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1.
M. A. Adewole Osunade 《The Professional geographer》1988,40(2):194-201
Procedures for soil suitability classification by small farmers of southwestern Nigeria are examined. Data were collected through interviews with 225 farmers at group and individual levels. The survey relied on the farmers'perception of some observable soil properties in the field. Soil properties included texture, color, organic matter, drainage condition of soil, and bulk density. The farmers determine soil types year round, irrespective of season, unlike the Hanunoo system. While soil types were identified by their texture and color characteristics, suitability classes were defined principally by texture. Eighteen soil types and four soil classes were identified for soil suitability classification projects designed for small farmers. The reliability and viability of the results of this study need to be verified through on-farm experiments. 相似文献
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Henrik Breuning-Madsen Thilde Bech Bruun Bo Elberling 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(1):85-99
One of the challenges of evaluating existing traditional farming systems is to combine local knowledge and modern scientific methods and terminology. This requires an evaluation of indigenous soil classification in modern terms. This paper focuses on an indigenous soil classification system developed by local farmers on the island of Bellona, Solomon Islands. The definitions of the different soil types are described and the principles of the classification system and the applicability of ethnopedology in soil surveys are discussed. Based on interviews with about 20 per cent of the farmers on the island as well as standard soil chemical and physical determinations on main soil types, an evaluation of the soil types for cultivation of various crops is carried out. The soils on Bellona are developed on oolitic or clayey phosphate-rich deposits forming the basis for the agriculture production on the island. The Bellonese soil classification system is mainly based on the physical properties of the humus-containing top layer. Subsoil layers are only used for classification if they are very close to the surface and may be mixed with the topsoil. Results show a general agreement among farmers, who perceive the same four out of seven soil types as highly useful for cultivation and rank these soil types similarly according to their suitability for different crops such as yam, watermelon, cassava and sweet potato. It is concluded that the indigenous soil classification is in line with the soil production potential and useful for land evaluation on Bellona. 相似文献
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黄土丘陵小流域土壤物理性质的 空间变异 总被引:43,自引:2,他引:43
黄土丘陵小流域土壤物理性质在景观尺度上的空间变异以质地、容重和饱和含水量最小,稳定入渗率最大,团稳性与粘结力居中,不同土地利用类型之间诸项物理性质都存在显著差异,土壤质地以林地的砂粒含量显著偏低但粉粒含量显著高于其它土地利用类型,休闲地的粉粒含量显著较低;容重以林地显著偏大,耕地较小;饱和含水量以灌木地较大,林地显著偏低,土壤团稳性以林地显著偏高,耕地显著偏低;土壤粘结力以灌木地,林地,荒地和休闲地显著较强,耕地显著较弱;稳定入渗率以灌木地显著较高,间作地显著较低,就坡形来说,垂直与水平凹形坡的砂粒含量都显著较低而粉粒含量比较高,相反直形坡的砂粒比较高而粉粒含量显著较低;饱和含水量与稳定入渗率都是以垂直直形坡较高,垂直凹形坡则较低,就坡向而言,偏东坡的土壤粘结力显著低于偏西坡;偏北坡土壤质地比偏南坡粘性强,但稳定入渗率低,稳定入渗率还随坡度的增大而增高,随着海拔的升高,土壤砂粒含量与稳定入渗率增高,而粘粒含量与团稳性呈降低趋势。 相似文献
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土地利用方式对西藏东部河谷山地土壤肥力性质的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过现场调查取样和室内理化分析,研究了西藏东部主要河谷地区不同土地利用方式下土壤肥力性质及其随土地利用方式变化的机制。结果表明:不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质有明显的差异,耕地和裸地土壤砂粒含量高于其他利用方式,本区域土壤砂质特征明显;受有机质积累影响,乔木林地、灌丛地土壤具有相对较高N素养分;受施肥等因素影响,农耕地土壤具有相对较高P、K养分;在所有利用方式中,裸地土壤尽管具有相对较高的粉粒含量,但所有养分指标均最低,显著低于林地土壤。总之,对于西藏脆弱生境而言,耕作使得有机质更易于消耗。由于有机质与植被之间存在明显互相促进的作用,因此维持土壤有机质平衡对于恢复植被、保护青藏高原东缘生态屏障具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Landform classification is commonly done using topographic altitude only.However,practice indicates that locations at a same altitude may have distinctly different landforms,depending on characteristics of soils underneath those locations.The objectives of this study were to:1) develop a landform classification approach that is based on both altitude and soil characteristic;and 2) use this approach to determine landforms within a watershed located in northern Ordos Plateau of China.Using data collected at 134 out of 200 sampling sites,this study determined that D10(the diameter of soil particles 10% finer by weight) and long-term average soil moisture acquired in 2010,which can be estimated at reasonable accuracy from remote sensing imagery,can be used to represent soil characteristics of the study watershed.Also,the sampling data revealed that this watershed consists of nine classes of landforms,namely mobile dune(MD),mobile semi-mobile dune(SMD),rolling fixed semi-fixed dune(RFD),flat sandy land(FD),grassy sandy land(GS),bedrock(BR),flat sandy bedrock(FSB),valley agricultural land(VA),and swamp and salt lake(SW).A set of logistic regression equations were derived using data collected at the 134 sampling sites and verified using data at the remaining 66 sites.The verification indicated that these equations have moderate classification accuracy(Kappa coefficients > 43%).The results revealed that the dominant classes in the study watershed are FD(36.3%),BR(27.0%),and MD(23.5%),while the other six types of landforms(i.e.,SMD,RFD,GS,FSB,VA,and SW) in combination account for 13.2%.Further,the landforms determined in this study were compared with the classes pre-sented by a geologically-based classification map.The comparison indicated that the geo-logically-based classification could not identify multiple landforms within a class that are de-pendent upon soil characteristics. 相似文献
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Sampling efforts are constrained by limited availability of resources. Therefore, methods to reduce the number of samples, while still achieving reasonable accuracy are needed. Land-surface segmentation (LSS) has proven a powerful technique to partition digital elevation models (DEMs) and their derivatives into relatively homogeneous areas, which can be further employed as support in soil sampling. Though topography is one of the main soil forming factors, a robust assessment of the potential of this technique to digital soil mapping (DSM) is still missing. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential of LSS in stratifying a landscape into relatively homogeneous areas, which can be used as strata for guiding the selection of sampling points in DSM. The experiments were carried out in two study areas where soil samples were available. Land-surface derivatives were derived from DEMs and segmented with a tool based on the multiresolution segmentation algorithm, into objects considered as homogeneous soil-landscape divisions. Thus, one sample was randomly selected within each segment from the existing sample data, based on which predictions of soil classes/sub-orders and properties, i.e. soil texture and A-horizon thickness, were made. Results were compared with predictions based on simple random sampling (SRS) and conditioned Latin hypercube (cLHS). The segmentation-based sampling (SBS) scheme performed better than SRS and cLHS schemes in predicting the A-horizon thickness, soil texture fractions and soil classes, showing a high potential of LSS in stratifying a landscape for the purposes of DSM. The novelty of this study is in the way strata are constructed, rather than in the sampling design itself. Further research is needed to demonstrate the value of a SBS design for practical use. The analyses presented here further highlight the importance of considering locally adaptive techniques in optimization of sampling schemes and predictions of soil properties. 相似文献
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基于计算机图形学的土壤质地自动分类系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国内外通行的国际制、美国农部制等土壤质地分类制, 均采用传统的人工查找平面正三角 坐标图方法获取质地名称, 这对大批量土样费时费力、精度难以控制。结合国外土壤质地计算机 分类方法研究的状况, 本文基于计算机图形学技术, 利用Visual Basic 平台, 设计并完成了更具实 用性、更便于国内使用的土壤质地自动分类系统( STAC) 。STAC 系统的特点是简单、方便、快速、 直观, 具有单个或批量土壤质地的自动分类、图形显示、统计、分析以及支持用户自定义分类制等 多种功能。文中着重阐述了其中的计算机图形学实现原理和关键技术。 相似文献
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利用限制性评分方法确定土地农业适宜性等级──以澳大利亚新南维尔士州为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据土地适宜性评价的概念和世界粮农组织提出的土地适宜性等级的划分规范,以澳大利亚新南维尔士州为例阐述了利用限制性评分方法确定土地农业适宜性等级的原理。 相似文献
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荒漠-绿洲区是干旱区地表景观格局变化最频繁的地区,深入研究荒漠-绿洲区不同景观格局土壤环境的差异对揭示干旱区生态系统过程至关重要。本研究通过采集石羊河流域荒漠、过渡带和绿洲土壤样品,综合运用多种分析方法,研究荒漠-绿洲区不同景观格局土壤理化属性的差异及其相互作用关系。结果表明:从荒漠、过渡带到绿洲景观,土壤质地和持水性能在不断好转,酸碱度和盐分状况变化不大,养分状况则表现为荒漠和过渡带具有近乎相同的有机碳和全氮含量,绿洲具有显著增加的有机碳、全氮和全磷含量。在不同深度上,荒漠景观土壤理化属性几乎没有变化;过渡带土壤质地由表层至深层不断改善,含水量逐层增大,全磷含量缓慢增加,C∶N和C∶P的值波动减小;绿洲景观土壤含水量由表层至深层显著增加,养分含量显著降低,C∶N和C∶P的值显著减小。总体而言,荒漠景观土壤理化属性的分异程度最小,绿洲景观分异程度最大,过渡带景观在土壤质地和含水量方面的分异程度较大,在土壤养分方面的分异程度较小。此外,过渡带景观土壤理化属性的自相关程度最高,且土壤质地是引起其他土壤理化属性分异的主要原因。 相似文献
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绿洲是由农田、林地、沙荒地、湖泊和湿地等多种景观组成的镶嵌体,农田、林地、沙荒地是该镶嵌体的主要组成部分。探究不同土地利用土壤入渗特征对深入了解绿洲内部水循环和水转化具有重要意义。本文研究了农田、防护林地和沙荒地3种土地利用方式0—40 cm土层土壤物理性质及入渗特征,探讨不同土地利用对土壤入渗特征的影响及其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用土壤质地差异显著,较沙荒地,防护林地和农田0—40 cm土层土壤黏粉粒含量分别增加了100.25%和285.23%,土地利用对干密度和总孔隙度影响较小,仅防护林地表层(0—10 cm)干密度减小(1.37±0.12 g·cm-3)、总孔隙度增大(48.22%±4.56%);(2)不同土地利用方式土壤入渗性能存在显著差异,与沙荒地相比,农田和防护林地土壤初始入渗率分别减小了75.49%和37.05%,饱和导水率分别减小了80.04%和42.02%;(3)不同土地利用方式显著影响土壤水流模式,防护林地和农田土壤水流入渗非均匀性显著高于沙荒地,其优先流比分别是沙荒地土壤的3.84倍和5.46倍;(4)土壤初始入渗率和饱和导水率与黏粉粒含量显著负相关,优先流比和长度指数与黏粉粒含量和总孔隙度显著正相关,土壤入渗性能和水流模式均受土壤质地的影响,表明土壤质地是土地利用对土壤入渗影响的关键因子。 相似文献
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青海湖流域土壤可蚀性K值研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
以土壤亚类为基础,依据青海省第二次土壤普查资料建立了青海湖流域土壤亚类理化性质数据库.使用Wischmeier建立的通用方程计算土壤可蚀性K值,利用三次样条函数插值方法转换不同粒径标准的土壤质地;分别使用土壤有机质含量和土壤最小饱和水力传导率来确定土壤的结构和渗透级别.根据计算结果,建立了青海湖流域土壤可蚀性的分级指标.结果显示,中等和高等可蚀性K值的土壤面积分别占流域土壤总面积的72.1%和15.5%,土壤易于侵蚀.使用Arc/Info对青海湖流域土壤地图进行数字化得到值的K空间分布图,分析了流域可蚀性K值的分布规律及其土壤沙化原因,这对青海湖流域水土保持及流域长期规划具有重要意义. 相似文献
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延津县风沙土系黄河故道主流沉沙经风力搬运后发育而成,因而形成的各类土壤均具有质地轻粗,有机质贫乏,保肥能力弱和富钾缺磷等特点。所以,在改良利用上应该积极营造防护林,引黄淤灌,创造细土层,改造粗骨性,大力施用有机肥,因地制宜,综合发展,并以广开肥源,种植绿肥,培育和提高土壤肥力为重点。 相似文献
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在对湿地土壤分类研究进展分析的基础上,按照湿地土壤的独特规律,参考中国第二次土壤普查的分类标准、美国土壤分类标准和中国最新的土壤系统分类的标准,对中国湿地土壤类型进行了重新划分。根据成土过程、人类活动、有机物的含量、土壤化学物质含量、地貌条件等因素,将中国湿地土壤划分为土纲、亚纲、土类、亚类、土族、土系6个级别。对中国湿地土壤分类的研究,有利于湿地科学研究中对土壤的认识有统一的标准,同时对土壤分类学也具有重要意义。 相似文献
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滇东北山区坡耕地水土流失与可持续利用图的基本内容与编制方法 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
坡耕地水土流失与可持续利用图是综合表示滇东北山区各个坡耕地单元的水土流失状况及其可持续利用的专题地图。该图表示的基本内容是坡耕地类型、土壤类型、坡度级别、侵蚀强度、可持续利用程度、合理利用方向与措施。以土壤流失方程为基础,应用地理信息系统编制了该图。该图的编制为治理本区坡耕地水土流失、合理利用坡耕地资源提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
统计分析了干旱沙漠地区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征及其与土壤沙粒(>0.05mm)、粉粒(0.05~0.002mm)和粘粒(<0.002mm)含量和土壤养分状况间的关系。结果表明:土壤颗粒分形维数随恢复时间延长有增大的趋势,土壤颗粒分形维数大小与土壤质地的细粒化有一致的变化趋势。0.05mm粒径成为土壤各粒径的分界值--即土壤分形维数的临界粒径,大于这一粒径颗粒含量越高,土壤分形维数越小;而小于这一粒径的颗粒含量越高,分形维数越大。土壤各养分状况均与土壤颗粒分形维数有极显著的线性正相关关系(p<0.0001),表明了土壤颗粒分形维数能客观地反映土壤肥力特征。在干旱沙漠地区,伴随着植被恢复和流沙固定,土壤颗粒分形维数可作为一个评价土壤演变程度的综合定量指标。 相似文献
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利用分形理论解决不同土粒分级标准间土壤质地资料的转换问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于分形理论,选取黄土高原南部厢寺川林场地区20个典型样点,每个样点取3个剖面,共60个土样的实测土壤颗粒粒径分布数据,分别应用分形模型、对数正态模型、逻辑生长模型、WEIBULL模型预测土壤颗粒累积百分含量,提出一种预测土壤颗粒粒径分布的分形模型。结果表明,在0.002~0.1mm粒级范围内,分形模型对已知土壤资料的粒级个数和预测粒级的大小等因素并不敏感,具有较高的预测精度和稳定性;与对数正态模型、逻辑生长模型和WEIBULL模型相比,分形模型的总体预测误差最小且未出现大误差数据,可以有效对不同土粒分级标准间土壤质地资料进行转换。 相似文献