北淮阳庐镇关岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄和氧同位素组成

对大别造山带北麓的北淮阳庐镇关浅变质岩浆杂岩进行了锆石阴极发光显微结构观察、激光剥蚀等离子质谱锆石U-Pb定年以及单矿物激光氟化氧同位素分析。锆石阴极发光图像显示,这些样品中的锆石具有明显的振荡环带或片状分带,为典型的岩浆锆石。少数样品的锆石具有窄的蚀变边。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这些岩浆岩有较一致的形成年龄,变化范围为739±8Ma～754±5Ma。岩浆岩单矿物的氧同位素组成具有较大的变化范围,其中锆石δ~(18)O为1.39‰～6.81‰,石英为3.12‰～12.47‰,斜长石为0.71‰～8.38‰。锆石的δ~(18)O值在不同岩体和/或同一岩体的不同样品之间具有明显差别,反应了其初始岩浆在氧同位素组成上的不均一性。锆石与其它矿物之间表现出显著的氧同位素不平衡,说明它们经历了岩浆期后的扰动,其中部分样品受到了亚固相条件下高温热液蚀变作用的影响,还有部分样品在岩浆后期演化过程中可能同化混染了高δ~(18)O值的围岩。大多数锆石具有低于典型地慢锆石的δ~(18)O值,表现出~(18)O亏损特征。低δ~(18)O锆石的内部结构和化学组成表现出典型岩浆锆石的特征,表明这些低δ~(18)O锆石是从亏损~(18)O的岩浆中结晶出来的,而非热液蚀变成因。这一结果证明,扬子板块北缘新元古代低δ~(18)O锆石形成于热液蚀变岩石经部分熔融所形成的低δ~(18)O岩浆。结合这些样品的形成年龄,我们认为这些低δ~(18)O岩浆的形成与Rodinia超大陆裂解有关的地幔柱裂谷岩浆活动有关,并对应于全球性的雪球地球事件。此外,这些岩石中锆石U-Pb年龄与矿物δ~(18)O分布与大别造山带高压-超高压变火成岩原岩相似,指示北淮阳单元属于俯冲的扬子板块北缘     

大别山北部卢镇关群变质火山岩和共生变质的花岗岩全岩和锆石氧同位素、锆石U-Pb年代学研究

分布在大别山北部的卢镇关群火山岩和共生的花岗岩类形成在新元古代.2个卢镇关群变质流纹岩SIMS锆石U-Pb给出了757Ma岩浆结晶年龄,3个变质花岗岩给出了757 ～ 770Ma岩浆结晶年龄.全岩氧同位素分析表明它们经受了地表流体参与交代蚀变作用.锆石SIMS氧同位素分析表明少量锆石边部存在岩浆期后的氧同位素改造,然而锆石的氧同位素的改造部分没有明显的U-Pb重置,因此,地表流体参与交代蚀变作用时间无法通过锆石的U-Pb年龄来测定,只能限定在757Ma以后.研究样品中存在δ18O值2.8‰～4.0‰岩浆锆石,它们从低δ18O岩浆中结晶而来.低δ18O岩浆是早期地表流体参与交代蚀变岩石再熔融的产物,从这个意义上说,早于770Ma的地表流体参与的蚀变应该存在.这些时间上的证据表明卢镇关群火山岩和共生的花岗岩类记录了早于770 ～ 757 Ma之后地表流体参与交代蚀变,这从时间上看,岩石发生的地表流体参与的蚀变与扬子地台上新元古代冰川事件不能简单的关联在一起.     

威海地区超高压变质花岗片麻岩锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

在苏鲁超高压变质带东北端山东威海地区皂埠镇发现锆石δ18O值低至-7.8‰左右的花岗片麻岩, 与前人在苏鲁超高压变质带西南端江苏东海青龙山地区发现的锆石δ18O值为-7‰~-9‰左右的花岗片麻岩一致.对这些低δ18O值花岗片麻岩进行了锆石SHRIMP法UPb定年和系统的激光氟化法矿物氧同位素分析, 结果对低δ18O值锆石成因和花岗片麻岩的原岩性质提供了制约.研究得到: (1) 这些低δ18O值锆石以新元古代岩浆锆石为主, 但部分岩浆锆石在印支期超高压变质作用过程中发生了不同程度的重结晶作用.δ18O值为-7.08‰的岩浆核锆石UPb定年得到的花岗片麻岩原岩谐和年龄和不一致线上交点年龄分别为(760±49) Ma和(751±27) Ma, 变质谐和年龄和不一致线下交点年龄分别为(232±4) Ma和(241±33) Ma, 指示其原岩为新元古代花岗岩并经历了印支期变质作用; (2) 锆石δ18O值在局部范围内变化于-7.76‰~5.40‰之间, 低δ18O值岩浆锆石表明它们是从新元古代低δ18O值岩浆中直接结晶形成, 锆石δ18O值的局部变化表明其原岩岩浆的氧同位素组成具有不均一性, 指示低δ18O值岩浆源区物质曾经在地表与极度亏损18O的大气降水发生过不同程度的高温水岩反应; (3) 低δ18O值花岗片麻岩在印支期板块俯冲和折返过程中基本没有与外部发生显著的氧同位素交换, 在退变质作用过程中花岗片麻岩内部缓冲流体对原岩岩浆锆石的δ18O值影响不大.威海皂埠镇地区和东海青龙山地区的花岗片麻岩在原岩时代、变质时代和氧同位素组成等方面基本相同, 指示它们应具有相同的原岩性质, 并经历了相同的变质作用和水岩相互作用过程.因此, 极度亏损18O的新元古代双峰式基性-酸性岩浆岩可能分布于整个大别-苏鲁造山带.      

苏鲁造山带五莲地区岩浆岩元素和同位素地球化学研究

对苏鲁造山带五莲地区新元古代和中生代岩浆岩分别进行了主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和氧同位素研究。结果表明,新元古代花岗岩具有显著的LREE富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常。εNd(t)为-12．6--6．9,可能与古元古代老地壳物质再循环有关。锆石δ18O值为-1．02-7．60‰,变化范围较大,近半数样品明显低于典型地幔锆石δ18O 值。新元古代辉长岩具有板内裂谷环境的特征,其εNd(t)在1．6-5．3之间,说明其岩浆起源于亏损地幔,但是经受了一定程度的地壳混染作用。唯一一个辉长岩样品的锆石δ18O值与部分花岗岩锆石δ18O值一样,明显高于典型地幔值,可能是基性岩浆在沿裂谷喷发过程中经历了低温热液蚀变,随后又发生破火山口垮塌,导致蚀变玄武岩在岩浆房重熔而形成高δ18O岩浆。中生代花岗岩和闪长岩表现出明显的高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P和Ti)负异常以及显著的LREE富集。εNd(t)值很低(-19．2 --15．3),同样是由古老地壳物质部分熔融形成。其锆石δ18O变化范围为3．19-6．43‰,大多数样品与典型地幔锆石一样。石英与锆石之间大都达到并保存了氧同位素平衡分馏,而其它矿物(如长石、黑云母和角闪石等)与锆石之间由于受到岩浆期后亚固相热液蚀变而大都表现出明显的氧同位素不平衡分馏。元素和氧同位素特征表明,中生代闪长岩可能是基性下地壳脱水部分熔融并经过结晶分异形成的;花岗岩则可能是由中性下地壳的脱水部分熔融形成的。新元古代花岗岩与中生代花岗岩在微量元素配分模型和Sr-Nd同位素组成上具有十分相似的特征,因此未经历强烈热液蚀变的新元古代花岗质侵入岩可能是中生代花岗岩的原岩。但这些新元古代岩浆岩的锆石δ18O变化范围较大,与中生代岩浆岩相比在流体活动性元素含量上也存在差别,这可能是由于新元古代岩浆岩侵位深度比中生代岩浆岩源区所处深度相对较浅所致。现有的研究结果表明,新元古代岩浆岩的形成与约740-760Ma的Rodinia超大陆裂解有关的裂谷岩浆活动有关,新生地壳物质作为热源启动了热液蚀变,并局部形成了低δ18O岩浆。而中生代岩浆岩则是俯冲陆壳在加厚造山带背景下的部分熔融产物,岩浆源区物质由于所处深度较大没有受到明显的高温大气降水热液蚀变。     

胶南桃行超高压变质岩的氧同位素地球化学及其年代学制约

对苏鲁超高压变质带内诸城桃行地区榴辉岩及其花岗片麻岩围岩进行了单矿物氧同位素组成分析和锆石U-Pb定年。氧同位素组成显示出不均一亏损~(18)O的特征。石英-石榴石等高温矿物对的氧同位素温度为600～950℃,指示它们在榴辉岩相变质条件下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡。而部分石英-长石和白云母-金红石等矿物对的氧同位素温度为350～570℃,指示它们在峰期变质之后的角闪岩相退变质过程中达到并保存了同位素退化交换再平衡。锆石氧同位素组成低达-1.3‰～4.2‰,对这种低δ~(18)O值进行锆石U-Pb定年,分别得到762～834Ma的原岩年龄和202～249Ma的变质年龄。因此,桃行低δ~(18)O值锆石形成于新元古代(700～800Ma)的低δ~(18)O值岩浆。这种低δ~(18)O值岩浆是由于变质岩原岩经历新元古代高温大气降水热液蚀变后再部分熔融所形成。对于在角闪岩相退变质之后保存了封闭体系的花岗片麻岩样品(石英-长石矿物对温度为355～405℃),石榴石在榴辉岩相变质温度下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡(石英-石榴石矿物对温度为685℃),指示石榴石中Sm-Nd体系在同样的变质务件下也达到了平衡。因此,花岗片麻岩中石榴石-斜长石-全岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄215±11Ma与锆石变质边的三叠纪年龄(202～249Ma)一样,代表了榴辉岩相峰期变质后的冷却年龄。而花岗片麻岩中石英-钾长石和石英-斜长石矿物对处于氧同位素不平衡状态,同时钾长石和斜长石相对于样品中其它矿物异常亏损~(18)O,指示在角闪岩相退变质之后体系曾经开放,岩石受到低~(18)O流体在低温和中温下(200～400℃)的热液蚀变。这种奈件下矿物氧同位素的退化交换是由表面反应机制控制,与Nd的扩散机制不同,因此氧同位素平衡无法制约Sm-Nd矿物等时线的有效性。     

皖南石耳山新元古代花岗岩锆石U—Pb定年以及元素和氧同位素地球化学研究

对皖南新元古代石耳山花岗岩样品进行了锆石微区u—Ph定年、全岩主微量元素分析和Sr—Nd同位素分析以及矿物氧同位素分析。结果表明,石耳山花岗岩中存在两个时代的岩浆锆石,对应的u—Ph年龄分别为777±9Ma和827±15Ma。总体上石耳山花岗岩的特征为：高SiO2（74．7％-78．5％）、高K2O（3．99％～5．64％）和高K2O／Na20比值（1．5—3．0）,以及很低的基性组分含量（YTiO2＋FeO＋MgO=1．2％-3．0％）,显示出高度演化的地壳物质。并具有LREE富集的右倾模式和强烈的Eu负异常（Eu／Eu^＋=0．2—0．4）。全岩εNd（t）值（-0．53—＋0．72）,指示其岩浆源区含有显著的亏损地幔组分。样品的锆石δ^18O值为2．4‰-7．1‰,显示石耳山花岗岩为低δ^18O值岩浆岩;相对较大的δ^18O值变化范围,说明其成因与高温超固相热液蚀变作用有关。其余矿物与锆石相比,大多数表现出很大的δ^18O值变化范围,表明经历了不同程度的高温热液蚀变。根据这些岩石的同位素年代学和地球化学特征,认为U—Ph年龄为827±15Ma的锆石应为继承来源,而年龄为777±9Ma的锆石可解释为同时代岩浆成因。因此在1000—880Ma中,皖南出现过大规模的幔源岩浆活动,沿着大陆边缘形成初生地壳。约827±15Ma热事件（地幔超柱活动？）使岩石圈地幔及其上覆地壳加热,导致拉伸加厚地壳内部的初生地壳重熔形成岩浆岩。随着裂谷的快速打开,约780Ma幔源岩浆沿裂谷带上涌,启动了中上地壳裂谷带高温热液蚀变,同期喷发了大量的火山岩。裂谷带内的岩浆围岩经受了不同程度的水一岩交换,形成各种低δ^18O值的蚀变围岩。在约805℃时,蚀变围岩开始部分熔融并且同期侵位冷却固结,形成花岗岩。较老的继承锆石大多被熔融,大量形成的是约777±9Ma结晶的岩浆锆石。由于处于熔体状态的时间很短,使得岩浆未能均一化,而生成具有不同低δ^18O值的花岗岩。石耳山花岗岩初生地壳的形成至少经历了2个阶段部分熔融成岩过程,因而具有高硅、高钾和低基性组分等高度演化的地壳物质特征。     

威海地区超高压变质花岗岩成因：锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

在苏鲁超高压变质带东北段威海地区皂埠镇发现锆石δ18O值低至-7.8‰左右的变质花岗岩，对这些低δ18O值变质花岗岩进行了锆石SHRIMP法U-Pb定年和系统的激光氟化法矿物氧同位素分析，结果对低δ18O值锆石成因和变质花岗岩的原岩性质提供了制约。研究得到：①这些低δ18O值锆石以新元古代岩浆锆石为主，但部分岩浆锆石在印支期超高压变质作用过程中发生了不同程度的重结晶作用。δ18O值为-7.08‰的岩浆核锆石U-Pb定年得到的变质花岗岩原岩谐和年龄和不一致线上交点年龄分别为760±49 Me和751±27 Ma，变质谐和年龄和不一致线下交点年龄分别为232±4 Ma和241±33 Ma，指示其原岩为新元古代花岗岩并经历了印支期变质作用；②锆石δ18O值在局部范围内变化于-7.76‰~5.40‰之间，低δ18O值岩浆锆石表明它们是从新元古代低δ18O值岩浆中直接结晶形成，锆石δ18O值的局部变化表明其原岩岩浆的氧同位素组成具有不均一性，指示δ18O值岩浆源区物质曾经在地表与极度亏损18O的大气降水发生过不同程度的高温水岩反应。威海皂埠镇地区和东海青龙山地区的花岗片麻岩在原岩时代、变质时代和氧同位素组成等方面基本相同，指示其应具有相同的原岩性质，并经历了相同的变质作用和水岩相互作用过程。因此，极度亏损δ18O的新元古代双峰式基性-酸性岩浆岩可能分布于整个大别-苏鲁造山带。     

皖南蛇绿岩套辉长岩锆石U-Pb定年以及元素和氧同位素研究

对皖南蛇绿岩套辉长岩分别进行锆石微区U-Pb定年、全岩主微量元素分析和Sr-Nd同位素分析、矿物氧同位素分析。结果表明，皖南蛇绿岩存在3个时代的岩浆锆石，对应的U-Pb年龄分别为891±13 Ma,826±4 Ma和764±10 Ma。元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征显示出明显的岛弧岩浆岩特征，表明辉长岩来源于俯冲带上覆地幔楔的部分熔融。矿物氧同位素分析表明，辉长岩遭受了亚固相高温热液蚀变。笔者解释辉长岩构造就位年龄为891±13 Ma，在826±4 Ma受到前裂谷期岩浆活动的改造，并在764±10 Ma受到同裂谷岩浆活动的影响而发生亚固相热液蚀变。     

胶东地块东部变质岩锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

对胶东地块东部高压-超高压变质岩作了系统的锆石U-Ph定年和矿物氧同位素分析,结果对这些变质岩的原岩性质提供了制约。研究得到:(1)区域花岗片麻岩及岩浆锆石普遍不同程度地亏损~(18)O,3个片庥岩样品中岩浆核锆石U-Pb年龄分别为723±36Ma、738±17Ma和744±63Ma,低δ~(18)O值(-0.42～4.14‰)岩浆核锆石说明其原岩为新元古代低δ~(18)O值岩浆岩,石英-石榴石氧同位素温度及少量印支期变质锆石的出现,指示片麻岩与榴辉岩曾经共同经历了印支期超高压变质作用;(2)花岗片麻岩中的榴辉岩原岩年龄有两种,一种是新元古代,其U-Ph年龄为806±79Ma。另一种是古元古代晚期,其 U-Pb年龄为1838±41Ma。这2个榴辉岩的超高压变质年龄分别为229±3Ma和242±21Ma。多数榴辉岩中的变质增生或变质重结晶锆石也具有低δ~(18)O值特征(0.22～3.4‰),指示在榴辉宕相变质作用之前,这些榴辉岩原岩为低δ~(18)O值蚀变岩或低δ~(18)O值基性岩浆岩;(3)大理岩中榴辉岩变质增生锆石δ~(18)O值高达15.9‰,U-Pb年龄为229±4Ma,指示在榴辉岩相变质作用之前,榴辉岩原岩与大理岩一样具有高δ~(18)O值;(4)斜长角闪岩的原岩U-Pb年龄为1719±18Ma,与同时期榴辉岩原岩一起构成扬子板块北缘新元古代岩浆侵位时的裂谷肩部围岩,在三叠纪大陆碰撞时同样受到变质改造。     

大别山中生代中酸性岩浆岩锆石U-Pb定年、元素和氧同位素地球化学研究

对大别山中生代主簿源、天柱山和团岭中酸性岩浆岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素分析以及全岩和单矿物的氧同位素分析。结果表明,这些富钾的中酸性侵入岩表现出明显的轻稀土富集和高场强元素(Nb、P和Ti)负异常,与围岩片麻岩之间具有类似的微量元素分布特征和初始Sr-Nd-Ph同位素组成。锆石U-Pb年龄指示了早白垩世(121～131Ma)的岩浆结晶年龄。通过CL照相和SHRIMP定年在某些锆石颗粒中发现了老的继承核,年龄分别为742～815Ma和222Ma。这些新元古代和三叠纪核年龄分别与大别-苏鲁造山带超高压变火成岩原岩年龄和超高压变质年龄一致。尽管石英和锆石具有较小的δ~(18)O值变化范围(石英:6.30‰～8.66‰,锆石:4.14‰～6.11‰),全岩和其它单矿物氧同位素比值变化较大(全岩:0.07‰～7.13‰,钾长石:0.55‰～7.40‰,斜长石:-4.88‰～6.96‰),大多数锆石具有与正常地幔锆石(5.3±0.3‰)一致的δ~(18)O值。大多数样品的石英-锆石之间保存了氧同位素平衡分馏,而其它矿物(如,钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石)与锆石之间则大多表现出明显的氧同位素不平衡分馏,指示它们受到了岩浆期后亚固相水-岩相互作用的扰动。元素和同位素特征表明,大别山中生代中性岩起源于加厚基性下地壳的脱水部分熔融,在岩浆侵位过程中伴随有结晶分异作用;而花岗岩则起源于与北大别TTG正片麻岩具有相似化学组成的中性地壳的部分熔融。因此,大别山中生代中酸性岩岩浆源区是三叠纪扬子陆块俯冲产生的加厚地壳,形成机制可能与早白垩世地幔超柱事件热扰动所引起的部分熔融有关。     

碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩矿物-水氧同位素交换反应动力学

对黑龙江碾子山碱性花岗岩的全岩及其主要单矿物进行了氧同位素分析，结果表明，全岩和单矿物不仅δ^18O 值变化范围较大（全岩－2．4－2．0‰，石英0．0－5．8‰，碱性长石－3．8－0．1‰，磁铁矿－8．5－1．0‰），而且强烈亏损^18O。共生矿物之间表现出明显不平衡的氧同位素分馏特征，指示在花岗岩侵位之后与水之间发生了同位素交换，根据锆石和现代大气降水的氧同位素组成，对岩石与外来流体的δ^18O值进行了估计，多维矿水－岩反应时限约为0．3－3Ma，水／岩比（氧摩尔比）介于0．11－1．02之间。水－岩反应温度较高（约400度）和反应时间较长是导致石英δ^18O值降低的主要原因。     

The origin of variable-δ18O zircons in Jurassic and Cretaceous Mo-bearing granitoids in the eastern Xing–Meng Orogenic Belt,Northeast China

This study reports new zircon U–Pb ages, Lu–Hf isotope data, and oxygen isotope data for Mesozoic Mo-bearing granitoids in the eastern Xing–Meng Orogenic Belt (XMOB) of Northeast China, within the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Combining these new laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb ages with the results of previous research indicates that two stages of Mo-bearing granitoid magmatism occurred in the eastern XMOB, during the Early–Middle Jurassic (200–165 Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (ca. 111 Ma). The eastern XMOB also contains Mo-bearing granitoids with variable δ¹⁸O compositions that record variations in source oxygen isotopic compositions. Combining δ¹⁸O data with zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic data provides evidence of the origin of these granitoids. Three types of zircon have been identified within these granitoids. Type 1 zircons formed during the Mesozoic and having high δ¹⁸O values (5.71–7.05‰) that are consistent with the compositions of magmatic zircons from the Luming, Jiapigou, and Kanchuangou areas. These zircons suggest that the Mo-bearing granitoids were derived from a source containing supracrustal materials. The type 2 zircons have extremely low and heterogeneous δ¹⁸O values (4.64–4.89‰) that are consistent with the compositions of magmatic zircons from the Jidetun and Fuanpu areas. These magmas were generated by the remelting of juvenile crustal material that was previously significantly modified by interaction with fluids. Type 3 zircons generally have mantle-like δ¹⁸O values (5.42–5.57‰), with several zircons yielding higher δ¹⁸O values, suggesting that these intrusions formed from mantle-derived magmas that assimilated and were metasomatized by crustal material. Combining these geochemical data with the geology of this region indicates that the Mo-bearing granitoids were generated as a result of subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.     

Genesis of the Wulong gold deposit,Liaoning Province,NE China:Constrains from noble gases,radiogenic and stable isotope studies

TheWulong lode deposit contains over 80 tonnes of gold with an average grade of 5.35 g/t.It is one of the largest deposits in Dandong City,Liaoning Province in northeast China.Previous studies on the deposit focused on its geological characteristics,geochemistry,fluid inclusions,and the timing of gold mineralization.However,controversy remains regarding the origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals,and the genesis of the gold deposit.This paper presents zircon UePb and pyrite RbeSr ages and S,Pb,He,and Ar isotopic results along with quartz H and O isotopic data for all litho-units associated with the deposit.Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry measurements yielded zircon UePb dates for samples of pre-mineralization rocks like granite porphyry dike,the Sanguliu granodiorite,fine-grained diorite,and syn-mineralization diorite,as well as post-mineralization dolerite,and lamprophyre;their emplacement ages are 126
1 Ma,124
1 Ma,123
1 Ma,120
1 Ma,119
2 Ma,and 115
2 Ma,respectively.The pyrite RbeSr isochron age is 119
1 Ma,indicating that both magmatism and mineralization occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The d18OH2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids from the quartzepolymetallic sulfide vein stage vary from 4.8&to 6.5&,and the dDV-SMOW values are between67.7&and75.9&,indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic.The noble gas isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite suggest that the ore-forming fluids were dominantly derived from crustal sources with minor mantle input.Sulfur isotopic values of pyrite vary between 0.2&and 3.5&,suggesting that S was derived from a homogeneous magmatic source or possibly from fluids derived from the crust.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides(207Pb/204Pb?15.51 e15.71,206Pb/204Pb?17.35e18.75,208Pb/204Pb?38.27e40.03)indicate that the Pb of the Wulong gold deposit is a mixture of crust and mantle components.Geochronological and geochemical data,together with the regional geological history,indicate that Early Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization of the Wulong gold deposit occurred during the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate,which resulted in lithospheric thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton(NCC),which indicates that the deposit is of magmaticehydrothermal origin.     

Extreme oxygen isotope signature of meteoric water in magmatic zircon from metagranite in the Sulu orogen, China: Implications for Neoproterozoic rift magmatism

Unusual ¹⁸O depletion, with δ¹⁸O values as negative as −10‰ to −4‰ relative to VSMOW, was reported in zircons from ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt, China. But it is critical for the negative δ¹⁸O zircons to be distinguished between magmatic and metamorphic origins, because the ¹⁸O depletion can be acquired by high-T eclogite-facies metamorphism of meteoric-hydrothermally altered low δ¹⁸O rocks. While zircon O diffusion kinetics has placed a reasonable constraint on this, zircon trace element compositions can provide a straightforward distinction between the magmatic and metamorphic origins. This paper reports our finding of unusual ¹⁸O depletion in zircon from granitic gneiss in the northeastern end of the Sulu orogen. Zircon δ¹⁸O values vary from −7.8‰ to −3.1‰ along a profile of 50 m length at Zaobuzhen. They are close to extremely low δ¹⁸O values of −9.0‰ to −5.9‰ for metagranite at Qinglongshan and adjacent areas in the southwestern end of the Sulu orogen. CL imaging suggests that the low δ¹⁸O zircons at Zaobuzhen are primarily of magmatic origin, but underwent different degrees of metamorphic modification. Zircon U-Pb dating yields middle Neoproterozoic ages of 751 ± 27 to 779 ± 25 Ma for protolith crystallization and Triassic ages of 214 ± 10 to 241 ± 33 Ma for metamorphic resetting. However, no metamorphic modification occurs in zircon REE patterns that only indicate magmatic recrystallization and hydrothermal alteration, respectively. Thus, the negative δ¹⁸O zircons are interpreted as crystallizing from negative δ¹⁸O magmas due to melting of meteoric-hydrothermally altered negative δ¹⁸O rocks in an active rift setting at about 780 Ma. The variation in zircon δ¹⁸O values indicates considerable O isotope heterogeneity in its granitic protolith. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope analyses give positive ε_Hf(t) values of 1.6-4.1 and Hf model ages of 1.18-1.30 Ga. This suggests that the granitic protolith was derived from the mid-Neoproterozoic reworking of late Mesoproterozoic juvenile crust. The metagranites at Zaobuzhen and Qinglongshan, about 450 km apart, are two known occurrences of the unusually low δ¹⁸O zircons below −6‰ so far reported in the Sulu orogen. They are similar to each other in both protolith and metamorphic ages, so that they share the same nature of both Neoproterozoic protolith and Triassic metamorphism. Therefore, the locally negative δ¹⁸O zircons may register centers of low δ¹⁸O magmatism during the supercontinental rifting.     

Geology, Fluid Inclusion and Isotopic Study of the Neoproterozoic Suoi Thau Copper Deposit, Northwest Vietnam

The Sin Quyen-Lung Po district is an important Cu metallogenic province in Vietnam, but there are few temporal and genetic constraints on deposits from this belt. Suoi Thau is one of the representative Cu deposits associated with granitic intrusion. The deposit consists of ore bodies in altered granite or along the contact zone between granite and Proterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks. The Cu-bearing intrusion is sub-alkaline I-type granite. It has a zircon U-Pb age of ~776 Ma, and has subduction-related geochemical signatures. Geochemical analysis reveals that the intrusion may be formed by melting of mafic lower crust in a subduction regime. Three stages of alteration and mineralization are identified in the Suoi Thau deposit, i.e., potassic alteration; silicification and Cu mineralization; and phyllic alteration. Two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions in quartz from silicification stage show wide ranges of homogenization temperatures(140–383℃) and salinities(4.18wt%–19.13wt%). The high temperature and high salinity natures of some inclusions are consistent with a magmatic derivation of the fluids, which is also supported by the H-O-S isotopes. Fluids in quartz have δD values of –41.9‰ to –68.8‰. The fluids in isotopic equilibrium with quartz have δ~(18)O values ranging from 7.9‰ to 9.2‰. These values are just plotted in the compositional field of magmatichydrothermal fluids in the δD_(water) versus δ~(18)O_(water) diagram. Sulfide minerals have relatively uniform δ~(34)S values from 1.84‰ to 3.57‰, which is supportive of a magmatic derivation of sulfur. The fluid inclusions with relatively low temperatures and salinities most probably represent variably cooled magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The magmatic derivation of fluids and the close spatial relationship between Cu ore bodies and intrusion suggest that the Cu mineralization most likely had a genetic association with granite. The Suoi Thau deposit, together with other deposits in the region, may define a Neoproterozoic subduction-related ore-forming belt.     

滇西桃花花岗斑岩中新太古代-古元古代锆石年龄信息:对扬子板块西缘基底时代的约束

扬子板块西缘滇西地区是否存在古老基底一直存在争议。本文对滇西桃花地区花岗斑岩进行了岩石学、地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究。形成于晚造山-后碰撞背景的桃花花岗斑岩具岛弧花岗岩地球化学特征,其成因可能与:1)俯冲拆离的洋壳俯冲拆离的洋壳或富集地幔重熔作用;2)加厚的地壳部分熔融。花岗斑岩中的继承锆石有两种类型:一类是发育具有密集振荡环带的岩浆锆石;另一类是次浑圆状锆石。测年结果显示,花岗斑岩的岩浆锆石年龄为36.35±0.35Ma,环带发育的继承锆石年龄介于167~891Ma之间;而次浑圆状继承锆石可以分为两组,其207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为1851±22Ma与2499±32Ma。新的锆石测年结果表明着滇西桃花地区不仅存在古金沙江洋东向俯冲形成的晚古生代弧岩浆记录,还发现新元古代岩浆活动信息,及早古元古代和新太古代的锆石记录。推测1.8Ga与2.5Ga锆石可能是捕获自地壳或围岩(石鼓片岩),表明滇西地区可能存在古老基底。     

U–Pb geochronology and Raman spectroscopy of zircons from the granites in the Xihuashan and Tieshanlong Deposit: Implications for W‐Sn mineralization in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China

The Xihuashan and Tieshanlong tungsten deposit is an important large quartz vein‐type W‐polymetallic deposit in the southern Jiangxi Province, eastern Nanling Range. Zircon U–Pb analyses of representative ore‐forming granites from the Xihuashan and Tieshanlong tungsten deposit yield ages of 146.3 ± 2.9 Ma and 146.0 ± 3.8 Ma, respectively. According to the zircon Raman spectroscopy, these granitic rocks are disturbed by different degrees of hydrothermal alteration, whereas most zircons exhibit primary oscillatory zoning and Th/U ratios in the range of magmatic zircon, which means the analysis results represent the crystallization age of metallogenetic granitic assemblages. In combination with regional geological data, it is suggested that the Late Jurassic is probably another important episode of granitic magmatism and W‐Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Provinces, even South China.     

Zircon U-Pb and oxygen isotope evidence for a large-scale O depletion event in igneous rocks during the Neoproterozoic

Oxygen isotope analysis and U-Pb dating were carried out on zircons from granite, granitic gneiss and eclogite in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt of east-central China. The results show a wide variation in zircon δ¹⁸O values from −10.9 to 8.5‰. Most of the values are lower than normal mantle zircon and almost half have prominently negative values. The low δ¹⁸O zircons have protolith ages of 700 to 800 Ma and metamorphic ages of 205 to 250 Ma, respectively. Fluid availability within the metaigneous rocks dictates the extent of metamorphic recrystallization and overgrowth. The igneous zircons have preserved their magmatic zoning and middle Neoproterozoic U-Pb age during the Triassic metamorphism, indicating low fluid availability. Widespread low δ¹⁸O values are identified in the magmatic zircons of middle Neoproterozoic age, within an outcrop area of over 20,000 km² along the northern edge of the South China Block. The low δ¹⁸O zircons record the presence of large volumes of low δ¹⁸O igneous rocks that were derived from remelting of meteoric-hydrothermally altered rocks at some time between 700 and 800 Ma.The U-Pb ages for metaigneous protoliths and granites are correlated not only with the timing of rifting accompanying the breakup of Rodinia, but also with contemporary glacial deposits in the South China Block at paleolatitudes of 30 to 40°N. Melting of glacial ice and snow is suggested, instead of the direct involvement of meteoric water, to produce the low δ¹⁸O fluid with oxygen isotopic signatures like the cold-climate meteoric water. The rifting created conditions favorable to anatexis of meteoric-hydrothermally altered rocks. Glaciated regions supplied copious water for the water-rock interaction during magma emplacement along rifting zones. Both rifting and glaciation favored the generation of the low δ¹⁸O magmas in the region. The low δ¹⁸O zircons are thus interpreted to have crystallized from the low δ¹⁸O magmas of middle Neoproterozoic age, and onset of the generation of low δ¹⁸O magmas in the northern margin of the South China Block is estimated to occur at about 758 ± 15 Ma. The large-scale remelting of hydrothermally altered crust not only results from repetitive emplacement of mafic magmas along the rifting zones with protracted episodes of water-rock interaction, but also involves rift systems that rapidly introduce large volumes of fluid through confined pathways and traps in a short space of time in response to tectonic triggers. Occurrence of the large-scale ¹⁸O depletion during the middle Neoproterozoic may be a manifestation of the cold paleoclimate related to the snowball Earth event.