隧道围岩稳定性的有限元分析

根据地下结构设计理论和岩石屈服的Drucker-Prager准则，考虑到了围岩的自身承载能力，采用有限元的分析方法对广西柳州一处公路隧道围岩的稳定性进行了分析。分析了开挖方式、开挖顺序对围岩稳定性的影响，对围岩的开挖过程进行模拟。确定不同开挖方式下隧道围岩的位移、应力状态，以及位移、应力状态随时间的变化规律，为隧道施工过程中开挖方案的制定、支护时间的选取提供依据。     

夯管锤结构优化设计及有限元计算分析

对YH-300A型夯管锤的工作过程建立了力学模型及优化设计的数学模型，利用复合形法,以冲击功的倒数作为目标函数,对结构进行了优化设计,并对原设计进行了冲击功和冲击频率的计算。经过优化设计并同原设计进行对比，冲击功提高19%，冲击频率略有提高。同时，对其活塞进行了有限元计算，对原设计和优化后的活塞进行有限元分析均表明，除冲击面的应力较大外，最大应力均发生在活塞的进、排气孔处。因此，在应用应力波理论进行强度校核的同时，还应该利用有限元法进行强度校核计算，以补充应力波理论在强度计算应用方面的不足。     

Interaction Effect of Group of Helical Anchors in Cohesive Soil Using Finite Element Analysis

In this paper, the interaction effect of a group of two and four symmetrical as well as asymmetrical helical anchors resting in homogeneous cohesive soil deposit with different helix configurations is determined using finite element analysis. The anchors were pulled to its ultimate failure controlling the displacement. Eight different types of anchor configuration were considered in the analysis, where mainly the number of helical plates, the depth of upper- and lower-most helical plates and the ratio of spacing between the helical plates to the diameter of the plate were varied. The variation of load–displacement curve for each anchor in the group was obtained and subsequently, the ultimate uplift capacity of each anchor was determined. The soil was assumed to follow Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria. The present theoretical observations are generally found in good agreement with those theoretical and experimental results available in the literature for single isolated helical anchor.     

冲洗液安全密度窗口的实验模拟及有限元分析

在钻探工程中,冲洗液的密度选择至关重要。密度过大有助于护壁和悬渣,但会增大钻进阻力;密度过小,则会降低其悬渣能力,并影响钻孔稳定性。在孔壁稳定性力学分析的基础上,自行建立试验模拟装置进行井壁稳定性模拟。与此同时,采用有限元方法来模拟钻孔稳定问题,得出合理的冲洗液安全密度窗口。对比结果表明,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件模拟来确定冲洗液安全密度窗口具有一定的可行性。利用有限元模拟分析既可以缩减前期冲洗液的试验费用,又能给钻探提供合理的冲洗液安全密度窗口,对优化冲洗液的密度具有现实的参考价值。     

Finite Element and Reliability Analyses for Slope Stability of Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project: A Case Study

The partly constructed and excavated power house slopes of Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project experienced extensive collapses through complex mode of failure. A detailed study is attempted in this paper to understand the reasons for the failure and assess the stability of the existing constructed slopes using limit equilibrium and FEM solutions and also to propose modified design for rebuilding the slopes. To take into account the uncertainty associated with the rockmass and soil properties, probability and reliability analyses have also been carried out. Based on the field observations and stability analyses of the natural and cut slopes, suitable support systems such as slope flattening with various angles, weldmesh, shotcrete, rockbolts and drainage holes have been considered to meet the stability requirements. In this study, it is demonstrated that the probabilistic approach when used in conjunction with deterministic approach helps in providing a rational solution for quantification of stability in the estimation of risk associated with the power house slope construction.     

非线性有限单元法(续二)

(二)几何非线性问题--大应变与大位移1.司徐克林(Stricklin)等的方法在几何非线性问题中,总刚度矩阵可区分为两部分,即线性(弹性)刚度矩阵与非线性刚度矩阵     

Analyses of the Impacts of Climate Change and Forest Fire on Cold Region Slopes Stability by Random Finite Element Method

Landslides - Increasing number of landslides occurred in the cold regions over the past decades due to rising temperature or forest fires associated with climate change. The instability of thawing...     

基坑支护桩结构土体受力变形机制、稳定性有限元分析及支护桩结构合理间距分析

利用有限元分析方法,对某基坑支护桩结构进行受力变形分析,结果能清晰显示基坑支护桩桩前土及桩后土受力及变形力学机制,能够清晰的判断基坑支护桩治理稳定程度;说明有限元方法用于评价基坑支护桩结构有其优越的地方,并且是行之有效的方法。     

复合土钉支护的有限元分析

复合土钉支护在软土地区深基坑支护中已得到广泛应用,但其设计计算理论却远远不能满足目前工程应用的需要。借助非线性平面应变有限元模拟方法,对复合土钉支护结构在分步开挖、分步支护过程中的变形性能进行研究,并通过与工程实例对比验证这一方法的合理性。最后对复合土钉支护设计提出初步看法。     

The Andra Couplex 1 Test Case: Comparisons Between Finite-Element, Mixed Hybrid Finite Element and Finite Volume Element Discretizations

We present here results for the Andra Couplex 1 test case, obtained with the code Cast3m. This code is developped at the CEA (Commissariat l'nergie atomique) and is used mainly to solve problems of solid mechanics, fluid mechanics and heat transfers. Different types of discretization are available, among them finite element, finite volume and mixed hybrid finite element method. Cast3m is also a componant of the platteform Alliances (co-developped by Andra, CEA), which will be used by Andra for the safety calculation of an underground waste disposal in year 2004. We solve the Darcy equation for the water flow and a convection–diffusion transport equation for the Iodine 129 which escapes from a repository cave into the water. The water flow is calculated with a MHFE discretization. It is shown that this method provides sharp results even on relatively coarse grids. The convection–diffusion transport equation is discretized with FE (Finite Element), MHFE (Mixed Hybrid Finite Element) and FV (Finite Volume) methods. In our comparison, we point out the differences of these methods in term of accuracy, respect of the maximum principle and calculations cost. Neither the finite element nor the mixed hybrid finite element approach respects the maximum principle. This results in the presence of negative concentrations near the repository cave, whereas FV calculations respect the monotonicity. We show that mass lumping techniques suppress this problem but with strong restrictions on the grid. FE and MHFE approaches are more accurate than FV for the diffusion equation, but the overall results are equivalent since the advective terms are dominant in the far field and are discretized with centered schemes. We conclude by studying the influence of the grid: a very fine grid near the repository solves almost all the problems of monotonicity, without employing mass lumping techniques. We also observed a very important increase of the accuracy on a structured grid made up of rectangles.     

土工格栅加筋路堤有限元分析

通过有限元软件ANSYS对土工格栅加筋路堤进行模拟,阐述了加筋土的加筋作用原理。通过一个工程实例分别对不加筋、仅加砂垫层、加一层土工格栅砂垫层、加两层土工格栅砂垫层四种不同的加筋路堤进行了计算。分析了不同加筋方式下加筋土路基竖向位移、侧向位移、竖向应力、剪应力和筋材拉力的规律。     

双排桩-锚杆支护的有限元模拟

基坑支护模型往往在计算假定的基础上建立,而依据计算假定建立的模型往往不能得到和实际相符的结果。但有限元软件可以较为真实的模拟基坑开挖的过程中应力和位移的变化情况,是土工数值分析的重要手段。本文运用大型有限元软件ABAQUS建立双排桩-锚杆结构有限元模型,全面的考虑土体的特性、桩土的共同作用及桩间土对支护结构的影响等因素,分析支护结构在土体开挖荷载作用下的内力和变形,为设计和施工提供了参考。     

软土地基海堤沉降的有限元模拟

围涂工程的海堤直接坐落在软土地基上,致使地基土受到挤淤、排水固结,产生了较大的沉降量。当前计算海堤沉降基本上按照规范规定以分层沉降总和法为主,辅以软土修正系数,对工后沉降要求结合固结计算和类似工程经验等综合分析确定,对不同的设计人员往往会产生较大的计算误差。如何准确判断海积软土在海堤荷载作用下的沉降变形往往是堤防建造和围海造地等重大工程中的关键环节。为研究海积软土的变形特性,在室内试验和实测沉降的基础上,采用plaxis有限元软件对实际的工程项目全过程施工的模拟,认为采用粘性土弹塑性模型对堤坝沉降变形进行平面应变情况的模拟,沉降模拟跟实测比较接近,并能很好地模拟工后沉降,能解决由经验判断产生的较大误差。     

Finite Element Analysis of Geogrid Encased Stone Columns

Stone columns in soft soil improve bearing capacity because they are stiffer than the material which they replace, and compacted stone columns produce shearing resistances which provide vertical support for overlying structures or embankments. Also stone columns accelerate the consolidation in the native surrounding soil and improve the load settlement characteristics of foundation. In this paper, the finite element method is utilized as a tool for carrying out analyses of stone column–soil systems under different conditions. A trial is made to improve the behaviour of stone column by encasing the stone column with geogrid as reinforcement material. The program CRISP-2D is used in the analysis of problems. The program allows prediction to be made of soil deformations considering Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for elastic–plastic soil behaviour. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the behaviour of standard and encased floating stone columns in different conditions. Different parameters were studied to show their effect on the bearing improvement and settlement reduction of the stone column. These include the length to diameter ratio (L/d), shear strength of the surrounding soil and, the area replacement ratio (a_s) and others. It was found that the maximum effective length to diameter (L/d) ratio is between (7–8) for Cu, between (20–40) kPa and between (10–11) for Cu?=?10?kPa for ordinary floating stone columns while the effective (L/d) ratio is between (7–8) for encased floating stone columns. The increase in the area replacement ratio increases the bearing improvement ratio for encased floating stone columns especially when the area replacement ratio is greater than (0.25). The geogrid encasement of stone column greatly decreases the lateral displacement compared with ordinary stone column.     

Finite Element Analysis of a Deep-seated Slope Deformation

Summary A study is presented of the slow time dependent movement of the deep-seated deformation of Rosone. This rock slope, which mainly consists of gneiss, is located on the Italian side of Western Alps and has been affected by recurrent instability phenomena. Due to these, and also to the presence of various villages and man-made structures (such as a hydroelectric power plant), a significant amount of geological and geomechanical data has been collected in this area. They have led to the assumption that the slow movement develops along a deep-seated sliding surface, involving a volume of rock between 22 and 35 million cubic meters. To check these hypotheses, and to get some insight into the causes of the phenomenon, a series of non-linear, time-dependent analyses has been carried out through the finite element method. The slow movement of the rock mass, and the gradual loss of its mechanical properties with increasing deformation, has been accounted for in the calculations by means of a visco-plastic constitutive law, allowing for strain softening effects. The results of analyses lead to some conclusions on the causes of the observed movements, among which the possible influence of the groundwater pore pressure is likely to play an important role.     

挤密桩应力的弹塑性理论及有限元分析

本文基于统一强度理论分析挤密桩桩周土体应力,得出挤压力与塑性挤密半径关系式,并推导出挤密桩桩周土体达到极限状态时的挤压力极限值表达式,分析了极限值随各参数的变化规律。然后,基于大型有限元分析软件ANSYS8.0对挤密桩挤密成孔过程进行三维有限元模拟,通过非线性计算得出各种情况下的极限荷载与理论分析结果进行对照分析。经比较,证明基于统一强度理论的分析结果更符合土体实际受力状态,与三维有限元分析结果更接近。结果对于全面研究挤密桩的综合作用效用有一定的参考价值。     

求解地下水问题的三角形有限元法

从拉普拉斯方程开始,介绍了三角形有限元法求解地下水问题的基本原理,逐步推导了其数值解的公式、边界条件以及求解方法.提供了两个计算示例,并对其计算结果进行了讨论.