汉中市浅层地热能开发利用适宜性及潜力研究

浅层地热能是清洁的绿色能源,合理的开发利用在能源结构调整、强化雾霾治理、应对气候变化等方面有非常重要的意义。以汉中市的浅层地热能资源为研究对象,在野外调查、现场热响应试验及分析整理前人研究成果的基础上,对汉中市浅层地热能资源进行调查评价。查明了浅层地热能赋存条件,对浅层地热能开发利用适宜性评价,可知汉中市全区均适宜或较适宜采用地下水热泵系统开发利用浅层地热能。同时对该市浅层地热能热容量、供暖/制冷潜力进行计算,分析环境效益和经济效益,为政府统一规划利用浅层地热能资源提供科学依据。     

中国浅层地热能成因机理及其控制条件研究

研究成因机理及其控制条件,对我国大规模科学开发利用浅层地热能意义重大。研究表明:浅层地热能分级控制特征明显,大地热流和年均气温控制浅层地热能大地成因。基岩埋深、地温梯度、活动断裂和地下水条件,控制浅层地热能区域分布规律。浅层地热能可采能力,则主要由浅层地温场、地下水条件、岩土体物质成分和结构、孔隙度、含水率和回填材料制约。常温层底板埋深温度等值线可以表征区域分布规律,基底埋深控制总体分布特征,后期活动断裂是影响和控制的关键因素,地下水条件对浅层地热能迁移赋存规律影响较大。首次提出我国浅层地热能开采区规模分类方案。     

焦作市浅层地热能评价及开发利用潜力探析

焦作市浅层地热能资源的开发利用处于起步阶段,主要是地下水水源热泵系统,开发利用较晚,总体水平较低。通过对焦作市浅层地热能的赋存条件和分布规律进行分析,评价了焦作市浅层地热能资源量,对浅层地热能开发利用适宜区进行了划分,并提出合理开发、可持续利用浅层地热能的建议。为焦作市浅层地热能开发利用规划布局提供地质依据。     

漯河市浅层地热能开发利用评价

在漯河市评价区不同区段布设了3眼地下水换热孔和4眼地埋管换热孔。通过抽水试验、回灌试验及现场热响应试验研究,取得了计算所需的含水层水文地质参数及岩土层热物性参数。采用单指标综合评价法和层次分析法对评价区进行了适宜性分区评价,地下水源热泵适宜区、较适宜区总面积为256.45km~2,地埋管热泵适宜区总面积为531.2km~2。对评价区浅层地热能储存量及地热能可利用量进行了计算及评价,浅层地热能储存量为2551.15×10~(12)kJ,地下水源热泵形式可利用的浅层地热能资源量108.58×10~(12)kJ/a,地埋管形式可利用的浅层地热能资源量80.58×10~(12)kJ/a。该评价工作为漯河市浅层地热能开发利用规划和布局提供理论和技术支持,对同类城市浅层地热能的开发和利用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

铁离子含量对水源热泵浅层地热能开发利用的影响

地下水水源热泵浅层地热能是指地下水在抽水回灌过程中,利用水源热泵提取水中的热能,或用于空调制冷产生的能量转换。地下水源热泵地热能是浅层地热能的一种主要类型。本文简要介绍铁离子对吉林地区浅层地热能开发利用的影响。     

南阳市区浅层地热能的分布利用条件

分析南阳市区浅层地热能资源分布规律,对编制开发利用规划,科学利用浅层地热能,对市区内进行地埋管地源热泵换热系统和地下水热泵系统适宜性分区,同时对区域浅层地热能进行评价,为南阳市城区浅层地热能缓解协调发展,可持续利用及发展规划提供依据。     

山东省鲁北地区浅层地热能资源评价

鲁北地区于2001年已陆续开始应用热泵技术开发浅层地热能,但区内的浅层地热能资源评价工作却严重滞后,制约了区内浅层地热能资源的开发和合理利用。为促进鲁北地区浅层地热能的开发利用,省政府拿出专项资金,开展了鲁北地区浅层地热能的资源评价工作,前期在调查区域内开发利用现状和摸清地质条件的基础上,采用层次分析法,分别对地下水换热方式和地埋管换热方式进行了开发利用适宜性分区,采用热储体积法对该区的浅层地热容量进行了计算,得出鲁北地区浅层地热容量为29．386×10^15 kJ/℃;并根据适宜性分区结果,分别对地下水式和地埋管式地源热泵适宜区、较适宜区可利用换热量也进行了计算,得出地下水式地源热泵200 m以浅可利用换热量为0．8489×10^10kW·h,地埋管式地源热泵200m以浅可利用换热量为6．5261×10^12kW·h。     

潍坊市浅层地热能资源评估与开发利用方式分析

潍坊市位于山东半岛西部,浅层地热能资源丰富、开采条件便利。为综合利用资源,改善环境,建设可持续发展社会,对潍坊市浅层地热适宜区进行划分,并对浅层地下水热储量进行分析计算,得出潍坊市浅层地下水热泵适宜区总计372.14 km2,浅层地热能储量为23.911×1013KJ。同时,根据区内的浅层地热特点及经济社会发展规划,提出持续开发利用合理保护建议,加强地下水水质保护,实现地下水资源可持续利用。     

中国省会城市浅层地热能开发利用条件及潜力评价

浅层地热能资源以其高效和环保的特点,近年来在中国得到了广泛的应用。地质条件、浅层地温场特征、岩土热物性特征等参数,是影响浅层地热能开发利用的重要参数。笔者在阐述浅层地热能开发利用条件的基础上,结合全国省会城市浅层地热能调查评价成果,对浅层地热能开发利用适宜性和资源潜力进行了评价。结果表明,在我国陆区范围内,恒温带温度受太阳辐射影响最大,恒温带顶板埋深与气温变化趋势相反,岩土体导热系数受岩性影响明显。中国浅层地热能资源主要用于建筑物供暖和制冷。我国31个省会城市80%的土地面积适宜利用浅层地热能,浅层地热能资源每年可开采量折合标准煤2.8亿t,可为供暖和制冷提供丰富的能源储备。按利用方式、需求程度将我国浅层地热能开发分为全年集中利用区、全年分散利用区、分散式冬季供暖区和分散式夏季制冷区4类。浅层地热能开发利用对推动中国绿色、低碳、节能型城市化发展,解决京津冀地区冬季雾霾和南方城市冬季供暖问题具有重要意义。     

许昌市浅层地热能评价

以线热源理论为基础,通过对许昌市城区不同区域岩土体进行垂直埋管试验,测试获取各岩土层热物性参数,计算浅层地热能可利用量和地热能储存量,为许昌市推广和发展土壤源热泵这一极具节能与环保潜力的浅层地热能应用提供理论基础和技术支撑。同时,通过对许昌市浅层地热能评价方法的介绍,为同类城市浅层地热能评价提供可借鉴的方法。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861