Strength Behavior of Fine Grained Soil Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Polypropylene Fibers

Admixtures and reinforcement materials are frequently used in practice to stabilize coarse and fine grained soils and to improve their engineering properties. However, a limited number of studies have been carried out on fiber-reinforced fine grained soils. In this study, a series of unconfined compression tests, direct shear tests, and California Bearing Ratio tests were carried out to investigate the effect of randomly distributed polypropylene fiber on the strength behavior of a fine grained soil. The content of polypropylene fiber was varied between 0.25 and 1% by total dry weight of the reinforced samples. It was observed that unconfined compression strength, cohesion intercept and California Bearing Ratio increased with the addition of fibers. On the other hand, the results of the tests indicated that shear strength angle was not affected significantly by the fiber reinforcement.     

纤维加筋市政污泥剪切强度试验研究

随着社会经济的快速发展,市政污泥产量逐年攀升,其安全处置对改善城市生态环境和经济可持续发展具有重要意 义。污泥由于含水率高,颗粒细小,粘滞性强,且富含有机质,因而存在机械脱水效率低和抗剪强度低等问题,填埋时容 易造成填埋场堆体发生侧滑、失稳等事故。纤维加筋是近些年发展起来的一种土质改良技术,为了研究该技术对污泥剪切 强度特性的影响,在不同固结压力下（50,100,200和400 kPa） 对纤维加筋污泥进行了一系列剪切试验,分析了纤维掺量 （0,0.05%,0.1%,0.2%,0.4%和0.8%） 对固结后污泥含水率、干密度及剪切强度的影响。结果表明：在不同固结压力 下,污泥排水固结后的含水率均随着纤维掺量的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势,而干密度则是先增加后减小,试验确定纤维 最优掺量为0.1%;污泥排水固结后的剪切强度则随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,纤维加筋作用对污泥的剪切强度提升效果十 分明显,100 kPa下加筋效果最显著;纤维加筋污泥的黏聚力和内摩擦角随纤维掺量的增加而增加,当纤维掺量超过0.4% 后,黏聚力增幅有放缓趋势,而内摩擦角的增幅则有加大趋势;在剪切破坏过程后期,随纤维掺量增加,应变硬化趋势更 为显著。     

影响加筋水泥土力学性能因素的试验研究

在基坑的支护时多采用复合结构的围护型式 ,但是工期较长、费用较高。通过对加筋水泥土进行各项力学试验 ,初步得出其基本的力学性能 ,以期为加筋水泥土用于支护工程提供试验依据     

不同颗粒尺寸条件下MICP固化砂土的试验研究

通过选取3种不同颗粒尺寸的砂样进行微生物诱导碳酸钙（MICP）注浆试验,对同一尺寸试验组分别进行8、10、12次胶结液灌注,结合细菌吸附率、流出液Ca2+浓度、试样渗透系数、碳酸钙含量、孔隙结构和最终加固效果等数据,探讨了颗粒尺寸对MICP加固砂土的影响。试验结果表明,细菌吸附率与颗粒尺寸间存在一定联系,颗粒尺寸越大,细菌吸附量相对越少;同时颗粒尺寸会影响试样固化过程及孔隙结构的发展,颗粒尺寸较小的试样能留住更多的营养物质;固化过程中,颗粒尺寸较小的砂样由于孔隙较小、渗透系数小等原因,试样上部易形成淤堵,从而导致试样加固效果不均;大颗粒尺寸的试样,孔隙较大、持水能力弱,产生的碳酸钙含量偏低并在试样下部堆积,从而导致加固效果较差。     

侧限压缩下砂土的细观力学特性及其形态分析

本文基于室内固结试验,自行设计加工了土体受到轴向压力和侧限条件时,对土的细观结构进行观测的细观结构观测固结仪.通过对中砂半模固结仪试验的宏观变形场分析选择了细观特征观测点,发现中砂的位移场类似于抛物线形,位移量最大区总是发生在上透水石的底面中心处;利用MiFas图像软件对中砂压缩过程中的显微图像进行处理,分析了中砂试样...     

Injectability of Microfine Cement Grouts into Limestone Sands with Different Gradations: Experimental Investigation and Prediction

One-dimensional injection tests were conducted on dry and dense sand columns with a height of 36.5 cm for the injectability evaluation of cement grouts. Three ordinary cement types were pulverized to obtain fine-grained cements having nominal maximum grain sizes of 40, 20 and 10 μm. Suspensions of these cements with water to cement (W/C) ratios of 1, 2 and 3, by weight, were injected into 54 clean, limestone sands with different gradations. Pulverization of the ordinary cements to produce microfine cements extends the range of groutable sands to “medium-to-fine”. Suspension injectability is improved by increasing cement fineness and suspension W/C ratio or by decreasing apparent viscosity and is controlled by the synthesis of the finer portion (d ≤ d₂₅) of the sand gradation. The outcome of the 131 injectability tests conducted is successfully predicted by available groutability criteria at a rate ranging between 51 and 69%. The “new groutability and filtration criteria” proposed in this study, are adapted to the finer 25% of the sand gradation, have successful predictions for 79% of the cases (10–28% higher than those of the existing groutability criteria) and predict successfully the appearance of filtration in 83% of the available cases. The model developed by performing Binary Logistic Regression analyses of the injection test results is considered appropriate for the prediction of injectability of cement grouts in sands because it exhibits a coefficient of multiple determination equal to 0.84 and provides a rate of successful predictions equal to 78% of the available experimental results.     

尾矿砂的动力特性研究

目前国内许多尾矿坝的初始坝本身不透水且无排渗设施,因而整个尾矿坝体浸润线很高,坝内大部分尾矿砂处于饱和状态。在动荷载的作用下,这些尾矿砂的动力特性对尾矿坝的安全稳定具有重要的意义。本文利用液压式振动三轴仪,研究了某尾矿坝内尾矿砂的动力特性,讨论了影响尾矿砂液化的因素。     

Performance of Counterfort Walls with Reinforced Granular and Fly Ash Backfills: Experimental Investigation

Experimental investigations on model counterfort retaining walls have been carried out to study the lateral movement of the walls and the nature of the failure modes. Mild steel plates of size 1,000 × 900 × 8 mm were used as model retaining walls and were placed in a tank of size 900 × 900 × 670 mm. Ennore sand, obtained from Madras India, and Fly ash, obtained from Panki Thermal Power Plant, India were used as backfill material. Tests were carried out both with and without reinforced backfill. Two types of loading conditions were applied: (i) line load and (ii) uniform surcharge. The shape and size of the failure wedge was studied by observing displacement of bands of colored through a Perspex plate fixed on one side of the tank. Plots of overturning moment against the rotation of a wall top show that with the increase in rotation of wall, the overturning moment decreases. The minimum value of overturning moment is taken as the limiting value. The failure surfaces obtained in different cases are linear and parabolic in shape.     

Influence of Randomly Distributed Coir Fibers on Shear Strength of Clay

The use of natural fibers such as coir for soil improvement is highly attractive in countries where such materials are locally and economically obtainable, in view of the preservation of natural environment and cost effectiveness. This paper discusses shear strength of clay reinforced with randomly distributed coir fibers based on a series of consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests. Test results show that major principal stress at failure for clay-coir fiber matrix increases with increase in fiber content (W _f ) and fiber aspect ratio (A _r ). For all the combinations of fiber contents and aspect ratios, failure principal stress envelope exhibits a curvilinear variation with a transition at a confining stress, known as critical confining stress. Separate regression analyses have been performed for observations below and above critical confining stress to develop mathematical models, which consider fiber content, aspect ratio, confining stress and plain soil characteristics as the input parameter, to predict major principal stress at failure for the clay-fiber composite. In general, the study identifies that the inclusion of discrete coir fibers in random fashion significantly improves the shear strength of clay and hence could be effectively used for the cases where in-place mixing of soil with fibers is possible (e.g., pavement sub-grade, landfill liner, small embankment). The developed regression models may be used in the design phase for the rough estimation of shear strength of the composite.     

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Fully Bonded Bolts with Varied Bond Length

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The fully bonded bolting method is widely applied in geotechnical engineering areas and is considered as an efficient approach due to its better loading...     

泥质砂岩复电阻率的频散特性实验

不同孔隙流体特性的岩石复电阻率频散实验,是复电阻率测井资料评价水淹层和低阻油层的岩石物理基础。通过水驱水、水驱油、油驱水的岩石复电阻率频散特性的实验研究,发现泥质砂岩的复电阻率频散特性受含油饱和度的影响较大,受地层水矿化度的影响较小,尤其是异相电阻率,受地层水矿化度的影响更小;与含水泥质砂岩相比,含油泥质砂岩的相角相对较大,且随着含油饱和度的增加而增大;含水岩石和含油岩行在频散特性上存在着较大差异。实验研究结果表明,利用基于岩石频散特性发展起来的复电阻率测井技术,可以有效地识别油水层。     

光纤和砂土界面耦合性能的分布式感测试验研究

地质与岩土工程领域中,变形监测一直是评价岩土体稳定性的一个重要指标,其时空演化规律可为工程设计与施工 技术参数优化、地质灾害预警阈值设定提供科学的依据。随着光电感测技术的不断发展,其在地质与岩土工程变形监测中 的作用越来越重要,然而分布式感测光纤与岩土体之间的耦合性对监测结果有显著影响,阐明两者间的作用机理成为该技 术应用的关键环节。文章在综合分析当前地质与岩土工程变形监测技术的基础上,开展了基于BOTDA感测技术的光纤-砂 土界面耦合性能拉拔试验,从试验结果和感测光纤特性两方面分析了感测光纤与砂土的耦合性及二者间的应变传递规律。 试验结果表明：除第一级拉拔外,数据拟合R2均在0.99以上,显示了光纤实测应变分布具有良好的规律性;由试验数据反 算得出的光纤弹性模量约为0.35 GPa,与给定值基本一致;通过感测光纤的F-S端和F-S尾关系,得出光纤-土界面作用过程 可分为全耦合、半耦合和相对滑动三个阶段。上述研究结果为分布式感测技术在各类地质与岩土工程变形监测中的应用提 供指导,同时为开展各类室内模型试验提供参考依据。     

光纤和砂土界面耦合性能的分布式感测试验研究

地质与岩土工程领域中，变形监测一直是评价岩土体稳定性的一个重要指标，其时空演化规律可为工程设计与施工 技术参数优化、地质灾害预警阈值设定提供科学的依据。随着光电感测技术的不断发展，其在地质与岩土工程变形监测中 的作用越来越重要，然而分布式感测光纤与岩土体之间的耦合性对监测结果有显著影响，阐明两者间的作用机理成为该技 术应用的关键环节。文章在综合分析当前地质与岩土工程变形监测技术的基础上，开展了基于BOTDA感测技术的光纤—砂 土界面耦合性能拉拔试验，从试验结果和感测光纤特性两方面分析了感测光纤与砂土的耦合性及二者间的应变传递规律。 试验结果表明：除第一级拉拔外，数据拟合R2均在0.99以上，显示了光纤实测应变分布具有良好的规律性；由试验数据反 算得出的光纤弹性模量约为0.35 GPa，与给定值基本一致；通过感测光纤的F-S端和F-S尾关系，得出光纤—土界面作用过程 可分为全耦合、半耦合和相对滑动三个阶段。上述研究结果为分布式感测技术在各类地质与岩土工程变形监测中的应用提 供指导，同时为开展各类室内模型试验提供参考依据。     

Factors Affecting Engineering Properties of Microfine Cement Grouted Sands

An experimental investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of distance from the injection point and of parameters pertinent to the cement, the suspension and the sand on the effectiveness of microfine cement grouts. Three different cement types, each at three different gradations having nominal maximum grain sizes of 100, 20 and 10 μm, were used. Grouting effectiveness was evaluated by injecting suspensions with water to cement (W/C) ratios of 1, 2 and 3, by weight, into five uniform sand fractions with different grain sizes and eight composite sands with different gradations, using a specially constructed apparatus. Unconfined compression and permeability tests were conducted on the resulting grouted sand specimens, after curing for 28 and 90 days. Microfine cement grouted sands obtained unconfined compression strength values of up to 14.9 MPa and permeability coefficients as low as 1.3 × 10^?6 cm/s or by up to 5 orders of magnitude lower than those of clean sands. The W/C ratio and the bleed capacity of suspensions as well as the effective grain size and the permeability coefficient of sands are very important parameters, since they affect substantially the grouted sand properties and are correlated satisfactorily with them. The strength and permeability of grouted sands can increase, decrease or remain constant with distance from the injection point depending on the easiness of suspension penetration into the sands. The improvement of grouted sand properties with increasing distance from the injection point is consistent with the observed increase of the cement content of grouted sands.     

Mechanical Behavior of a Clay Soil Reinforced with Nylon Fibers

Soft soils are well known for their low strength and high compressibility. Several techniques, including reinforcement, are commonly used to increase the strength and decrease the deformation of this kind of soil. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the effects of fiber on the consolidation and shear strength behavior of a clay soil reinforced with nylon fibers. A series of one dimensional consolidation and triaxial tests were conducted on samples of unreinforced and reinforced clay with different percentages of randomly distributed nylon fibers. The results show that the preconsolidation pressure decreases and the coefficient of swelling and compression generally increase with increasing the fiber content. Furthermore, the addition of the fiber leads to a significant increase in shear strength and friction angle of the natural soil.     

Experimental Investigation of Reinforced Soil Slopes in a Geotechnical Centrifuge,with the Use of Optical Fibre Sensors

The purpose of this experimental investigation is to obtain strain measurements via optical fibre sensors in the drum geotechnical centrifuge of ETH Zurich. It is part of a test series with main goal to study the behaviour of reinforced slopes subjected to self weight loading and subsequently to an impact from a rockfall event. In total 13 scaled reinforced slope models were built with a height of 180 mm and a slope inclination of 2V:1H, optimising the materials used and the different ways of model making. The maximum g-levels were 50 and 100 g and the impact loading was applied at 50 g. The optical fibre sensors were placed on various layers of the reinforcement and at different positions. Strain measurements that were recorded during different tests are logical and expected, demonstrating that optical fibre sensors can successfully be used for measuring linear strain on reinforcement layers that are tested under enhanced gravity in the geotechnical centrifuge. The experimental set up as well as the opportunities and challenges of these measurements are presented and discussed. Finally, correspondent prototype numerical models were created and analysed and the results of this analysis are compared to the corresponding experimental ones.