利用能量法由沿轨扰动位数据恢复位系数精度分析

讨论了在基于能量法确定地球重力场模型的过程中，利用最小二乘方法由沿轨扰动位数据解算位系数时法方程的特性，在该问题中，法方程只与卫星轨道有关。基于这一特点，阐明了最小二乘解算结果与是否使用参考重力场模型是无关的。在此基础上，根据不同的噪声水平，模拟了4种不同精度的沿轨扰动位观测值。分别进行了重力场模型恢复并分析了其恢复精度。结果表明，在现有加速度计校准水平下，能量法恢复重力场模型难以达到动力法的精度，用于时变研究尚存在一定的困难。     

重力场模型对Swarm卫星精密定轨的影响分析

采用星载GPS观测数据与简化动力学定轨方法,在方程中引入伪随机脉冲参数,从而实现对Swarm卫星的精密定轨. 详细分析了不同阶次的GOCO06s地球重力场模型对Swarm卫星简化动力学定轨精度的影响,对比了PGM2000a、EIGEN-2、EGM2008以及GECO重力场模型展开到100阶次时Swarm卫星解算的轨道精度. 结果表明:当GOCO06s地球重力场模型阶次处于30～100阶次时,Swarm-A、Swarm-B和Swarm-C卫星在径向、切向、法向上的定轨精度随着GOCO06s阶次的不断增加而越来越高,而在高于100阶次时,定轨精度基本稳定,且在各方向定轨精度优于3 cm. 此外,采用100阶次GECO、EGM2008和GOCO06s模型对三颗Swarm卫星进行定轨,解算的轨道精度相当,且要高于同阶次其他重力场模型的定轨结果.      

联合EGM2008模型重力异常和GOCE观测数据构建超高阶地球重力场模型SGG-UGM-1

本文研究了联合卫星观测数据和重力异常数据确定超高阶重力场模型的理论方法,并使用EGM2008模型重力异常和GOCE（gravity field and ocean circulation explorer）观测数据构建了重力场模型SGG-UGM-1。重点研究了由球面格网重力异常快速构建超高阶重力场模型的块对角最小二乘方法,将OpenMP技术引入到块对角最小二乘中以提高计算效率,并基于模拟数据验证了方法及算法和软件模块的正确性。采用本文制定的联合解算策略,利用GOCE重力卫星观测数据构建的220阶次法方程和EGM2008模型重力异常构建的2159阶次块对角法方程,联合求解了2159阶次的重力场模型SGG-UGM-1。将SGG-UGM-1与EGM2008、EIGEN-6C2、EIGEN-6C4等超高阶模型在频谱域内进行了比较分析,结果表明SGG-UGM-1相对参考模型的系数误差较小,且在220阶次内的系数精度相比EGM2008模型有了提高。采用中国与美国的GPS/水准数据和毛乌素测区的航空重力观测数据对这些模型进行了外符合精度的检验。检核结果表明,在中国区域,SGG-UGM-1模型大地水准面的精度在EIGEN-6C2和EIGEN-6C4两个模型之间,优于GOSG-EGM模型和EGM2008模型,与美国区域几个模型的精度相当。利用毛乌素测区的航空重力数据对几个模型进行了检核,结果表明SGG-UGM-1模型计算的重力扰动精度与EGM2008、EIGEN-6C4模型相当,优于GOSG-EGM模型和EIGEN-6C2模型。     

重力场对弹道导弹自由段落点影响的仿真分析

利用EGM96地球重力场模型,采用数值积分方法分析了重力场J2项、J4项以及扰动重力对弹道导弹自由段落点偏差的影响,讨论了积分步长的选取和重力场模型阶数的选取。仿真计算结果表明,对6000km左右自由段射程的弹道导弹,J2项引起的落点偏差最大达到15km以上;J4项引起的落点偏差最大达到60m左右;扰动重力的影响可达到数百米,为达到米级的落点精度,需考虑到30阶左右的重力场模型。     

Inverse Vening Meinesz formula and deflection-geoid formula: applications to the predictions of gravity and geoid over the South China Sea

Using the spherical harmonic representations of the earth's disturbing potential and its functionals, we derive the inverse Vening Meinesz formula, which converts deflection of the vertical to gravity anomaly using the gradient of the H function. The deflection-geoid formula is also derived that converts deflection to geoidal undulation using the gradient of the C function. The two formulae are implemented by the 1D FFT and the 2D FFT methods. The innermost zone effect is derived. The inverse Vening Meinesz formula is employed to compute gravity anomalies and geoidal undulations over the South China Sea using deflections from Seasat, Geosat, ERS-1 and TOPEX//POSEIDON satellite altimetry. The 1D FFT yields the best result of 9.9-mgal rms difference with the shipborne gravity anomalies. Using the simulated deflections from EGM96, the deflection-geoid formula yields a 4-cm rms difference with the EGM96-generated geoid. The predicted gravity anomalies and geoidal undulations can be used to study the tectonic structure and the ocean circulations of the South China Sea. Received: 7 April 1997 / Accepted: 7 January 1998     

EGM2008重力场模型在RTK高程测量中的应用

由于GPS测量得到的是WGS-84高程,而我国采用正常高系统,使用RTK高程必须进行高程拟合,需要均匀分布测区且数量足够的GPS/水准已知点。在我国大陆,EGM2008重力场模型高程异常总体精度为20cm,提出了将EGM2008模型应用于RTK高程测量的方法,根据实际应用检核结果,RTK单点校正即可达到较高精度。     

Numerical study on the mixed model in the GOCE polar gap problem

Gravity gradients acquired by the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer(GOCE) do not cover the entire earth because of its sun-synchronous orbit leaving data gaps with a radius of about 6.5° in the polar regions.Previous studies showed that the loss of data in the polar regions deteriorates the accuracy of the low order(or near zonal) coefficients of the earth gravity model,which is the so-called polar gap problem in geodesy.In order to find a stable solution for the earth gravity model from the GOCE gravity gradients,three models,i.e.the Gauss-Markov model,light constraint model and the mixed model,are compared and evaluated numerically with the gravity gradient simulated with the EGM2008.The comparison shows that the Best Linear Uniformly Unbiased Estimation(BLUUE) estimator of the mixed model can solve the polar gap problem as effectively as the light constraint model;furthermore,the mixed model is more rigorous in dealing with the supplementary information and leads to a better accuracy in determining the global geoid.     

重力场对惯性导航定位误差影响研究与仿真

从惯性导航力学编排方程出发,将高阶重力场模型代替正常重力模型,分析了扰动重力引起的惯性导航误差;并从另一角度,对理想状态下扰动重力对惯性导航的影响进行了仿真分析,结果表明扰动重力影响显著。通过将重力垂线偏差分量引入惯性导航方程,改善传统方程的缺陷,探讨了垂线偏差对惯性导航的影响。在全面论述了扰动重力和重力垂线偏差对惯性导航的影响的基础上,结合实际情况提出了进行重力场误差补偿的两种方法。     

重力场对惯性导航定位误差影响研究与仿真

从惯性导航力学编排方程出发,将高阶重力场模型代替正常重力模型,分析了扰动重力引起的惯性导航误差;并从另一角度,对理想状态下扰动重力对惯性导航的影响进行了仿真分析,结果表明扰动重力影响显著.通过将重力垂线偏差分量引入惯性导航方程,改善传统方程的缺陷,探讨了垂线偏差对惯性导航的影响.在全面论述了扰动重力和重力垂线偏差对惯性导航的影响的基础上,结合实际情况提出了进行重力场误差补偿的两种方法.     

Downward continuation and geoid determination based on band-limited airborne gravity data

 The downward continuation of the harmonic disturbing gravity potential, derived at flight level from discrete observations of airborne gravity by the spherical Hotine integral, to the geoid is discussed. The initial-boundary-value approach, based on both the direct and inverse solution to Dirichlet's problem of potential theory, is used. Evaluation of the discretized Fredholm integral equation of the first kind and its inverse is numerically tested using synthetic airborne gravity data. Characteristics of the synthetic gravity data correspond to typical airborne data used for geoid determination today and in the foreseeable future: discrete gravity observations at a mean flight height of 2 to 6 km above mean sea level with minimum spatial resolution of 2.5 arcmin and a noise level of 1.5 mGal. Numerical results for both approaches are presented and discussed. The direct approach can successfully be used for the downward continuation of airborne potential without any numerical instabilities associated with the inverse approach. In addition to these two-step approaches, a one-step procedure is also discussed. This procedure is based on a direct relationship between gravity disturbances at flight level and the disturbing gravity potential at sea level. This procedure provided the best results in terms of accuracy, stability and numerical efficiency. As a general result, numerically stable downward continuation of airborne gravity data can be seen as another advantage of airborne gravimetry in the field of geoid determination. Received: 6 June 2001 / Accepted: 3 January 2002     

由CHAMP星载GPS相位双差数据解算地球引力场模型

利用7d的CHAMP星载GPS相位观测数据和48个IGS跟踪站的观测数据，构造星地双差相位观测量，进行GPS数据预处理；利用Cowell Ⅱ数值法进行轨道积分和分块Bayes最小二乘参数估计，解算了地球引力场位系数。该模型与EGM96相比（70阶次），大地水准面起伏差异最大为2．872m，差弄精度为0．522m，平均差异为-0．003m，这说明本文解算的地球重力场模型与EGM96没有系统性差异。     

Accuracy analysis for SST gravity field model in China

IntroductionThe high-accauary and high-resolution Earth’sgravity field can be recovered with satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) technique , the preciseintersatellite tracking technique . The SSTtech-nique has been studied since 1960’s . The modesof S…     

Accuracy analysis for SST gravity field model in China

Taking China as the region for test the potential of the new satellite gravity technique, satelliteto-satellite tracking for improving the accuracy of regional gravity field model is studied. With WDM94 as reference, the gravity anomaly residuals of three models, the latest two GRACE global gravity field model (EIGEN_GRACE02S, GGM02S) and EGM96, are computed and compared. The causes for the differences among the residuals of the three models are discussed. The comparison between the residuals shows that in the selected region, EIGEN_GRACE02S or GGM02S is better than EGM96 in lower degree part (less than 110 degree). Additionally, through the analysis of the model gravity anomaly residuals, it is found that some systematic errors with periodical properties exist in the higher degree part of EIGEN and GGM models, the results can also be taken as references in the validation of the SST gravity data.     

全球及局部海洋扰动重力反演的快速解析方法

从经典边值问题理论及球谐函数理论出发,在空域推导获得了由大地水准面高以及垂线偏差计算扰动重力的解析计算公式,为利用卫星测高数据反演海洋扰动重力提供了理论基础。针对全球海洋区域和局部海洋区域的扰动重力反演,在前人已有工作基础上,提出了改进的基于一维FFT的精确快速算法,保证了计算结果与原解析方法完全一致,且计算速度提高约20倍。该算法在提高计算效率的同时避免了由于引入FFT而产生的混叠、边缘效应问题,而且对观测数据的序列长度没有硬性要求,使得应用更加灵活。利用EGM2008地球重力场模型分别生成了2.5'分辨率大地水准面高数据和垂线偏差数据,按照本文提出的改进方法(采用全球积分计算)分别反演获得了全球及局部海洋区域的扰动重力。经比较分析,由大地水准面和垂线偏差分别反演获得的扰动重力其差异在0.8×10^-5 m/s²以内,这说明两种反演方法是基本一致的,但在数据包含系统误差的情况下,由垂线偏差反演扰动重力具有一定优势。     

重力异常阶方差模型的构建及在扰动场元频谱特征计算中的应用

利用最新的全球引力位模型-EGM2008对经典的重力异常阶方差模型进行了分析比较,分析表明,经典的阶方差模型由于限于当时的观测条件,已经不能准确地描述扰动场元在各个频段的频谱分布。在Moritz阶方差模型基础上,利用EGM2008位模型获得的2160阶阶方差重新构建了新的分段重力异常阶方差模型-TSD模型,该模型与EGM2008位模型计算的阶方差比较其标准差和均值分别为0.25mgal2 、0.0 。利用TSD模型计算了不同频段内大地水准面高、重力异常、扰动重力、垂线偏差四个重力场扰动场元的频谱特征,计算结果表明：扰动场元频谱分布较之传统分析结果有较大的变化,其中重力异常、扰动重力及垂线偏差在中、低频部分的能量有明显的增加而高频及甚高频部分的比重有明显的减少。     

改进的能量守恒方法及其在CHAMP重力场恢复中的应用(英文)

An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy balance approach IS developed in this paper. The method simultaneously solves the spherical harmonic coefficients, daily Integration constant, scale and bias parameters. Two 60 degree and order gravitational potential models, XISM-CHAMPO1S from the classical energy balance approach, and XISM-CHAMPO2S from the improved energy balance, are determined using about one year＇s worth of CHAMP kinematic orbits from TUM and accelerometer data from GFZ. Comparisons among XISM-CHAMPO1S, XISM-CHAMPO2S, EIGEN-CGO3C, EIGEN-CHAMPO3S, EIGEN2, ENIGNIS and EGM96 are made. The results show that the XISM-CHAMPO2S model is more accurate than EGM96, EIGENIS, EIGEN2 and XISM-CHAMPO1S at the same degree and order, and has almost the same accuracy as EIGEN-CHAMPO3S.     

国家高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差

利用不同重力场模型（EIGEN-6C4、EGM2008）和海面高模型（DNSC08、DTU10、DTU13）确定了全球平均海面重力位均值62 636 856.550 7 m²s^-2,加入海面地形改正后得到全球大地水准面重力位均值62 636 858.179 0 m²s^-2。联合EGM2008模型与全国均匀分布的649个GPS/水准数据,根据异常位法、正常高反算法以及高程异常差法,分别计算了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差,并对3种垂直偏差结果通过加权方法进行了改善。最后,利用两种方法对垂直偏差结果的合理性与正确性进行验证。结果表明我国高程基准面高于全球平均海面0.298 0 m,高于全球大地水准面0.464 2 m。     

利用GRACE轨道和加速度数据恢复地球重力场

本文基于高低卫卫跟踪的模式，用积分方法研究了不同重力场模型对于轨道的影响，并用3个月的GRACE轨道数据计算了新的60阶地球重力场模型，为了分析其精度，与EGM96和EIGENIS作了比较．结果表明新模型在40阶前更接近GGM02C模型。     

利用EGM2008模型估算海洋重力测量测线布设间距

测线布设是海洋重力测量中海区技术设计的主要内容,在保证测图精度和提高测量效率方面起着关键作用。目前测线间距依据测量任务而定,没有充分顾及测区重力异常的变化特性。结合海洋重力测量的特点,利用EGM2008模型重力异常作为测线布设的先验信息,在满足测量成果精度要求的前提下,估算测线布设间距。利用实测数据检验估算的测线布设间距的合理性,结果表明,利用EGM2008模型估算的测线间距布设测线能满足海洋重力测量的精度要求,为确定海洋重力测量测线布设间距提供量化依据。     

卫星重力梯度数据的模拟研究

推导了运用地球重力场模型计算单点、格网点以及格网平均的扰动重力梯度复组合分量的公式;提出了广义球谐函数及其定积分的新算法,并利用EGM96地球重力场模型试算了全球地区卫星轨道面上的重力梯度分量的格网平均观测值;通过对角线分量满足Laplace方程的精度,验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。