合以前报道的夏威夷型洋岛（瓦浦火山岩）,充分说明藏东的古特提斯主洋盆曾是一个开阔的多岛洋,与滇西南昌宁-孟连多岛洋的构造面貌相同。     

昌宁-孟连结合带奥陶纪洋岛玄武岩的识别及其构造意义——来自地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

西南三江昌宁-孟连构造带传统被认为是晚古生代古特提斯洋的缝合带。在该构造带中段铜厂街蛇绿混杂岩东侧勐勇—芒红一带,新识别出一套近南北向展布的灰绿色气孔-杏仁状玄武岩、安山玄武岩和硅质岩、浅变质泥质粉砂岩组成的火山-沉积岩系。对杏仁状玄武岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得其~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为449.3±8.4Ma(MSWD=3.5),表明该套火山岩喷发于奥陶纪。元素地球化学特征表现为富铝(12.11%~15.04%)、富钠(K_2O/N_2O=0.03~0.44)、高Mg~#值(45.9~61.7),同时,该套火山岩中MgO=6.78%~12.34%,平均为9.43%,Cr=58.6×10~(-6)~636×10~(-6),平均为310.3×10~(-6),Ni=57.4×10~(-6)~410×10~(-6),平均为202.1×10~(-6),Nb=18.9×10~(-6)~32.8×10~(-6),平均为25.06×10~(-6),具有轻稀土元素强烈富集的"直线状"稀土元素配分模式,(La/Yb)_N=5.25,(Ce/Yb)_N=4.42,(Ce/Sm)_N=1.68,稀土元素总量随全碱含量增大有升高的趋势,表明其为亚速尔型洋岛。总体上,该套火山岩具碱性OIB(洋岛玄武岩)的特征,可能是大洋板内热点前部熔融的产物。亚速尔型洋岛玄武岩的出现代表了特提斯洋盆内洋岛发育早期阶段的物质记录,为重新认识滇西南昌宁—孟连地区特提斯主洋盆开阔多岛洋的格局提供了丰富的岩石学依据。     

阿拉善地块新生代玄武岩和粗玄岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

新生代时期受太平洋板片俯冲影响,华北克拉通中东部广泛发育具有洋岛玄武岩特征的板内岩浆活动。然而华北克拉通西段目前并无新生代火山岩年代学及地球化学相关的研究。本文首次报道华北克拉通西部阿拉善巴隆乌拉新生代岩浆活动。来自巴隆乌拉玄武岩和粗玄岩锆石U-Pb定年限定这些岩石形成于始新世时期(37.2～36.5 Ma)。新生代玄武岩和粗玄岩SiO₂(50.38%～51.65%)和Al₂O₃(16.9%～17.5%)含量,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,无Eu负异常和Nb、Ta亏损,显示洋岛玄武岩特征。玄武岩和粗玄岩样品⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.7054～0.7057、全岩ε_Nd(t)值及锆石ε_Hf(t)值分别为-7.2～-6.7和-3.2～-1.1之间,显示富集的同位素组成。地球化学研究揭示这些新生代岩石在上升过程中经历了有限的地壳混染作用。与华北克拉通东部新生代玄武岩相比,阿拉善新生代玄武岩具有更高的大离子亲石元素和更加富集的同位素组成。阿拉...     

Tectonic Setting of the Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong Volcanic Rocks, Northern Thailand Based on Petrochemical Characteristics

The inferred Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong volcanic belt is composed of felsic to mafic volcanic rocks and their pyroclastic equivalents. Almost all the least-altered mafic volcanic rocks are lava flows; a few might have occurred as dykes. These mafic volcanic rocks are non-foliated to weakly foliated, and mostly have porphyritic textures. The phenocrysts/microphenocrysts in porphyritic samples are commonly plagioclase, and may include clinopyroxene, olivine, Fe-Ti oxide, apatite and amphibole. The matrix of lava flows ranges texturally from felty to trachytic but a few samples show felty to ophitic/subophitic, and glassy textures, whereas that of possible dyke samples is holocrystalline. The primary matrix constituents are largely plagioclase and variable proportions of clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, amphibole, olivine, apatite, quartz, alkali feldspar and/or glass. All the studied samples have been subjected to greenschist-facies regional metamorphism. Chemically, the samples show narrow ranges of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios and range compositionally from dacite to basalt of tholeiitic series. These samples are chemically analogous to those of the Tertiary andesite from Sardinian Rift, Sardinia, Italy, particularly in terms of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios. Accordingly, the studied mafic volcanic rocks are interpreted to have formed in a continental volcanic arc. However, the problem related to the geometry of plate convergence, giving rise to the continental volcanic arc, still exists.     

东南沿海中生代火山岩带地球化学特征

中国东南沿海位于太平洋板块和欧亚板块的结合处,广泛分布着中生代火山岩,并伴随有大规模的成矿作用。酸性火山岩占绝对优势,基性中性火山岩仅零星出露。酸性和中性火山岩为一套富碱、富钾、富铝、低钛的高钾钙碱性系列,基性火山岩为一套富硅贫碱的高钾和中钾钙碱性系列。从基性到酸性火山岩稀土分馏和铕的负异常逐渐加剧。基性火山岩贫Nb、Zr、Y,弱富集Ba、Hf、Th、Ce。中性火山岩和酸性火山岩贫Ba、Ti、P、Nb、Zr、Ta、Sr,强烈富集Pb。通过主量、微量和稀土元素的研究认为,基性火山岩和酸性火山岩为独立的岩浆起源,在中生代,东南沿海广泛存在着玄武岩的底侵作用,给下地壳提供了大量的热源,从而诱发了下地壳重熔,形成了大量的酸性火山岩。中性火山岩由酸性和基性岩浆混合形成,其地球化学特征主要受酸性岩浆的制约。     

藏东雅鲁藏布江大拐弯蛇绿岩变基性岩类岩石地球化学再研究

在1:25万区域地质填图和专题研究的基础上,再次对喜马拉雅东构造结地区雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂带中变基性岩的常量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学特征进行了深入研究,进一步阐明了SSZ型蛇绿岩的成因。变基性岩类可分为具有玻安岩类、IAT和OIB特征的3类。玻安岩类为LREE呈略亏损—平坦型,稀土元素总量低,∑REE为7.56×10-6～20.89×10-6,富相容元素Cr、Ni和常量成分MgO、Al2O3,形成于弧前环境。IAT类为本带的主要类型,在蜘蛛图上有一定的Nb、Ta亏损,REE为大致平坦型,稀土元素总量低,∑REE为37.84×10-6～55.75×10-6。OIB类为LREE较富集型,稀土元素总量高,∑REE为102.09×10-6～240.95×10-6,与IAT和MORB相比,具较高的La、Nb、P、Ti含量,而相容元素Cr、Ni等含量较低。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成反映PREMA(或BSE)和EMI提供了源区,暗示未分异的原始地幔和下地壳参与形成了原始岩浆。推测新特提斯洋盆演化经历了较早的地幔柱、洋岛阶段,形成了MORB-OIB组合;较晚期为洋内弧阶段,形成了SSZ型蛇绿岩和IAT组合。     

西天山特克斯县北乌孙山大哈拉军山组火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

对西天山特克斯西北乌孙山中部地区出露的火山岩进行了地球化学研究,结果表明玄武岩、安山岩均为拉斑质火山岩,LREE较富集[(La/Yb)N介于3.44~11.36之间],具有弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.79~1.13),安山岩与流纹岩明显富集强不相容元素(如Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U)和LREE。玄武岩与中酸性岩样品具有轻微的差异,但所有样品具有较明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,并且除了活动性较强的元素(Cs、Rb、Ba)外,其余微量元素均接近于下地壳的含量,(Th/Nb)N介于2.02~8.12之间,(Nb/La)N介于0.40~0.45之间,远远小于1,La/Ba值低(0.01~0.07),Ba/Nb值高(90~410);Zr/Nb值平均为16.48,最为接近原始地幔(15.71)的比值;而Ta/Nb、Hf/Ta、Th/Yb值平均为0.10、3.77、0.64,较为接近上地壳(0.10、3.50、0.48)的比值,Zr含量大于90×10-6,Zr/Y值在4左右,显示了板内玄武岩的特征。结合区域上地质特征,认为该地区在石炭纪时碰撞结束进入碰撞后伸展阶段,局部具有裂谷化特征。样品的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常应为地壳混染引起,火山岩的形成环境为碰撞后伸展的构造环境。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段改则硅质岩地球化学征及沉积环境

班公湖-怒江缝合带是西藏第二条规模巨大的基性-超基性岩带.文章通过对该带西段改则地区硅质岩的系统地球化学研究,探讨了硅质岩形成的成因和构造背景.研究表明:①硅质岩的w(SiO2)变化范围在85.23％～93.73％之间,Si/Al比值为34.08～56.92,表明它们含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物;②Hf、Pb、Nb、T...     

塔河地区海西晚期火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

通过岩心观察,塔河地区海西晚期先后发育基性火山岩和中酸性火山岩两大类。两类火山岩具有不同地球化学组成:基性火山岩K2O+Na2O=3.49%~4.25%,K2O/Na2O=0.18~0.381,为钠质系列玄武岩,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、P,δEu≈1,无明显亏损;中酸性火山岩表现为高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti亏损,大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th较为富集,稀土元素δEu=0.43~0.661,铕具明显负异常特征,K2O+Na2O=6.86%~8.82%,K2O/Na2O=1.25~1.591,为钾玄或高钾钙碱性系列英安岩。强不相容元素Th/Ta、Nb/U比值说明,玄武岩与英安岩成因没有明显亲缘性,玄武岩来源于地幔,英安岩来源于地壳。结合邻区火成岩对比分析,塔河地区发育的玄武岩、英安岩分别与塔中地区玄武岩和南天山分区花岗岩具有相同的地球化学特征,构造判别图解表明,玄武岩形成于板内主裂陷期,英安岩、花岗岩形成于板块边缘岛弧构造环境,作为特殊古构造位置,塔河地区先后发育的玄武岩、英安岩为板内主裂陷盆地边缘和弧火山边缘相互耦合的产物。     

山西吕梁地区古元古界小两岭组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

山西吕梁地区古元古界小两岭组火山岩角度不整合于华北克拉通结晶基底之上,主要由玄武-安山岩、英安-流纹岩组成,SiO2含量57%～63%的火山岩很少.岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Ba、K等）和轻稀土元素,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta等）.主、微量元素及Nd同位素地球化学特征表明：玄武-安山岩与英安-流纹岩为同源岩浆产物,成分间隙的产生由分离结晶作用导致;岛弧型火山岩地球化学特征产生的原因主要不是由于地壳的混染,而是继承于受俯冲组分改造的岩石圈富集地幔.对小两岭组顶部流纹岩中的锆石进行激光探针等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）年龄测试,表明火山岩形成于1779±20Ma（^207Ph/^206Pb）.通过对小两岭组火山岩与熊耳群火山岩的地层层位、岩相学、地球化学和Nd同位素特征的对比,以及年代学方面的证据,表明小两岭组火山岩与熊耳群火山岩相当,是同期岩浆活动在不同空间的产物,都形成于大陆裂谷环境,可能与地幔柱有关.