褐牙鲆陆海接力养殖试验

试验对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)"陆海接力"养殖模式的可行性、养殖操作技术进行了研究。在山东荣成爱莲湾海域,分别于2008年和2009年5月,当海区水温上升至12.0℃以上时,将陆基工厂化培育的适宜规格苗种转运到海上,利用自行研制的方形钢结构鲆鲽类平底网箱养成褐牙鲆商品鱼。其中,2009年养殖平均体质量为59.3,136.0和202.0 g的褐牙鲆各1箱,经过174 d的养殖,平均体质量分别达到614.0,885.3和1 030.0 g,转运成活率100%,网箱养殖成活率分别为93.3%,87.5%和93.3%。结果表明,方形钢结构鲆鲽类平底网箱适合鲆鲽鱼类养殖,"陆海接力"模式养殖的褐牙鲆生长快、养殖周期短、成本低,而且该模式操作简单、节约能源。     

大菱鲆南方移养技术研究

利用秋末至次年夏初福建省海区自然水温一般处于大菱鲆(Scophthalmusmaximus)生长最适水温范围这一条件,采用陆上工厂化养殖和海上网箱养殖二种方式,试验其养殖效果。利用海上网箱养殖方式,可以在秋末夏初自然水温处于大菱鲆最适生长范围期间,将大菱鲆鱼苗饲养至平均体质量500g/尾的商品规格。从2003年11月26日至2004年4月2日,鱼苗从平均全长11.3cm、平均体质量113.6g生长至平均全长27.1cm、平均体质量500.4g,成活率86.7%。而同一阶段,陆上水泥池的水温一般要比自然海区低1～2℃,生长速度也较慢。另外,大菱鲆对高水温有相当的耐受能力,在平均水温达27.0℃、最低25.2℃、最高达29.2℃的6月份,成活率仍可达85.9%。结果表明,在南方开展大菱鲆阶段性养殖在技术上是可行的。     

台湾海峡牙鲆养殖技术研究

报道了台湾海峡牙鲆(Paralichthysolivaceus)的养殖技术。经过在室内水泥池189d的饲养,共获得平均全长32.20cm,平均体质量402.10g规格的牙鲆11.5万尾,养殖成活率达96%。养殖结果表明,台湾海峡牙鲆的生长速度快于黄、渤海牙鲆;水温与牙鲆的生长关系密切,台湾海峡牙鲆适宜的温度范围为18～27℃左右;饲料中添加适量中草药对提高牙鲆的成活率有较明显作用。     

引进种金头鲷养殖研究

2007年引进179尾金头鲷Sparusaurata放于遮阳水泥池(17.5m3)进行养殖试验,长度约3cm鱼苗,经过366d的养殖,体重平均307.9g(260.0-380.0g);全长平均25.8cm(23.5-28.2cm);体高平均8.8cm(8.2-9.5cm).成活率92.2%,饵料系数2.3.试验结果表明,该品种生长速度较快,抗病力强,适合于广西工厂化养殖.     

苯并[a]芘对雄性褐菖鲉精巢成熟的影响

本实验采用雄性褐菖鲉作为实验对象,腹腔注射0.5×10-6、1×10-6、5×10-6、10×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,7d后苯并[a]芘处理组精巢睾酮水平和睾酮与17β-雌二醇的比值都有上升,但都未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05).腹腔注射50×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,11d后取出精巢,常规石蜡切片,结果显示雄性褐菖鲉的精巢,精小叶腔和输出管中精子密集程度明显增加,次级精母细胞减少,精巢壁厚度变薄.结果提示,苯并[a]芘对褐菖鲉具有类雄激素效应.     

褐毛鲿人工繁育技术研究

褐毛鲿（Megalonibea fusca）属石首鱼科（Sciaenidea）,毛鲿鱼属（Megalonibea）,是朱元鼎等（1963）命名的新种.其为近海暖温性底层大型鱼类,具有重要的经济价值.1998年福建省水产研究所开展褐毛鲿人工繁殖和育苗在国内首获成功,二批共培育出幼鱼6.667×105尾,其中第一批平均全长为32.55 mm和37.55 mm的幼鱼共8.680×104尾,第二批全长为24.0～35.0 mm的幼鱼共5.799×105尾.对1998年褐毛鲿室内人工催产、仔稚幼鱼的培育技术、仔稚幼鱼的食性和生长发育、生态习性,以及早期发育稚鱼阶段的适盐生存下限进行了分析.褐毛鲿适宜的产卵水温为23.0～26.0℃,盐度为29～32.催产激素以DOM剂量为3.5 mg/kg和LHRH-A3剂量为4.5μg/kg混合使用效果最好.仔、稚、幼鱼培育饵料依次为牡蛎幼虫、轮虫、卤虫、桡足类,在水温为24.5～29.5℃,盐度为18～28条件下培育,25d龄鱼苗全长为19.0～26.0 mm,80%完成变态进入幼鱼期,育苗成活率达25.3%.褐毛鲿稚幼鱼适盐范围为4～38,属于广盐性种类,可在海水和咸淡水中养殖.     

黑鲪苗种培育关键技术的研究

采用黑鲪[Sebastodes fuscescens(Houttuyn)]野生亲鱼进行了两次工厂化育苗实验。第一次布放仔鱼38.9×104尾,经过56～60 d的培育,共育成全长30.7～32.7 mm的鱼苗2.9×104尾,平均成活率7.5%;第二次布放仔鱼101.7×104尾,经过46～51 d培育,鱼苗全长30.2～35.7mm。项目验收时,鱼苗平均全长45.7mm,平均体质量1.53g,共出苗约32.1×104尾,单位水体出苗量1 529尾/m3,平均成活率31.6%,最高成活率52.1%。实验中研究了黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育与摄食变化,提出了苗种培育阶段的4个"危险期",并探讨了苗种培育的关键技术。     

棕点石斑鱼循环水养殖系统细菌多样性分析

为探究棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelusfuscoguttatus)在循环水养殖模式中的生长及养殖水体与石斑鱼肠道的菌群特征, 51 000尾平均体质量为(13.72±0.51) g、平均体长为(8.90±0.66) cm的棕点石斑鱼苗被随机平均分配至6个直径为8m的PE养殖水槽中,通过循环水设备进行封闭式养殖。结果显示:经过12个月的养殖,棕点石斑鱼的成活率为83.2%±7.6%,体质量为(487.32±12.68) g、体长为(31.24±1.22) cm,平均日增质量为1.30 g。采取16S rRNA高通量测序技术,定期检测养殖水体和棕点石斑鱼肠道菌群特征。结果显示:循环水养殖系统和棕点石斑鱼肠道中的菌群结构都相对稳定,没有表现出明显的季节差异;水体和棕点石斑鱼肠道的菌群具有一定的关联性,二者之间共有的OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units)为2259个,主要为发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和弧菌属(Vibrio)等。水体和肠道样品中还含有大量的特异OTUs,其中棕点石斑鱼肠道中检测出19838个特异性OTUs,主要是慢生根瘤菌属(Brad...     

管角螺网笼养殖技术的研究

研究了网笼吊养模式和饵料对管角螺成活率和生长率的影响。结果表明,2010年7月吊养平均壳高34.02mm、平均体质量2.61g的管角螺苗,至2010年9月30日,平均壳高达51.07mm,平均体质量6.99g。在5种不同放养密度下,以每笼20个生长最快。自2010年7月中旬分笼养成,至每次测量,成活率为98.7%,分笼前成活率96.1%,总成活率94.9%。饵料以双壳贝类为主,小牡蛎(团聚牡蛎)是管角螺网笼养殖的较理想饵料。应加强6～11月管角螺快速生长期的管理     

杜氏鰤人工苗养殖生物学特性及养殖技术研究

报道杜氏鰤(Seriola dumerili)人工苗养殖生物学特性及养殖技术研究结果。在海区水温6-30．5℃。海水盐度14．33，溶解氧6．5-7．3mg／L，pH7．5-8．1，水流为15-35cm／s的网箱中，杜氏鰤人工苗叉长40-50mm，体质量1．5-1．7g，经208d养殖，叉长达到330-388mm，体质量达到950-1400g，饲料系数为11，成活率为71．7％；养殖720d，体质量达4．5-6．5k，饲料系数为8；养殖l080d，体质量达7．5-11．5kg，饲料系数为7；养殖l440d，体质量达13．，15．5k异，饲料系数为6；养殖l800d，体质量达15．5-18．5kg，饲料系数为5。第4年性腺发育成熟，4-5月份，海上网箱人工催产，平均每尾雌鱼可产卵1．8kg左右。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.