冈底斯成矿带陆相火山岩区浅成低温热液矿床蚀变分带模型——以西藏斯弄多矿床为例

斯弄多银铅锌矿床是冈底斯成矿带发现的首个低硫化浅成低温热液矿床。本文采用短波红外技术对矿区进行了精细蚀变矿物分带划分,并结合岩石地球化学测量对不同蚀变带元素的迁移机制进行了系统分析,构建了斯弄多矿区的短波红外勘查模型。研究发现:(1) Al-OH波长值的无序排列变化说明斯弄多矿床中存在不同岩浆热液流体的混合作用;(2)不同矿物组合形成了明显的蚀变分带,垂向上(由内向外)形成了绢云母化带→绢云母-钠云母-蒙脱石带→绢云母-伊利石-蒙脱石带→绢云母-伊利石带;(3)隐爆角砾岩型矿体中成矿元素Ag-Pb-Zn具有明显的分带性,其中,Ag主要赋存在绢云母-伊利石带,Pb-Zn则主要赋存在绢云母-伊利石-蒙脱石带;(4)热液脉型Ag-Pb-Zn矿体品位与伊利石结晶度指数IC关系密切,矿体主要赋存于0. 6≤IC≤1. 2的范畴;(5)以钻孔BZK0301(3号勘探线)为界,斯弄多矿床成矿性优劣存在一条明显界线,NE向由于不同流体的混合作用成矿性较好,SW向因为流体较为单一成矿性差。     

西藏自治区谢通门县斯弄多铅锌矿区地球物理特征及找矿方向

浅成低温热液型矿床是一类主要产于陆相火山岩或与陆相火山岩有关的低温热液矿床,矿床埋藏深度浅是其最大的特点,这也使地球物理勘探方法在这类矿床的勘查中具有先天优势。本文通过对西藏斯弄多Pb-Zn-Ag多金属浅成低温热液型矿床的地球物理参数特征研究,采用激发极化法等综合物探技术在矿体外围探获具有巨大前景的Pb-Zn-Au-Ag浅成低温热液型矿体。目前单工程控制有3段矿体:顶部Au-Ag矿体,中部Au矿体,底部Pb-Zn-Ag矿体。矿体最高Au品位可达5.3g/t,Ag最高品位410g/t,Pb+Zn综合平均品位5.9%。研究结果表明,斯弄多地区林子宗群火山岩物性参数稳定,对矿体异常干扰较小,产于该套火山岩中极强硅化体中的浅成低温热液型Au矿多具有中高极化率和中低阻特征。     

广东望石银铅多金属矿地质成因特征及找矿前景

广东望石银铅多金属矿属热液充填交代型银铅矿床。通过对该矿床地质特征进行研究,结合前人的研究成果,初步探讨矿床的成矿模式。研究表明,由向斜以及形成于加里东期的望石断裂破碎带构成的控矿构造是该矿的必要成矿要素;矿区的银铅矿体主要赋存于海西期花岗闪长岩中,走向上存在其他矿体的可能性较大,硅化、绿泥石化是重要的蚀变标志,褐铁矿(铁帽)、构造角砾岩是重要的找矿标志。依据矿区矿体的埋深推测可能存在系列矿床,具有一定的找矿潜力。     

河北省阜平县口子头普查区化探异常及找矿前景分析

在综合分析前期地质、化探资料的基础上,对河北省阜平县口子头隐爆角砾岩开展了1/1万岩石地球化学测量工作,圈定10处异常.钻探验证显示深部黄铁绢英岩化强烈,圈定5个钼矿体、7个银(金)矿体,估算钼金属量83 t,银金属量10.67 t,伴生金金属量61.81 kg.银钼多金属矿体赋存于隐爆角砾岩体中,表明地表原生晕异常为矿致异常.钻孔原生晕元素含量分布图显示,主要成矿元素的结晶沉淀规律符合典型热液型矿床的元素分布特征.笔者还研究了矿体中元素的富集范围,预测了深部盲矿体的赋存部位,并提出进一步验证的建议.     

西藏林子宗群火山岩中首次发现低硫化型浅成低温热液型矿床——以斯弄多银多金属矿为例

西藏冈底斯成矿带分布着大面积古近纪(70–40 Ma)林子宗群火山岩。但如此强烈的火山-岩浆作用,与安第斯成矿带相比(如马力昆带(Franja de Maricunga)、印地—帕斯瓜带(Franja El Indio-Pascua)),除了碰撞伸展阶段形成的驱龙、甲玛等斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床外(23–13 Ma),"缺位"资源规模大、经济价值高的浅成低温热液型矿床成矿亚系列。该类矿床是剥蚀了,还是没有发现?本文在前人工作基础上,通过详细的地质勘探、地质填图、地质编录、镜下鉴定、能谱和电子探针分析,在南木林盆地斯弄多地区林子宗群陆相火山岩中识别出低硫化浅成低温热液型银铅锌(铟镉金)矿床。矿体由产于流纹斑岩中的隐爆角砾岩型银铅锌矿体、火山机构旁侧的热液脉型银铅锌矿体及断裂上盘的银(铅锌)矿体组成,目前控制Pb+Zn资源量超过30万吨(331+332为主)@Pb+Zn5%,Ag资源量超过400吨@Ag50 g/t。主要金属矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿、辉银矿、硫砷铜银矿、黄铁矿,微量黄铜矿,主要蚀变组合为:石英-玉髓-碧玉,重晶石-萤石,冰长石-伊利石-绢云母,菱铁矿-菱锰矿;矿石构造以脉状、角砾状、网脉状、条带状、层纹状、皮壳状、块状、浸染状等,发育结晶作用和交代作用形成的矿石结构;近地表发育古热泉喷口,堆积条带状、层纹状硅质沉积物。综合上述地质信息,确定该矿床为典型低硫化浅成低温热液型银多金属矿床。这一重要矿床类型的发现和确定在冈底斯成矿带乃至西藏特提斯成矿省尚属首例,对冈底斯成矿带广泛发育形成于70~40 Ma的林子宗群火山岩地区区域找矿具有积极和重要的指导意义,其重要性不容低估。     

阜平县口子头银钼多金属矿床地质特征及矿床成因

阜平县口子头银钼多金属矿位于县城北部与山西省交界地段,与隐爆角砾岩的产出关系密切。本文通过对该矿区区域地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿体的分布位置分析研究,并结合物化探特征及矿化蚀变情况,对隐爆角砾岩的形成和成矿过程进行了推断,认为该矿床成因类型为与斑岩侵入体及隐爆角砾岩体有关的角砾岩筒型银钼多金属矿床。明确了构造、蚀变和物化探找矿标志,认为沿第6勘探线剖面所见银矿体的走向、倾向的延伸部位是扩大矿床规模的直接找矿方向。     

内蒙古林西县干沟坝银锡多金属矿地质特征及成矿远景分析

黄岗梁-孟恩陶勒盖多金属成矿带是内蒙古重要的成矿带,黄岗梁-林西铁锡多金属矿集区、白音诺-浩布高铅锌多金属矿集区,是成矿带两个重点成矿区域。干沟坝矿区位于两矿集区过渡带内,是寻找类似矿床的有利地段。通过对干沟坝矿区的野外地质勘查,厘定成矿地质条件,揭露了锡矿体4条,结合矿体地质特征及成矿构造分析,认为矿床类型属热液型银锡多金属矿床,伴生多金属元素有Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo等,矿体受岩体和与岩体有关的断裂裂隙构造严格控制,具有寻找深部矿体的潜力。     

安徽池州乌谷墩银钼多金属矿床地质特征及找矿潜力

安徽池州乌谷墩银钼多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带贵池矿集区,属斑岩型-矽卡岩型-热液型矿床.文章研究了乌谷墩银钼多金属矿床的地质特征和成矿条件,分析该矿床的找矿潜力,按照成矿缺位理论,预测了不同类型矿体的找矿方向.乌谷墩银钼多金属矿区具有寻找中—大型多金属矿床的前景,"成矿系统分析+立体填图+钻探验证"的深部找矿思路和工作方法对该矿区及周边地区寻找盲矿体具有指导意义.     

激发极化法和音频大地电磁测深在西藏斯弄多矿区找矿中的应用

斯弄多铅锌矿床位于西藏日喀则南木林盆地,形成于印度-欧亚大陆碰撞背景下。该时期目前已发现如斯弄多、纳如松多、査孜、轧轧龙等大量铅锌矿床,这些矿床具有相似的赋矿围岩和矿石类型,但均存在地球物理研究工作开展极少,围岩和矿石物性不明等问题。为了查明这些矿床的地球物理特征及地球物理找矿方法的适用性,本文以斯弄多铅锌矿床为例,采用激电中梯测量、激电测深和音频大地电磁测深,结合地质资料综合分析,以2.5%为矿区视极化率异常下限,并以此为依据在矿区圈定出主矿体北部受后期断层破坏后的位置,异常强度高,极大可能为矿体引起,并通过实施验证钻孔发现了矿体。由于矿石和赋矿围岩物性差异较大,电法在产于林子宗群火山岩中的脉型、隐爆角砾岩型铅锌矿找矿工作中适用性强,可推广至整个冈底斯林子宗群火山岩带中应用。     

封面故事

正西藏斯弄多银铅锌矿床钻探现场及矿石特征。研究表明,该矿体由方铅矿-闪锌矿-独立银矿物(辉银矿、硫砷铜银矿、螺状硫银矿等)-玉髓-蛋白石-伊利石-绢云母-菱锰矿-冰长石组成,为典型的低硫化型浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床,精准年代学结果显示其成岩与成矿事件均发生在古新世。斯弄多银铅锌矿床类型和成矿事件的厘定,对于丰富整个冈底斯成矿带的矿床     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861