四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼的红外吸收光谱研究

采用Fourier变换红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射技术对四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼进行了研究。红外吸收光谱结果表明:四川蛇纹石猫眼可分为纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石两种类型,两者在(960-1100)cm-1和(3600-3690)cm-1的范围内由Si-O伸缩振动的E1类振动和OH伸缩振动表现出的红外谱带分裂强度及谱带特征存在明显的差异。在(960- 1100)cm-1间:纤蛇蚊石的红外光谱分裂成三个明显的谱带,而叶蛇纹石在此区间只有两条谱带。在570cm-1附近的红外谱带以肩状出现;OH伸缩振动区:纤蛇蚊石出现两条红外谱带,而叶蛇蚊石只出现一条红外谱带。X射线粉晶衍射结果表明:叶蛇蚊石具有d202=0．2522nm(I/I0=19)和d203=0．2430nm(I／I0=18)的特征谱线,而纤蛇纹石则具有d202、006=0．2446nm(I／I0=29)的特征谱线,d020>0．245nm近0．249 nm的特征谱线缺失。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔煤田煤中超常富集勃姆石的发现

运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)和光学显微镜等技术,首次在鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔矿区6号巨厚煤层中发现了超常富集的勃姆石及其特殊的矿物组合,勃姆石含量可高达13.1%,与勃姆石伴生的矿物有磷锶铝石、锆石、金红石、菱铁矿、方铅矿、硒铅矿和硒方铅矿。重矿物的组合特征与华北地区本溪组铝土矿中的重矿物组合特征相似,高含量的勃姆石主要来源于聚煤盆地北偏东方向本溪组风化壳铝土矿,三水铝石以胶体溶液的形式从铝土矿中被短距离带入泥炭沼泽中,在泥炭聚积阶段和成岩作用早期经压实作用脱水凝聚而形成勃姆石。     

准格尔煤田哈尔乌素矿区6号煤层夹矸中勃姆石的分布及成因

运用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱以及偏光显微镜等手段对内蒙古准格尔煤田哈尔乌素矿区主采6号煤层夹矸的矿物成分进行了分析,结果表明:勃姆石在6号煤夹矸中分布广泛,尤其是在煤层中部层位局部含量高达87%,底部层位勃姆石含量逐渐减少,而在煤层的上部层位则基本不含勃姆石。结合偏光显微镜分析推断其形成方式主要为2种,其一是高岭石脱硅蚀变形成;其二是泥炭聚集时期,由来源于盆地边缘隆起的古风化壳的Al(OH)3胶体在成岩作用过程中经压实脱水形成。     

累托石的结晶度研究

本文用峰形分析法分析累托石的001X射线衍射峰特征;用001峰的半峰宽(W)测定累托石的结晶度(G),并令G=K/W=1为最大结晶度。文中测定了5个矿区10件累托石样品的结晶度,详细描述了不同结晶度累托石的X射线衍射、红外谱及差热曲线特征,讨论了研磨、热处理和改型对结晶度的影响,并阐明累托石的结晶度与造浆率之间呈正相关性。     

高山一带寿山石的主矿物研究

应用化学分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、差热热重等分析手段对高山寿山石进行了主矿物的研究.X射线衍射分析表明,高山石的主要矿物成分是迪开石,其主要衍射峰为0.412 4 nm、0.379 9 nm和0.232 6 nm,测得其结晶度指数介于1.29～1.4,分析认为高山石为结晶度中等的有序迪开石.红外光谱图中,高山石的高频区出现3 696.39 cm-1,3 652 cm-1和3 620.35 cm-1的吸收峰,是典型的迪开石羟基吸收带分裂形成的3个吸收峰.差热热重实验分析也证实了高山寿山石的主矿物种属.另外,扫描电镜观察显示高山寿山石以细鳞片状和假六方板状为主.     

谱学研究在印章石中的应用:以昌化石为例

在野外地质工作、显微镜下观察、电子探针分析和差热分析的基础上,运用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析对印章石(以著名的昌化石为例)进行了谱学分析。昌化石主要矿物成分为高岭石族矿物,主要为迪开石及高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物。通过X射线衍射图谱分析计算其结晶度指数(HI)表明,高岭石族矿物的结晶有序度存在明显的高低变化。红外光谱特征显示,其中属于外部羟基振动的3 697cm-1谱峰强度(A)与属于内部羟基振动的3 620cm-1谱峰强度(B)的比值随着结晶度指数的降低有逐渐升高的趋势,且比值A/B的大小可以大致用来区分高岭石和迪开石:一般高岭石比值大于1,而迪开石小于1。差热分析的结果也印证了高岭石族矿物有序度高低变化的现象,如:高岭石族矿物在加热到400℃～700℃时会出现一个强烈尖锐的吸热峰,吸热峰的强度及温度与其有序度的高低存在正相关性。当主要组成矿物成分为较纯净的迪开石时,其有序度相对较高,透明度也较好;当主要矿物成分为高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物时,其有序度较低,透明度也较差。X射线衍射分析和红外光谱都是研究分析印章石的有效方法,但X射线分析通常为有损分析,且仪器使用条件相对较高;而红外光谱则可以无损且具有扫描时间短等...     

一种仿金刚石膜的研究

针对客户声称的表面覆金刚石膜（DF）的合成立方氧化锆进行常规宝石学检测,结果发现,样品为覆膜合成立方氧化锆,但样品表面的覆膜层硬度低、光滑平整,与多晶金刚石膜的粒状结构及单晶金月1石膜表面定向排列的突起等特征均不相同。为了确定表面覆膜层的成分,采用小角X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和红外光谱仪对样品表面的覆膜层进行了物相分析、化学成分分析及谱学测试。X射线衍射分析表明样品表面的覆膜层属于非晶物相;X射线光电子能谱分析表明样品的膜层主要化学成分为C,F。结合薄膜材料资料分析,初步确定其表面覆膜层可能属于非晶氟化碳（a—C：F）膜;红外光谱分析结果显示样品表面的膜层所导致的1068cm-1处的特征峰,进一步验证了X射线衍射分析结论。综合结果表明,该样品表面的覆膜层为非晶氟化碳（a—C：F）膜,是一种仿金刚石膜。     

紫方钠石--一种光致变色的天然矿物材料

针对新产地的紫方钠石利用电子探针能谱、X射线粉末衍射、傅立叶红外光谱和电子顺磁共振谱进行初步的研究,发现其颜色随成分中S及Cl的质量分数比例而变化;晶体中含水,其中3 438 cm-1和1 623 cm-1分别为结晶水的伸缩振动锋和弯曲振动锋;由电子顺磁共振谱测得其△H=45.6 G,g因子为2.027±,表明其结构中存在S22-离子与卤素空位有关,因此变色效应是由于色心所引起.研究还表明该矿床的紫色方钠石是很好的光致变色材料.     

大别山区石英质玉宝石矿物学特征研究

大别山区石英质玉属新近发现的一种石英质玉（简称＂大别山玉＂）,具色彩绚丽、质地细腻温润等特点。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、化学分析、红外光谱分析等方法,重点对＂大别山玉＂的矿物组成、化学成分、物理光学性质、微结构、红外吸收光谱等特征进行研究。结果表明,＂大别山玉＂具较典型的微粒-细粒结构,主要矿物为石英,含少量的绢云母、绿泥石、萤石、黄铁矿及其它粘土矿物等次要矿物,实属石英质玉;其化学成分相对较纯,主成分为SiO2,含少量的Al2O3,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,FeO,K2O等;其红外反射光谱以Si—O非对称伸缩振动致特征的1177,1104 cm-1谱带、Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动致800,781cm-1分裂谱带以及由Si—O弯曲振动致492 cm-1较强谱带和542 cm-1弱谱带为特征。同时,还对＂大别山玉＂的结晶度及水的赋存状态一并给予了探讨。     

内蒙古阿刀亥矿晚古生代煤中矿物的赋存状态及成因

运用偏光显微镜、低温灰化+X射线衍射仪、带能谱的扫描电镜对内蒙古大青山煤田阿刀亥矿晚古生代CP2煤层中矿物的赋存状态及其成因进行了研究.研究表明阿刀亥矿CP2煤层中矿物包括硬水铝石、勃姆石、磷钡铝石、高岭石、铵伊利石、方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、锐钛矿、氟磷灰石、石英和黄铁矿.硬水铝石、勃姆石、磷钡铝石、高岭石和铵伊利石一般充填在丝质体、半丝质体、结构镜质体胞腔中或者分布在基质镜质体中.方解石和白云石主要充填在裂隙中.硬水铝石、勃姆石和磷钡铝石是由来源于本溪组铝土矿风化壳的物质在泥炭聚集时沉积形成的.铵伊利石是由于花岗岩侵入体的影响形成的.方解石和白云石可能来源于岩浆热液.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861