新疆洪古勒楞蛇绿岩套中辉石化学成分研究

洪古勒楞蛇绿岩层序出露较齐全,在岩石中保存了比较新鲜的造岩矿物。本文以电子探针分析数据为基础,讨论了其中辉石的化学成分特征,证明辉石化学成分受寄主岩石类型的制约:但在同一寄主岩石中,单斜辉石比斜方辉石富含较多的TiO_2、MnO和Cr_2O_3。统计分析表明,从蛇绿岩的底部到顶部,二种辉石的化学成分有相同的变化趋势:从富Cr_2O→MgO→Na_2O、K_2O→NiO→FeO→TiO_2、MnO。根据辉石的化学成分特征提出堆积岩可能为岩浆堆积成因的观点。     

西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带罗布莎地幔橄榄岩的成因

广泛分布在雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的地幔橄榄岩是没有蛇纹石化的新鲜岩石,因而通过显微镜下观察和全岩化学分布探索其成因和地幔活动,是十分有利和简便的。最近几年来,利用岩石化学资料揭示远洋橄榄岩,认为它不是原始地幔岩经分或分离熔化作用萃取出玄武岩熔体后的直接残余物。罗布落蛇绿岩橄的镜下观察和岩石化学资料也证明,它不是原始地幔岩经局部熔化后的残余物,而且由来自更深层的地幔过渡带的硅酸盐超高压矿物底辟上升经熔取     

新疆西准噶尔达拉布特蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩成因

达拉布特蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的主体为方辉橄榄岩,含少量纯橄岩和二辉橄榄岩,岩石遭受强烈蚀变。方辉橄榄岩单斜辉石、斜方辉石、橄榄石和尖晶石的主量元素特征均显示从深海地幔橄榄岩向SSZ地幔橄榄岩过渡的特征,与斜方辉石原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征一致,二辉橄榄岩具有深海地幔岩的性质。采用尖晶石-橄榄石平衡氧逸度计算方法,得出方辉橄榄岩的Δlog(fo2)FMQ在-0.14至+0.96log FMQ之间,具有MOR地幔橄榄岩向SSZ地幔橄榄岩过渡的特点或弧后盆地至岛弧过渡的特征。尖晶石Ga-Ti-Fe3+#图解显示纯橄岩成因可能和地幔橄榄岩与岛弧拉斑玄武岩的反应有关,而方辉橄榄岩可能为地幔橄榄岩与MOR熔体反应以及SSZ环境中含水熔体反应后的残余。纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩∑REE都低于球粒陨石,且具有LREE富集的U型稀土元素配分模式,暗示了岩石和流体/熔体之间的相互作用。综合以上研究表明,达拉布特蛇绿岩形成于弧后扩张脊并受俯冲流体/熔体影响。     

新疆洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中铬尖晶石的化学成分变异及其意义

本文应用了洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中铬尖晶石的电子探针分析数据,讨论该蛇绿岩中不同岩石中铬尖晶石化学成分特征,显示出铬尖晶石的成分与寄主岩石有关。基本可将其分为三组:造矿铬尖晶石、堆积岩副矿物铬尖晶石和地幔橄榄岩副矿物铬尖晶石。它们在主要成分和微量成分方面均存在区别,化学成分的相关性也不一样。共生橄榄石-铬尖晶石对的元素分配说明二者基本为平衡矿物。     

北准噶尔洪古勒楞蛇绿岩研究的新进展

通过对洪古勒楞东段蛇绿岩的研究，基本搞清了蛇绿者组合特征及其形成时代，首次指出该区在晚震旦世为广阔大洋环境，为研究准噶尔的大地构造演化提供了证据。依据蛇绿岩与围岩的接触关系，指出了其构造侵位时间为奥陶纪末，而与泥盆系则为断层接触。通过Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线法测年结果确定蛇绿岩形成于６２６±２５Ｍａ。从稀土元素、岩石化学和εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝十８．４等综合分析，蛇绿岩来自亏损地幔岩浆，纯属洋中脊产物。     

二辉橄榄岩中辉石的"水"的测定

本文中作者采用红外光谱方法对雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带拉昂错超基性岩体二辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石进行了测试研究。结果表明 ,雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带拉昂错岩体二辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石为透辉石 ;该透辉石中含有一定量的结构水 ;并且 ,其高频带相关的结构OH含量是 1 4 6× 1 0 -6。透辉石成分的这种特殊性 (含有结构OH)恰恰是其特殊的高温高压的幔源生成环境的反映。     

蛇绿岩中辉长苏长岩的成因

在蛇绿岩的洋壳岩石和地幔岩石单元中通常可见少量的辉长苏长岩脉,其主要特征是含高钙长石以及斜方辉石作为主要的矿物相早先于斜长石结晶。已有的研究表明辉长苏长岩的母岩浆为相对于MORB更富水和高硅的钙碱性岩浆。尽管这种含水钙碱性岩浆的形成可能与俯冲过程有关,但是在现今大洋也发现有辉长苏长岩的存在,表明在洋中脊环境也存在有含水钙碱性岩浆的发育。通过对侵入到西藏普兰蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中的辉长苏长岩的研究,笔者提出它们可能是遭受海水蛇纹石化的大洋岩石圈地幔重熔而成,其形成过程可能与在洋中脊发育的拆离断层有关。     

新疆西准噶尔洪古勒楞组与泥盆系-石炭系界线新知

通过对西准噶尔地区洪古勒楞组多条剖面的综合研究,提出洪古勒楞组与上覆黑山头组以钙质碎屑岩的消失、暗色细火山碎屑岩的出现为界,其顶界为一套近岸浅水沉积的碎屑岩(含舌形贝的钙质粉砂岩、凝灰质砂岩、细砾岩或含介壳的砂砾岩),称之为"杨庄砂岩",该界线在多条剖面上易于识别和对比。在洪古勒楞组上部和黑山头组下部发现三叶虫9属(亚属)14种:Omegops sp.,Pudoproetus sp.,Linguaphillipsia? sp.,Belgibole sp.,B.abruptirhachis,Philliboloides sp.,Winterbergia(W.)sp.,W.(Eowinterbergia) sp.,Weberiphillipsia sp.,Conophillipsia sp.1,C.sp.2,C. sp.3,C. paucicostata,C. morganensis。根据三叶虫生物地层学研究,认为西准噶尔地区存在泥盆系-石炭系界线,界线位置在Omegops的消失层位和Belgibole-Conophillipsia组合带的首现层位之间,该界线与洪古勒楞组和黑山头组之间...     

In-situ Moissanite in Dunite: Deep Mantle Origin of Mantle Peridotite in Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet

We report the discovery of an in-situ natural moissanite as an inclusion in the Cr-spinel from the dunite envelope of a chromitite deposit in Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet. The moissanite occurs as a twin crystal interpenetrated by two quadrilateral signal crystals with sizes of 17 μm× 10 μm and 20 μm× 7 μm, respectively. The moissanite is green with parallel extinction. The absorption peaks in its Raman spectra are at 967-971 cm-1, 787-788 cm-1, and 766 cm-1. The absorption peaks in the infrared spectra are at 696 cm-1, 767 cm-1, 1450 cm-1, and 1551 cm-1, which are distinctly different from the peaks for synthetic silicon carbide. Moissanites have been documented to form in ultra-high pressure, high temperature, and extremely low fO2 environments and their 13C-depleted compositions indicate a lower mantle origin. Combined with previous studies about other ultra-high pressure and highly reduced minerals in Luobusa ophiolite, the in-situ natural moissanite we found indicates a deep mantle origin of some materials in the mantle sequence of Luobusa ophiolite. Further, we proposed a transformation model to explain the transfer process of UHP materials from the deep mantle to ophiolite sequence and then to the supra-subduction zone environment. Interactions between the crown of the mantle plume and mid-ocean ridge are suggested to be the dominant mechanism.     

新疆和硕县乌什塔拉红山花岗岩岩浆起源及成因机制

红山花岗岩体位于新疆南天山乌什塔拉乡以北,乌瓦门-拱拜子和辛格尔两大区域性大断裂中间;岩石类型主要为二长花岗岩,其次为花岗闪长岩;SiO2含量为61.95%~76.37%,全碱(ALK)含量较高,为6.35%~8.3%,绝大部分具有高K钙碱性花岗岩的特征。A/CNK值为0.94~1.08,属于准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩类;∑REE=137×10-6~244.5×10-6,LREE/HREE为4.1~6.7,表明LREE明显富集,δEu为0.14~0.27,显示出中等程度的Eu负异常。大离子亲石元素K、Rb及高场强元素Zr、Hf、Th相对富集,而Nb、Ta、P、Ti等相对亏损。锆石 U-Pb SHRIMP同位素年龄为297±3 Ma(待发表数据)。综合分析地球化学特征,认为其可能来自于石榴子石稳定的深部地壳,源区有相当比例的黑云母,最合适源区物质可能是碱性和高K钙碱性的安山岩和玄武质安山岩。地幔岩浆的低侵作用可能是导致下地壳物质部分熔融的主要原因。结合区域地质背景及微量元素投图分析,认为岩浆形成于从挤压环境向伸展环境转变的碰撞-后碰撞造山期。     

新疆东戈壁钼矿床斑岩体特征及成因分析

新疆东戈壁钼矿位于北觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带内,是新疆探明的第一个特大斑岩型钼矿床。东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床斑岩体为隐伏斑状花岗岩体,属S型花岗岩,在斑状花岗岩体中可见辉钼矿化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化等金属矿物矿化,岩体侵位深度相对较深。觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带具良好成矿条件,区域上找矿潜力巨大。因此,研究东戈壁钼矿床斑岩体特征和成因,对该成矿带内寻找同类型钼矿床具一定指导意义。     

新疆洪古勒楞铜矿床地质特征及构造背景

洪古勒楞铜矿床位于新疆西准噶尔西北部和布克赛尔县,属于谢米斯台-沙尔布提成矿带。地质剖面测量和岩相学研究表明,矿区出露地层为中奥陶统布鲁克其组火山-沉积岩,岩性以玄武岩和安山岩为主,其次为安山质角砾岩、安山质集块岩和晶屑凝灰岩,矿化与玄武岩、安山岩、安山质角砾岩相关;矿区断裂构造发育,矿体赋存其中;矿区围岩蚀变发育,从矿体到围岩可分为内、中、外3个带,各带的共生矿物组合为:绿泥石+绿帘石+石英+黄铜矿±闪锌矿组合、绿泥石+绿帘石±黄铜矿组合和绿泥石±方解石等,矿化程度与蚀变程度正相关;矿化类型包括浸染状、气孔充填状、角砾状、细脉状、块状矿化,矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿,脉石矿物主要为绿泥石、绿帘石。矿区的火山岩地球化学分析表明,矿区岩石分为2类:类型1为钙碱性系列玄武岩和安山岩,岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,亏损Nb、Ta元素,富集LILE,w(Nb)低,形成于岛弧环境。类型2为拉斑-钙碱性系列玄武岩和安山岩,与类型1相似,亏损Nb、Ta元素,富集LILE,但是REE模式呈平坦型,w(Th)、Nb/Y值、Th/Yb值、Nb/Yb值较低,可能受洋脊俯冲影响。     

新疆科克森套蛇绿岩套玄武岩的地质地球化学

新疆北部科克森套地区玄武岩出露于超镁铁质岩体的北侧,与玄武质凝灰岩共生,厚度达50～80 m;玄武岩普遍具有片理化、斑状结构;岩石地球化学特征表明,该玄武岩属低碱(Na2O+K2O均<3%,σ值在0.60～1.19)、低钛(TiO2在0.73%～1.22%)、富镁(MgO在7.43%～9.72%)的拉斑玄武岩系列,具有原始岩浆特征(其Mg#值在0.65～0.71),稀土总量较低(ΣREE在29.68×10-6～44.91×10-6),稀土及微量元素配分曲线平缓,可能形成于洋中脊构造环境。该区玄武岩的发现和岩石地球化学研究,佐证了科克森套蛇绿岩套的存在。     

新疆东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现蛇绿岩

最近笔者等在新疆东昆仑祁漫塔格造山带鸭子泉一带原奥陶纪祁漫塔格群中发现了蛇绿岩,这一发现,不仅对于重新认识和厘定新疆东昆仑地区的构造格局和演化历史具有重要意义,而且还将为探索青藏高原及其周边地区的形成和演化提供理论依据。 鸭子泉蛇绿岩带沿鸭子泉大阪一线呈NE向分布,断续延长30 km以上,在大阪一带宽约1.7 km。主要由方辉橄榄岩、蛇纹岩、辉长岩、变辉绿岩、绿片岩和硅质岩等组成,构造就位于变硅质岩之上,呈构造推覆体形式产出。鉴定硅质岩     

Origin of Peridotites and Chromitites in the Pozanti-kar Santi Ophiolite, Turkey

The Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite(PKO)in Turkey’s eastern Tauride belt comprises mantle peridotites,ultramafic to mafic cumulates,isotropic gabbros,sheeted dikes and pillow lavas.The mantle peridotites are dominated by spinel harzburgites with minor dunites.The harzburgites and dunites have quite depleted mineral and whole-rock chemical composition,suggesting high degrees of partial melting.Their PGEs vary from Pd-depleted to distinct Pd-enriched patterns,implying the crystallization of interstitial sulphides from sulphur-saturated melts(e.g.MORB-like forearc basalt).U-shaped or spoon-shaped REE patterns indicate that the PKO peridotites may have also been metasomatized by the LREE-enriched fluids released from a subducting slab in a suprasubduction zone.Based on the mineral and whole-rock chemical compositions,the PKO peridotites show affinities to forearc peridotites.Chromitites occur both in the mantle peridotites and the mantle-crust transition zone horizon(MTZ).Chromitites from the two different horizons have different textures but similar mineral compositions,consistent with typical high-Cr chromitites.Chromitites hosted by mantle harzburgites generally have higher total platinum-group element(PGE)contents than those of the MTZ chromitites.However,both chromitites show similar chondritenormalized PGE patterns characterized by clear IPGEs,Rh-enrichments relative to Pt and Pd.Such PGE patterns indicate no or only minor crystallization of Pt-and Pd enriched sulphides during formation of chromitites from a sulphur-undersaturated melt(e.g.boninitic or island arc tholeiitic melt).Dunite enveloping chromitite lenses in the ho*s ting harzburgite resulted from melt-rock reaction.We have performed mineral separation work on samples of podiform chromitite hosted by harzburgites.So far,more than200 grains of microdiamond and more than 100 grains of moissanite(Si C)have been separated from podiform chromitites.These minerals have been identified by EDX and Laser Raman analyses.The diamonds and moissanite are accompanied by large amounts of rutile.Additionally,zircon,monazite and sulphides are also common phases within the heavy mineral separates.Both diamond and moissanite have been analyzed for carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition using the CARMECA 1280-HR large geometry Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer at the Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam.In total,61δ13CPDB results for diamond were acquired,exhibiting a range from-28.4‰to-18.8‰.31δ13CPDB results for Moissanite vary between-30.5‰to-27.2‰,with a mean value of-29.0‰.Diamond has relatively large variation in nitrogen isotopic composition with 40δ15NAIR results ranging from-19.1‰to 16.6‰.The discovery of diamond,moissanite and the other unusual minerals from podiform chromitite of the Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite provides new support for the genesis of ophiolitic peridotites and chromitites under high-pressure and ultra-high reducing conditions.Considering the unusual minerals,the high Mg#silicate inclusions,and the needle-shaped exsolutions in the PKO chromitites,the parental melts of these chromitites may have been mixed with deep asthenospheric basaltic melts that had assimilated materials of the descending slab when passing through the slab in a subduction zone environment.We suggest melt-rock reactions,magma mixing and assimilation may have triggered the oversaturation of chromites and the formation of PKO chromitites.     

新疆库车盆地盐泉水水化学特征、来源及找钾指示意义

库车盆地是塔里木盆地的一个次级凹陷,位于新疆塔里木陆块北缘与西南天山之间。文章介绍了库车盆地盐泉水的化学特征、来源及其找钾指示意义。对库车盆地几个代表性盐泉出露区进行盐泉水样品(21件)采集和分析,研究了其化学组成特征、水化学类型和氢氧同位素组成,同时根据收集的129件盐泉水化学数据资料,生成了盐泉水水化学分布图。新采自库车盆地的21件盐泉水样品矿化度范围为120.216~305.322g/L,水型以氯化物型(瓦里亚什科分类法)为主,具有明显的深部地层氯化钙型卤水的特征。氢氧同位素组成分析发现,盐泉水δ18 O范围为-9.1‰~4.7‰,δ2 H值范围为-75‰~-28‰,投点偏离大气降水线且δ18 O和δ2 H具有一定的正相关关系(r=0.81),表明该区盐泉水曾受到强烈蒸发作用影响,同时也受水—岩作用影响,存在一定的δ18 O漂移现象。库车盆地盐泉水组成特征与深部岩层岩性有密切关系,而断裂控制盐泉水出露与分布,盐泉水形成的地表地球化学异常对于该区找钾有一定的指示意义。     

Diamond Discovered in High-Al Chromitites of the Sartohay Ophiolite, Xinjiang Province, China

In recent years diamonds and other exotic minerals have been recovered from mantle peridotites and high-Cr chromitites of a number of ophiolites of different age and different tectonic environments. Here we report a similar collection of minerals from the Sartohay ophiolite of Xinjiang Province,western China,which is characterized by having high-Al chromitites. Several samples of massive podiform chromitite with an aggregate weight of nearly 900 kg yielded diamonds,moissanite and other highly reduced minerals,as well as common crustal minerals. Thus far,more than 20 grains each of diamond and moissanite have been recovered from heavy mineral separates of the chromitites. The diamonds are all 100-200 μm in size and range in color from pale yellow to reddish-orange to colorless. Most of the grains are anhedral to subhedral octahedra,commonly with elongate forms exhibiting well-developed striations. They all display characteristic Raman spectra with shifts between 1325 cm-1 and 1333 cm-1,mostly 1331.51 cm-1 or 1326.96 cm-1. The moissanite grains are light blue to dark blue,broken crystals,50-150 μm across,commonly occurring as small flakes or fragments. Their typical Raman spectra have shifts at 762 cm-1,785 cm-1,and 966 cm-1. This investigation extends the occurrence of diamonds and moissanite to a Paleozoic ophiolite in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and demonstrates that these minerals can also occur in high-Al chromitites. We conclude that diamonds and moissanite are likely to be ubiquitous in ophiolitic mantle peridotites and chromitites.