闽东滨海湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

以闽东滨海湿地为研究对象,在实地调查和查阅相关资料的基础上,将闽东滨海湿地生态系统划分为水域、潮间裸滩、农田、人工库塘和养殖场5个类型,确定物质生产、气候调节、水文调节、污染净化、生物栖息地、教育科研以及休闲旅游为闽东滨海湿地生态系统主导的服务功能,并采用市场价值法、造林成本法、影子工程法、费用替代法以及碳税法等方法来评估各项生态系统服务功能价值。结果表明:闽东滨海湿地生态系统的服务功能总价值量为1510262万元,其中物质生产功能的价值量最大,为856701万元,其次是污染净化的功能价值,为448844万元。     

杭州湾国家湿地公园湿地生态系统服务价值评估

杭州湾国家湿地公园属庵东沼泽区国家重要湿地,具有多种重要的湿地生态系统功能。通过野外调查和功能模拟实验,结合杭州湾湿地10 a定位观测数据,使用市场价值方法、碳税方法、影子工程方法、旅行费用方法等生态系统服务评估方法,对研究区的各项生态系统服务进行了价值估算。研究结果表明,杭州湾国家湿地公园湿地生态系统服务总价值约为419.5×106元,单位价值为65 786.58元/(hm~2·a),水质净化、物质资源、生物多样性保护、旅游休闲、涵养水源、保持土壤、气候调节、大气调节、固碳、文教科研的服务价值依次减小。其中,水质净化、物质资源、生物多样性保护服务是杭州湾国家湿地公园湿地生态系统的主导服务。研究结果有助于人们更加直观地认识湿地生态系统服务的重要性,同时也为湿地生态系统的保护和管理以及合理的开发利用提供科学的依据。     

若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统服务价值评价

在总结前人分类的基础上,将湿地生态系统服务分为中间服务和最终服务两部分,以最终服务的价值作为湿地生态系统服务的总价值。以若尔盖高寒湿地为例,筛选其最终服务和评价指标体系,运用市场价值法、替代成本法和旅行费用法等价值评价方法,定量评估了2011年若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统的服务价值。结果表明,2011年若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统服务总价值为176.9×108元,单位面积服务价值为10.4×104元/hm2。在所评价的8项最终服务中,大气调节价值最大,占总服务价值的44.3%,其后依次为调蓄洪水价值、休闲娱乐价值、固碳价值、供水价值、物质生产价值、土壤保持价值和科研教育价值。若尔盖高寒湿地不仅是黄河上游重要的蓄洪区,同时在大气调节和固碳等方面对人们生产、生活有较大影响。     

兰州银滩湿地区域生态经济价值评估

通过分析人工湿地的生态系统服务功能,阐述了黄河湿地生物多样性保护与水文调控生态功能区的重要性,计算了兰州银滩湿地的固碳释氧、空气质量调节、水源涵养和科研文化四项核心生态经济价值。结果表明：银滩湿地核心生态经济价值理论值为1 623.7万元,其中固碳释氧和科研文化价值实现率较高,分别为324.88万元和11.53万元。但现状水分供给、生态结构方面尚存在不合理之处,通过合理配置树草种构成,优化引水渠道等措施,该湿地将发挥更大的生态经济效益。     

成都市环城生态区人工湿地生态系统服务评价

人工湿地生态系统服务评价对人工湿地的规划和建设具有重要意义。以成都市环城生态区为研究对象,基于层次分析法和模糊隶属度函数法构建人工湿地生态系统服务综合评价体系,并进行生态系统服务评价。结果表明:成都市环城生态区内人工湿地生态系统服务评价指数为0.517,整体服务水平良好,能够在一定程度上发挥人工湿地的生态服务功能。其中物质生产服务、生态调节服务和文化科研服务分别为0.0511、0.1210和0.3447,各类服务贡献率分别为10%、23.4%和66.6%。评价结果不仅能提高公众和管理部门对成都市环城生态区的认识,也有助于进一步推进成都市人工湿地的规划和建设工作。     

神农架大九湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

为理解湿地生态系统的价值动态过程,利用市场价值法、替代工程法、旅行费用法和成果转移法等方法,评估了神农架大九湖湿地11项生态系统服务功能价值。结果表明:神农架大九湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值总量为35.81亿元,是2018年神农架林区生产总值的1.25倍,价值量大小依次为:水资源供给休闲娱乐大气调节调蓄洪水降解污染释放氧气固碳土壤保持科研教育生物栖息地维持物质产品。另外,水资源供给、休闲娱乐和大气调节3个服务功能价值占主导,占价值总量的97%,为大九湖湿地保护修复和生态补偿提供理论支撑。     

广西会仙湿地生态系统服务功能和价值评估

广西会仙湿地是由岩溶湖泊、沼泽、河流等组成的亚热带岩溶湿地。目前会仙湿地退化十分严重,通过运用当量因子法,对会仙湿地生态服务功能开展了定性分类和价值评估。结果表明:广西会仙湿地生态服务功能总价值为10.425亿元/a,其中直接使用价值为2.995亿元/a,间接使用价值为7.430亿元/a。间接使用价值约是直接使用价值的2.5倍。水文调节、美学景观等6项主导服务功能价值占总价值的90.94%。直接使用价值中,旅游收益最高,食物生产价值偏低。间接使用价值中调节功能最显著,但湿地的降污净化能力不明显。     

青海湖高寒湿地生态系统服务价值动态

以1987、2000、2010年3个时期的TM影像为主要数据源,基于对中国生态系统单位面积服务价值的生物量修订,研究了青海湖湿地生态系统服务价值的动态特征。结果表明：1987-2010年青海湖高寒湿地总生态系统服务价值增加到了232.34亿元,年均增加0.18亿元,其中,湖泊、高寒草甸、高寒沼泽和温性草原生态系统服务价值是其主要构成部分。人类活动行为和气候变化驱动着其生态服务价值动态。研究区生态服务功能以水文调节、废物处理、气候调节、维持生物多样性功能为主,此4种功能的价值占到了总价值的70%以上。近24年里除原材料生产功能外,其他各项生态系统服务功能均在不同程度地增加,生态服务价值波动最大的是水文调节、废物处理和气候调节功能。     

三江平原湿地生态系统固碳功能及其价值评估

固碳是湿地生态系统一项重要的服务功能。以三江平原（不包括完达山以南的穆棱—兴凯平原）为研究区,选取沼泽湿地、水稻田（人工湿地）、旱田为研究对象,通过固碳量及价值量评估方法,对比分析1982年、1995年、2000年和2005年三者固碳功能及其价值的差异。结果表明,随着沼泽湿地面积逐年萎缩,水稻田、旱田面积的增加,沼泽湿地固碳能力有所下降,而水稻田、旱田固碳能力则有不同程度的增加。4个时期沼泽湿地固碳价值均高于水稻田和旱田,除2000年外,水稻田的固碳价值低于旱田。2005年沼泽湿地固碳价值达751．957亿元,而水稻田和旱田固碳价值上限共计为52．945亿元。就固碳价值贡献率而言,历年沼泽湿地固碳价值贡献率高达93％以上;而水稻田单位面积固碳价值高于旱田。研究成果可为协调土地资源的开发利用,维持湿地生态系统碳“汇”功能提供数据参考。     

五个时期谷城汉江湿地的景观变化及其生态服务价值评估

南水北调工程是实施中国水资源优化配置和解决北方缺水问题的重大战略工程,它的修建将对汉江中下游流域湿地景观格局及价值产生重大影响。以汉江中游典型湿地——谷城汉江湿地为研究对象,应用遥感和地理信息技术,利用1991年、2000年、2007年、2013年和2017年的Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI影像,采用支持向量机和人工解译的分类方法,对研究区地物进行遥感分类,研究5个时期谷城汉江湿地的景观格局及其变化;采用修正的生态系统服务价值系数,估算了5个时期谷城汉江湿地的生态系统服务价值。研究结果表明,与1991年相比,2007年,谷城汉江湿地总面积减少,斑块数量增多,景观破碎度加大;与2007年相比,2017年,湿地面积在增大。谷城汉江湿地生态系统服务价值由1991年的4 813.98×10~4元减少至2007年的3 825.88×10~4元,2017年又增加至4 255.27×10~4元;在湿地的各种单项服务价值中,水文调节服务价值在5个时期中最大;在各种类型湿地中,河流生态系统的水文调节、废物处理、提供美学景观、维持生物多样性和食物生产服务价值都最大;江心洲的原材料生产和气体调节的服务价值都最大;河流和河漫滩气候调节的服务价值都较大;江心洲和河漫滩保持土壤的服务价值都较大。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .