The suburbanization of poverty? An alternative perspective

A popular and powerful narrative focuses on a crisis of suburban decline in the United States. However, a consensus regarding the scope and scale of one dimension of suburban decline—poverty—is hindered by the use of contradictory definitions of suburban space. This research presents an alternative approach to measuring suburban poverty that is less computationally intensive yet capable of capturing complex shifts in the spatial distribution of poverty within metropolitan areas. An analysis of the distribution of poverty in the largest 100 metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2007–11 concludes that while poverty is increasing in the low-density suburbs of a handful of large metropolitan areas, the more general trend in most other metropolitan areas is an increase in poverty in moderately dense residential areas. Implicated in these trends are long-term trends in metropolitan area economic growth, a secular decline in inner-ring suburbs, and the impact of gentrification on housing opportunities for at-risk populations in large cities.     

The role of fluid inclusions in mineral exploration—An attempt on the Bihar Mica Belt of India

Fluid inclusions and melt inclusions have been considered as possible guides for mineral exploration by many researchers. However, the minuteness of the fluid inclusions and the multiplicity of generations within the same deposit have always posed serious problems in the proper utilization of fluid-inclusion data in prospecting.Fluid inclusions preserve a valid and comprehensive record of the fluids coexisting with host minerals at the time of crystallization. A careful comparison of fluid-inclusion parameters and deposit characteristics enables one to distinguish between economically significant and insignificant zones of pegmatites.A systematic study of different pegmatites in an area of about 100 km² in the central part of the Bihar Mica Belt, India, was made. Mineralogical, fluid-inclusion, and melt-inclusion data of the principal mineral constituents like quartz, beryl, and apatite were collected. Thirty-three occurrences were chosen for the study. Pegmatites were grouped into economically significant (commercial) and barren (noncommercial) types. The fluid-inclusion parameters used in this study are size, population, presence of liquid carbon dioxide, salinity, and temperature of homogenization.Economically significant pegmatites and barren pegmatites have distinctly different populations of fluid inclusions. Economic pegmatites show a preponderance of highly saline, polyphase fluid inclusions, commonly with liquid carbon dioxide; these fluid inclusions homogenize over a wide range of temperature. Their size ranges from 50 m to 10 m. On the other hand, quartz of barren pegmatites is characterized by the preponderance of vapor-rich biphase inclusions, which homogenize at a relatively narrower but higher range of temperature. Fluid inclusions that contain halite daughter crystals are rare. The average size of the fluid inclusions in barren pegmatites is smaller (5 m to 20 m). Melt inclusions are more abundant in the barren pegmatites.     

The geomorphologist S. S. Voskresenskii — An explorer of Siberia and the Far East

An outline is given of the career and scientific and teaching activity of the outstanding geomorphologist, professor of Moscow State University S.S. Voskresenskii, who created new scientific directions in the study of topography. He is rightfully given credit for geographical investigations of Siberia and the Far East in the latter half of the 20^th century.     

The Availability of Critical Minerals for China’s Renewable Energy Development: An Analysis of Physical Supply

Natural Resources Research - In the context of depletion of fossil energy and environmental impacts of its use, society has begun to develop vigorously renewable energy (RE). As a result, concerns...     

Research Note—The Ebb and Flow of Temporary Populations: The Dimensions of Spatial-Temporal Distributions of Daytime Visitors in the Netherlands

In a network society, the increasing fragmentation of individual activity and travel patterns has a major impact on visitors' use of places and spaces throughout the day. The aim of this study is to determine the main dimensions underlying diurnal weekday variations in visitor populations in Dutch municipalities, and to identify the salient spatial and transportation-related features of these municipalities that contribute to the dimensions of these temporary populations. Using the 1998 Netherlands National Travel Survey for six representative one-hour time periods, we performed an exploratory factor analysis to capture the underlying dimensions. The solution comprised one dimension referring to participation in activities, two dimensions related to the size of the territory in which visitor populations operate combined with the use of different transport modes, one dimension expressing the direction in which interlocal movement occurs, and three dimensions capturing different life-cycle stages within the visitor population.     

The corridor effect of metropolitan spatialextension and optimization of landscape structure—the case of Beijing

TherehavebeenseveraldozensofyearssincethedevelopmentandstUdyofthemetropolitanareasindevelopedcountries.Atpresent,somemetropolisesaresteppingintothestageofmetropolitandevelopmentinChina.Thegeneraltrendisunavoidablethatbuilt-upareaexpandsandrurallandturnsintourbanones.Butunderthedriveofgoingmerelyaftereconomicbenefit,man}.'collectivesandindividualsillegallyoccupycultivatedlandandgreenbelts,whichintensifiesurbanenvironmentalpollution,wasteslandresourceandmakesthebuilt-upareaexpanduncontrollabl}'…