国际科联环境问题委员会(SCOPE)在长春市召开“亚洲汞污染研讨会

国际科联环境问题委员会（ＳＣＯＰＥ）在长春市召开“亚洲汞污染研讨会国际科联环境问题委员会（ＳＣＯＰＥ）在长春市召开“亚洲汞污染研讨会”经中国科协和国家科委批准，由中国科学院长春地理研究所和生态环境研究中心承办的“亚洲汞污染研讨会”于１９９７年９月１５...     

《亚洲中部湖泊水生态学概论》简评

在干旱区水文中，湖泊的研究是非常重要的。而从生态学的角度研究干旱区的湖泊，无疑是80年代末90年代初以来的新探索。中国科学院新疆地理研究所与哈萨克斯坦国家科学院地理研究所，于1993年合作，开展了“干旱区湖泊水生态学“的研究。这项课题的名称与内容，同当前国际学术热点与前沿研究，在很大程度上有一致性。干旱区湖泊的研究涉及十分广泛的学科知识，包括地理、生物学、物理学、化学与数学等多种自然科学以及有关的技术科学。该项目的研究集成了中、哈两国科技人员的知识和经验，实现了跨科学的综合，取得了成功的效果。《亚洲中部…     

亚洲及太平洋地区沙漠化研究学术讨论会和专题考察在我国举行

联合国亚太经社会与中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所共同举办的"亚洲及太平洋地区沙漠化研究学术讨论会和专题考察"于今年6月7日至20日在我国举行。这是亚太经社会与兰州沙漠研究所举办的第二次国际性科学讨论会。参加这次沙漠化研究学术讨论会和专题考察的有阿富汗、孟加拉、印度、伊朗、马来西亚、尼泊尔、泰国、斯里兰卡、中国等九个国家和亚太经社会环境协调处考尔先生,共14位专家学者。     

亚洲新兴经济体服务贸易竞争力比较研究——基于亚洲“四小龙”服务贸易数据分析

本文采用服务贸易国际竞争力常用评价指标体系,对亚洲新兴经济体一亚洲“四小龙”的服务贸易国际竞争力进行了比较分析。研究表明：中国香港的服务贸易国际竞争力最强,优势部门为运输和金融;新加坡服务贸易发展最为迅速;中国台湾和韩国服务贸易处于较低水平,但韩国的政府服务遥遥领先,建筑业已处于世界先进水平。在此基础上,提出应加强亚洲“四小龙”的服务贸易合作,形成优势互补,提高国际竞争力。     

第四届亚洲土地利用／土地覆被变化及环境问题国际学术研讨会召开

由IHDP中国委员会、IGBP中国委员会和中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所联合主办，国家自然科学基金委员会等学术组织与团体协办的“第四届亚洲土地利用／土地覆被变化(LUCC)及环境问题国际学术研讨会”于2004年10月15日至16日在中科院地理资源所举行。会议由中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所和CNC—IGBP／IHDP土地利用／覆被变化工作组承办。     

通过亚洲“四小龙”重新认识亚洲

1.进口货涌入日本市场近年来日本各地常举办销售亚洲国家和亚洲四小龙(NIES~*)产品的进口商品交易会和特价品展销会。1988年以来,日本国内到处见到亚洲“四小龙”专营商店和设有这类商品专柜的百货店。     

非洲的城市化速度超过了亚洲

最近在肯尼亚采访联合国人居署时，一对数字很让人诧异：非洲的人口城市化比例已经超过了70％，而亚洲还只有40％多。也就是说，非洲的城市化速度已经大大超过了亚洲!     

亚洲中部地区水资源与环境国际学术会议在乌鲁木齐——阿拉木图召开

亚洲中部地区水资源与环境国际学术会议于1993年10月5—16日在中国乌鲁木齐和哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图召开。会议由中国科学院新疆分院、中科院新疆地理研究所、新疆水利厅、新疆国土局、新疆科委和啥萨克斯坦科学院、哈萨克斯坦科学院地理研究所、哈萨克斯坦科学院水文地质与水文物理研究所、哈萨克斯坦水资源委员会、哈萨克斯坦泥石流防治指挥部共同主办。到会正式代表74人,新疆维吾尔自治区政协副主席毛德华研究员参加了会议。会议共收到论文83篇,有35位代表在大会上宣读了论文,这些论文已被收入用英、汉、俄三种文字编印的《亚洲中部地区水资源与环境国际学术会议论文集(摘要)》中。     

亚洲中部山地梯级地貌初步研究

本文主要论述了亚洲中部主要山系梯级地貌的空间分布与形成原因。指出普遍存在三个地貌梯级，除第三级系晚新生代褶皱抬升而成外，第二与最高级则是在古生代褶皱山体基础上，受其间长期活动的纵向大断裂控制，而在第三纪末到第四纪早期发生不等量新构造断块活动的结果。     

云南大学亚洲国际河流中心

云南大学亚洲国际河流中心是基于20世纪80年代以来,国家自然科学基金、国家社科基金、国家科技部和云南省科技厅等长期资助国际河流研究的基础上于2000年10月在云南大学成立的。它是我国第一个也是目前唯一一个聚焦国际河流的学术机构。中心主要针对中国及亚洲大陆国际河流为主     

Regional differences of border geo-cities in China and the surrounding countries

As the improvement of international status and the implementation of China’s neighboring diplomacy, the development of border regions and the security of border cities, as well as their spatial structure and regional differences are gaining more attention from academic circle. Based on the interdisciplinary perspectives of urban geography, regional economics and geopolitics, this paper explores the regional differences of border geo-cities in China and the surrounding countries with the help of remote sensing information acquisition and ArcGIS spatial analysis. Three primary results are found as follows: (1) The border geo-cities in China and surrounding countries are divided into five geographical regions: geo-cities in South China Sea, geo-cities in Southeast Asia, geo-cities in South Asia, geo-cities in Central Asia and geo-cities in Northeast Asia. (2) In the spatial structure system of China’s border geo-cities, the importance of geo-cities in five major regions is fairly different. In terms of the security and economic development, the rank of priority is geo-cities in North-east Asia, geo-cities in South China Sea, geo-cities in Central Asia, geo-cities in South Asia, geo-cities in Southeast Asia. (3) Considering China’s geo-setting for the development of border geo-cities, the east region is significantly better than the west, and the north region is slightly better than the south.     

能源地缘政治格局的演变过程与驱动机制研究——以中亚为例

在回顾和架构能源地缘政治的内涵与研究框架的基础上,以中亚地区为例,阐释了其能源在全球能源格局中的重要性和地缘战略地位。系统梳理了中亚能源地缘政治格局的演变过程,将其划分为四个阶段,刻画了每一阶段的能源开发利用态势和地缘政治特征,探讨了能源对地缘政治演变的影响和地缘政治发展对能源的作用。随后,对中亚能源地缘政治格局演进的机制进行了解译和分析,指出宏观背景、外部力量、内部力量、突发性事件及其相互作用的变化是中亚能源地缘政治格局演进的重要驱动因素。     

中国企业投资东南亚国家的影响因素分析——基于企业所有权差异的视角

以中国企业2005~2015年对东南亚直接投资的项目作为研究样本,分析国有企业和民营企业在东南亚直接投资的国家选择和影响因素。研究表明,国有企业不回避政治风险较高的国家,倾向于开拓新的国家市场;相反,民营企业倾向投资政治风险低的国家,投资与中国贸易联系紧密、相对市场规模较大以及劳动力成本较低的国家。基于国有企业和民营企业对东南亚直接投资影响因素的差异,为中国对东南亚直接投资提出政策建议。     

Regionalism in the Asia Pacific: is Geography destiny?

The renaissance in geographical 'bloc' development in the 1990s has generated expectations that prevailing international regionalism is compatible with the dominant global integration model. Nascent regionalism in the Asia Pacific best captures this trend with regional initiatives being established on the basis of 'open' regionalism as opposed to 'closed' regionalism that is associated potentially with institution building and regional governance. In this paper, I examine the shape and nature of Asia Pacific regionalism. I show how countries here favour a process of regime building that is centred on network building among state and private actors without any goal towards institution building. Asia Pacific regionalism is less concerned with the production and governance of regional space than the assertion of a collective Asian political culture that preserves state sovereignty.     

THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENTS

This paper reviews the directional shifts in human geographical research on Southeast Asia from 1945 to the present. It first begins with an overview of the identity of the region as conceived in various cultural traditions, such as the Greek, Arabic and Indian traditions. This is followed by an evaluation of regional geographies of Southeast Asia in the post-war period, highlighting the pre-eminence of the geostrategic definition of the region and the failure to come to grips with its rich cultural-historical identity. The paper then goes on to show that, arising from the changes in conceptual developments and methodologies in geography, the early regional emphasis then shifted to systematic concerns, with a movement away from ‘encyclopaedic’ to ‘adjectival’ geography (economic, urban, population, political, cultural and historical) and a greater emphasis on issues concerning national development. Since the 1980s, there have also been fewer regional works on Southeast Asia and though there are now many more indigenous geographers within the region, much of their research is based on their own national or provincial areas. However, this may shift again, given that rapid economic growth has now given the region prominence. Certainly, there is renewed multi-disciplinary interest in Southeast Asia.     

印度领衔下的南亚地缘政治特点及其对中国的启示

南亚作为哈·麦金德"陆心说"中"世界岛"和斯皮克曼"陆缘说"中欧亚大陆边缘地带的重要组成部分,其地缘政治地位因印度作为重要大国的出现而上升到突出位置并成为独立的地缘政治区。印度作为南亚力量中心,其在与南亚邻国互动过程中使得南亚地缘政治显现出印度领衔下的吸引力与排斥力互动的统一,现实利益需求与不确定性并存,地缘政治主体间合作与心存互疑的矛盾心理和南亚地缘政治走势受印度影响等特点。而导致这些特点的原因既是南亚地理环境作用的结果,也与印度地缘政治思想,南亚国家间权力结构以及印度抵制外部势力渗透等有关。最后提出对中国经略南亚的3点启示。     

新冠疫情对中国国际航空网络连通性的影响及空间差异

航空运输在实现各国互联互通、推动全球经济发展中发挥着重要作用。突发公共卫生事件或恶劣天气等均易对航空网络的连通性造成影响。本研究以新冠疫情为例，从全球航空网络视角探讨新冠疫情对中国国际航空网络连通性的影响及地区差异。研究结果表明：疫情期间，中国境外通航城市、国际航班、国际航线数量均大幅缩减，航空网络连通效率显著降低，但其空间格局未发生根本性变化，东亚和东南亚仍是中国对外主要联系地区，经济联系与贸易仍然起着重要作用。航线停飞对中国与中亚、西亚和大洋洲航空网络的连通性影响最大，而航班缩减对中国与东亚、中亚和东南亚航空网络的连通性影响最大。在国内，北京、上海和广州仍然是中国对外联系的枢纽城市，且其聚集度在疫情期间得到提升。     

Globalisation and Border Dynamics: impacts on the urban development of Darwin,Australia

National boundaries and border cities have been transformed globally. This is partly due to neoliberal globalisation, the continuous formation of a ‘borderless world’ and partly to the global ‘war on terror’. Darwin, the capital city of the Northern Territory (NT), is on the northern coast of Australia, bordering its overseas Asian neighbours. Far away from the main Australian population centres in the south, the city grows slowly, relying mainly on Australian government investments, infrastructure, and the incorporation of defence programs in the north. The rise of Asia, as well as Australia's increasing economic reliance on Asia, has created new opportunities for Darwin's growth. The development of Asian economies has resulted in growing global investment in resource extraction in NT. Asia, though, has been seen as a key threat in the modern history of Australia. This national sensitivity is underpinned by the global ‘war on terror’ in which Australia is deeply involved. Australia has tight border control regimes and a growing military presence on the northern border area. This paper examines how these co-existing but contradictory dynamics have reshaped the urban development of Darwin City. The consequential social and spatial patterns are identified and discussed.     

俄罗斯能源外交中的地缘政治布局

俄罗斯是横跨欧亚大陆的国家。俄罗斯成为独立国家以来,政府通过不断调整能源外交战略以谋取地缘经济和政治利益。近年来随着国际油价的不断攀升,能源问题牵动着当代政治与经济全局。俄罗斯在强化国家掌控能源资源的基础上,进一步加快了以能源为武器的全方位能源外交攻势,以提升其在国际能源市场的地位。在此背景下,俄罗斯正在构筑起“以欧洲为重点、独联体为关键、亚太为新取向、博弈全球”的能源外交地缘格局,为俄罗斯谋求成为“能源超级大国”扩大影响力。     

Spatio-temporal evolution of population and urbanization in the countries along the Belt and Road 1950–2050

This paper uses data for the period 1950–2050 compiled by the United Nations Population Division together with methods including spatial autocorrelation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and the standard deviational ellipse, to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of population and urbanization in the 75 countries located along the routes of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, to identify future population growth and urbanization hotspots. The results reveal the following: First, in 2015, the majority of Belt and Road countries in Europe, South Asia and Southeast Asia had high population densities, whereas most countries in Central Asia, North Africa and West Asia, as well as Russia and Mongolia, had low population densities; the majority of countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and North Africa had rapid population growth, whereas many countries in Europe had negative population growth; and five Belt and Road countries are in the initial stage of urbanization, 44 countries are in the acceleration stage of urbanization, and 26 are in the terminal stage of urbanization. Second, in the century from 1950 to 2050, the mean center of the study area’s population is consistently located in the border region between India and China. Prior to 2000, the trajectory of the mean center was from northwest to southeast, but from 2000 it is on a southward trajectory, as the population of the study area becomes more concentrated. Future population growth hotspots are predicted to be in South Asia, West Asia and Southeast Asia, and hotspot countries for the period 2015–2030 include India, China, Pakistan and Indonesia, though China will move into negative population growth after 2030. Third, the overall urban population of Belt and Road countries increased from 22% in 1950 to 49% in 2015, and it is expected to gradually catch up with the world average, reaching 64% in 2050. The different levels of urbanization in different countries display significant spatial dependency, and in the hundred-year period under consideration, this dependency increases before eventually weakening. Fourth, between 2015 and 2030, urban population hotspots will include Thailand, China, Laos and Albania, while Kuwait, Cyprus, Qatar and Estonia will be urban “coldspots.” Fifth, there were 293 cities with populations over 1 million located along the Belt and Road in 2015, but that number is expected to increase to 377 by 2030. Of those, 43 will be in China, with many of the others located in India, Indonesia and the eastern Mediterranean.