渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷古近系烃源岩生物标志物特征及其地质意义

渤中凹陷位于渤海湾盆地中东部, 主要发育沙三、沙一和东三段烃源岩层, 具有良好的油气勘探前景, 前期对渤中凹陷有机地球化学特征的研究主要基于岩屑样品, 对岩心样品生物标志物特征的研究比较薄弱。本次研究综合利用岩心和岩屑样品, 通过有机碳、岩石热解、氯仿沥青"A"、族组分饱和烃色谱-质谱等有机地球化学分析测试, 重点对渤中凹陷古近系东营组三段和沙河街组一段、三段烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、成熟度及母质来源与沉积环境进行研究, 明确了渤中凹陷三套泥页岩的地球化学特征及发育控制因素, 并建立了区分3套烃源岩的典型生物标志化合物组合特征, 以期望为进一步厘清该区域优质烃源岩发育模式及时空分布提供一定的理论依据, 进而有利于该区油气的勘探。研究结果表明: 3套烃源岩的生烃潜力具有显著差异, 沙三段>沙一段>东三段。沙三段烃源岩有机质丰度最高, 为好-极好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁型, 处于成熟阶段; 沙一段次之, 为中等-好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型, 整体处于成熟阶段; 东三段稍差, 为中等烃源岩, 有机质类型以Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型为主, 处于低熟-成熟阶段。岩心样品的生物标志化合物中姥植比(Pr/Ph)、伽马蜡烷指数(Ga/C₃₀H)、C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉规则甾烷含量、4-甲基甾烷指数(4-MS/C₂₉甾烷)等参数表明母质输入和沉积环境是控制3套湖相烃源岩差异的主控因素, 淡水藻源输入和良好的保存条件是沙三段优质烃源岩发育的关键, 低等水生生物输入和强还原的保存条件是沙一段优质烃源岩发育的关键, 混源输入和良好的保存条件是东三段优质烃源岩发育的关键。      

塔东古城地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩中钠长石的发现及其地质意义

综合应用岩石薄片显微镜鉴定、电子探针分析、阴极发光显微分析及流体包裹体温度测试等,研究塔东古城地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩的岩石矿物学特征.结果表明:塔里木盆地古城地区中下奥陶统灰岩中发育钠长石自生矿物,钠长石的发育和分布具有独特性,集中发育于鹰山组灰岩地层,以偶见、分散状和沿缝合线富集3种产状分布,主要交代灰岩微晶方解石沉积组分及海底胶结物方解石等早期成岩组分;钠长石的流体温度较高,温度在340~440℃之间,与沉积时或沉积期后不久的浅海岩浆热液喷流作用有关;钠长石被晚期热液鞍状白云石交代,被缝合线及构造裂缝切割改造,为古城地区第一期热液地质作用.该地区钠长石的发现丰富塔里木盆地热液地质作用的矿物学标志,为研究热液地质作用期次和热液演化史提供依据.     

Discovery of Late Permian Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in Qinghe valley of northern Liaoning and its geologic significance

Jianshanzi volcanic rocks at Qinghe valley in the northern Liaoning were considered belonging to Early Proterozoie Gaojiayu Formation of Liaohe Group, or to Early Cambrian Beidagou Formation of Qinghezhen Group, or Middle-Late Proterozoic Shenjiapu Formation-Complex of Kaiyuan Group-complex. Dating the zircons from the dacite with schistosity is 2 506 Ma in method of U-Pb （SHRIMP）. This evidence indicates the rocks may be referred to Late Permian in age. Discovery of the rocks is significant to re-recognize stratigraphic property of ＂Liaohe Group＂, regional geoteetonie location and revolution of orogenic zone in Qinghe valley of the northern Liaoning.     

Discovery of Late Permian Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in Qinghe valley of northern Liaoning and its geologic significance

Jianshanzi volcanic rocks at Qinghe valley in the northern Liaoning were considered belonging to Early Proterozoic Gaojiayu Formation of Liaohe Group, or to Early Cambrian Beidagou Formation of Qinghezhen Group, or Middle-Late Proterozoic Shenjiapu Formation-Complex of Kaiyuan Group-complex. Dating the zircons from the dacite with schistosity is 2 506 Ma in method of U-Pb (SHRIMP). This evidence indicates the rocks may be referred to Late Permian in age. Discovery of the rocks is significant to re-recognize stratigraphic property of "Liaohe Group", regional geotectonic location and revolution of orogenic zone in Qinghe valley of the northern Liaoning.     

塔里木盆地东北部侏罗系烃源岩特征及初步评价

塔里木盆地是中国最大的含油气盆地,其东北部的侏罗系分布面积广、厚度大,主要发育一套煤系烃源岩.根据钻井及大量的实验测试等资料,研究了侏罗系煤系烃源岩的发育特征及其有机地球化学、有机岩石学特征,表明其有机质丰度较高,达到中等-好级别;有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主、Ⅱ型为辅;有机质热演化程度处于未成熟-低成熟阶段,部分地区可能达成熟阶段;烃源岩主要生烃显微组分为基质镜质体,少量孢子体、角质体和碎屑壳质体.综合分析表明,塔里木盆地侏罗系烃源岩具备一定的生烃条件和油气勘探前景.     

Geochemical characteristics of Early Cretaceous source rocks in Boli Basin

The Early Cretaceous deposits are composed of important source rocks in Boli Basin. The types of the source rocks include black mudstones and coal （with carbonaceous mudstone）. By the organic geochemical analysis methods, the authors discussed the organic petrological characters, abundance of organic matter, degree of maturity and the type of source rocks. The main micro-component of black mudstone is exinite or vitrinite, and the content of vitrinite is high in coal. The weathering of the outcrop is very serious. The abundance of organic matter in source rock reaches the poor to better rank. The major kerogens in mudstone are type- Ⅲ, type- Ⅱ 2 and some type- Ⅱ 1 ; the organic type of coal is type-Ⅲ. The thermal evolution of the source rocks in every structural unit is very different, from low-maturity to over-maturity. The depositional environment is reductive, which is good for the preservation of organic matter. The organic matter in source rocks is mainly from aquatic organisms and terrigenous input.     

Geochemical characteristics of Early Cretaceous source rocks in Boli Basin

The Early Cretaceous deposits are composed of important source rocks in Boli Basin. The types of the source rocks include black mudstones and coal (with carbonaceous mudstone). By the organic geochemical analysis methods, the authors discussed the organic petrological characters, abundance of organic matter, degree of maturity and the type of source rocks. The main micro-component of black mudstone is exinite or vitrinite, and the content of vitrinite is high in coal. The weathering of the outcrop is very serious. The abundance of organic matter in source rock reaches the poor to better rank. The major kerogens in mudstone are type-Ⅲ, type-Ⅱ2 and some type-Ⅱ1; the organic type of coal is type-Ⅲ. The thermal evolution of the source rocks in every structural unit is very different, from low-maturity to over-maturity. The depositional environment is reductive, which is good for the preservation of organic matter. The organic matter in source rocks is mainly from aquatic organisms and terrigenous input.     

铀对古老烃源岩有机质生烃影响——以华北花园地区下马岭组元古界烃源岩为例

选取华北花园地区下马岭组元古界低成熟泥页岩为代表的低成熟古老烃源岩,制备成干酪根,分别在正常和含铀条件下进行高压釜黄金管生烃模拟实验,探讨铀对古老烃源岩有机质生烃的影响。结果表明:铀影响古老烃源岩有机质生烃产率和热演化,降低有机质生烃中甲烷的形成,使液态烃的生成滞后,并在成熟—过成熟阶段抑制液态烃的裂解,总烃产率不变;二氧化碳和氢气产率明显提升;含铀条件下生成的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和二氧化碳的δ~(13)C值比正常条件的轻,铀可抑制有机质生烃的热演化,降低有机质成熟度,与铀共生的古老烃源岩生成的油气更容易保存。     

莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育主控因素及模式

中新统海相烃源岩是中国近海莺歌海盆地主要油气供给层段，也是我国新生代海相烃源岩的典型代表。综合利用地质、地球化学和古生物等资料，在烃源岩有机地球化学特征分析的基础上，探讨了莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育的主控因素，并建立了相应的形成模式。结果表明，莺歌海盆地发育中等-好级别的中新统海相烃源岩，并具有较强的横向与纵向非均质性；中新统海相烃源岩受古气候、古生产力、水介质条件、沉积速率及海平面变化等因素的综合影响，发育以莺东斜坡带梅山组、三亚组为代表的海相陆源型和以东方区、乐东区梅山组为代表的海相内源型2种模式，其中以海相内源型烃源岩生烃条件最为优越。      

塔里木盆地顺北地区一间房组台地碳酸盐岩异常泥质含量与断裂带距离及裂缝发育关系

在塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系走滑断裂带寻找碳酸盐岩"断溶体"型油气藏成为近年来油气勘探的热点。多口钻井显示顺北1号主走滑断裂带"断溶体"裂缝发育部位普遍具有异常高的自然伽马测井值。因此,可以根据异常高泥质含量参数来反映裂缝发育程度,进而指示含泥"断溶体"储层的发育位置。首先利用GeoEast软件提取了顺北1号走滑断裂带T₇4界面（一间房组顶）相干体属性并进行了断裂解释。根据5口井一间房组自然伽马测井数据,探讨了台地碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带断核和损伤带异常高泥质含量值与主干断裂带距离和裂缝发育程度之间的关系。结果表明:顺北地区奥陶系一间房组台地碳酸盐岩沉积环境稳定,背景泥质含量较低;NE向主走滑断裂带核部和裂缝发育部位的泥质含量远高于台地碳酸盐岩背景值,具有随着离主干断裂带距离增大和裂缝发育程度下降而降低的变化趋势,最终接近其背景值。由此表明,可利用自然伽马测井计算泥质含量,间接指示走滑断裂带"断溶体"储层发育程度。该研究为深层-超深层走滑断裂带储层评价提供了一种新的思路。