狮尾河流域地质灾害治理防护堤工程施工设计问题讨论

云南省云龙县狮尾河流域地质灾害治理防护堤工程的施工设计存在不少问题,特别是河道地形变化和防护堤越过已建固床坝这2个问题,严重制约着施工进度,影响着施工质量和工程安全。在分析原施工设计存在的问题的基础上,提出了切实可行的解决办法,并取得了良好的治理效果。     

厚层淤泥中的爆炸定向滑移法原理及工程实例

介绍了一种能应用于深厚层淤泥软基的挤淤法--爆炸定向滑移法 (Bosm)。该法是通过在抛石堤头前方淤泥中一定位置处埋置群药包,利用爆炸产生的强冲击波和震动扰动淤泥并降低淤泥强度,使抛石堤下方及周围淤泥的结构破坏,瞬间丧失强度,短期内难以恢复,形成定向滑移条件,抛石堤下沉实现泥石置换。同时,结合深港西部通道海堤挤淤工程,详细介绍了爆炸定向滑移法的施工参数和工序流程,提出了施工质量控制和检测措施。通过钻孔、物探及沉降观测等技术手段对竣工后大堤进行的检查表明, 大堤是稳定的,采用爆炸定向滑移法修筑海堤是成功的。值得在深厚层淤泥的海堤挤淤工程中推广。     

相山地区河元背深钻CUSD2孔钻探技术

相山地区河元背深钻CUSD2孔设计直孔孔深1800 m,于2014年11月28日开钻,至2015年3月26日钻进孔深1535.02 m,达到地质目的层位,顺利终孔,历时119天。该工程选用国内首台XY-8DB型电传动立轴式岩心钻机,成功施工P口径（φ122 mm）绳索取心钻进至1535.02 m。主要介绍了该孔的钻探施工技术。     

高压喷射注浆技术在防渗工程中的应用

广东岭澳核电站联合泵站施工围堰深水填筑,采用高压旋喷法防渗,介绍了工程概况、围堰设计和注浆施工,并通过计算分析和现场试验证明防渗设计和施工是成功的。     

下雷-东平锰矿带矿床特征和成因探讨

下雷-东平锰矿带是我国重要的锰矿矿集区。在矿集区典型锰矿床的野外工作基础上,对含锰岩系和矿石开展了岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素地球化学分析研究,比较了同一锰矿带的下雷式、东平式两类锰矿床特征。结合前人区域构造资料,探讨了下雷式、东平式两类锰矿成因。研究认为下雷式锰矿形成于被动大陆边缘,热水作用参与了锰矿的形成;而东平式锰矿形成于被动大陆边缘向前陆盆地过渡带,成矿过程中火山活动强烈,推测东平锰矿的沉淀富集作用与海底火山喷发具有一定的相关性。     

阿克苏城市防洪工程施工期洪水设计及洪水频率计算分析

阿克苏市城市防洪分为东城区和西城区部分。为减少台兰河玻璃厂上段山洪给阿克苏市东城带来的危害,选用台兰水文站为设计洪水参证站,对台兰河玻璃厂上段洪水进行水文计算,同时根据设计洪峰流量计算成果对防洪工程施工期洪水进行设计,并对成果合理性进行分析,结果可知:玻璃厂周边洪沟区域内洪水主要来自流域的融雪型洪水和山区暴雨洪水,在施工中要避开洪水期进行,最终确定施工时段为3月1日～6月15日和9月1日～11月15日两阶段进行比较合适。     

水泥喷浆桩工程技术在新乡市区住宅楼基础工程的应用实例

新乡市染织厂９号住宅楼基础工程,属于一个典型的老城区改造工程实例。拟建工程场地的环境地质条件很差,不能满足建筑设计与施工要求。在分析岩土工程地质资料和深层搅拌桩设计、施工技术的基础上,选择水泥喷浆桩复合地基进行处理并获成功,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。水泥喷浆桩复合地基处理在新乡市区首次成功,显示了地基处理施工、设计单位的技术实力。     

南京悦庆大厦深基坑支护设计与施工

主要论述了在复杂地形条件下的南京悦庆大厦深基坑的支护设计和施工方案,重点阐述了钻孔灌注桩和深层搅拌桩在工程实例中的成功应用,为深基坑的支护施工积累了新经验。     

桩撑与基础托换联合支护的设计与施工

概述了湖北洪山宾馆基坑支护工程采用桩撑与基础托换联合支护技术的设计及施工。实践证明,该基坑支护设计合理,施工技术可靠,成功利用支护桩对临近建筑物的天然基础进行了基础托换,确保了周围建筑物的安全,可为类似工程的设计与施工借鉴。     

爆炸法提高深水井的涌水量

介绍了用爆炸法提高水井涌水量的深水爆破弹的制作、施工方法及防水处理措施等。结果表明,用爆炸法提高深水井涌水量是一种切实可行的有效方法。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on zigzag porous screen breakwater

Pile supported porous breakwaters are commonly adopted for shielding small-scale harbors, such as marinas, fishing harbors, and recreational harbors from external waves. To improve efficiency of such breakwaters, attempts have been made to provide a filter screen containing porous material. Possible alternative to the existing pile supported screen breakwaters is the zigzag breakwater. This article details on the numerical and experimental investigations carried out on the performance of zigzag porous screen breakwater. Results related to the wave amplification in front of the structure, wave reflection, and transmission, forces exerted by the waves on the structure are discussed. The studies clearly indicate that the transmission coefficient of the order of 0.5 can be achieved for H _i/gT ² > 0.008 for 50% submergence, whereas the reflection coefficient can be effectively reduced to 0.2. Reduction in wave force is of the order of 50% which is primarily due to reduction in reflection coefficient. Substantial reduction in wave force contributes directly to reduction in the cost of construction of the breakwater, a definite advantage over other similar breakwaters.     

Impact of shore-parallel breakwaters on the microtidal coast of Hammam-Lif (North-East of Tunisia)

The Hammam Lif coast (North-East of Tunisia) suffered from erosion mainly after the storm that damaged the zone in 1981. To protect it, eight shore-parallel breakwaters were built. The present study is interested in presenting the effect of the protection works on the coastline behavior by using aerial photographs geo-referenced by the digital photogrammetric method and empirical relationships. The successive breakwaters made a general accretion with formation of seven tombolos and salient. The response of the coast to these structures was related to the characteristics of these latter (length, distance to coast, and spacing). The effectiveness of such protection works is shown by the evaluation of the accretion areas formed behind them. The breakwaters which are the longest, less distant from the shoreline, and less spaced formed well-developed tombolos. Whereas, the structures which are short, very far from the coastline, and far from each other caused very small tombolos and even a salient.     

Coastal morphology and beach stability along Thiruvananthapuram,south-west coast of India

Shoreline changes are largely dependent on coastal morphology. South-west coast of India is a high energy coast characterised by monsoon high waves, steep beach face and medium-sized beach sand. Waves are generally from west and west south-west during rough monsoon season and from south-west during fair weather season. Shoreline change along this coast is studied with reference to coastal morphological features. Various morphological features, modifications and chronological positions of shoreline are analysed with the information derived from multidated satellite imageries, toposheets and GPS shoreline mapping along with extended field survey. Image processing and GIS techniques have been used for the analysis of data and presentation of results. Sediment accumulation on the leeward side of artificial structures such as harbour breakwaters and groynes is used as a sediment transport indicator. Artificial structures such as seawalls, groynes and harbour breakwaters modify morphology. Shoreline south of headlands/promontories and breakwaters are stable or accreting due to net northerly longshore sediment transport while erosion tendency is observed on the north side. Lateritic cliffs fronting the sea or with seasonal beach undergo slumping and cliff edge retreat as episodic events. Spits adjoining tidal inlets are prone to shoreline variations due to oscillations of inlet mouth. Interventions in the form of inlet stabilization and construction of coastal protection structures trigger erosion along adjoining coasts. Seawalls constructed along highly eroding coasts get damaged, whereas those constructed along monsoon berm crest with frontal beaches for protection against monsoon wave attack are retained. Fishing gaps within seawalls are areas of severe temporary erosion during rough monsoon season. Accretion or erosion accompanies construction of harbour breakwaters in a stable coastal plain. Close dependence of shoreline changes on morphology necessitates detailed understanding of impacts on morphology prior to introducing any intervention in the coastal zone.     

The Purpose and Age of Underwater Walls in the Bay of Elaia of Western Turkey: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Pergamum (modern: Bergama) was operating an important harbour used by military forces and merchants at the city of Elaia during Hellenistic and Roman Imperial times. Harbour‐related facilities such as warehouses, breakwaters and wharfs document the importance of this harbour site not only for the Pergamenians. This paper focuses on the purpose and age of six submerged wall structures situated approximately 1 km south of the ancient closed harbour basin of Elaia. Geoelectric cross‐sections and semi‐aquatic coring near these walls failed to detect any solid basement under the walls which excludes their possible use as breakwaters or wharfs. Instead, the walls were most likely delineating and separating evaporation ponds of salt works, which compares well with similar structures from other periods and places around the Mediterranean. Combined OSL and ¹⁴C‐dating determined the construction age of the installation between the 4th and 6th centuries A.D. Subsequent (re‐)uses are likely and are in agreement with findings from archaeological surveys.     

泥岩、砂岩石方开挖施工工法的创新与研究

通过新疆小山口水电站基础石方开挖工程实践,对当地泥岩和砂岩地质物理特性进行了深入研究,对其石方开挖工法进行了大胆创新,提出了纯机械法施工工法,分别从工程施工质量、进度、安全和成本等多个方面与传统的钻爆法进行比较,结果表明：新施工工法县有技术先进性和经济合理性,可以在今后的施工中使用和椎广。     

首钢曹妃甸钻孔桩海水泥浆应用研究

在滨海浅滩进行钻孔灌注桩施工时,能否应用海水配制泥浆、应用什么样的造浆材料和处理剂、泥浆指标的合理应用是钻孔灌注桩成功施工的重要因素。通过对几种造浆材料的比选,泥浆配比的优化,对使用海水配制膨润土泥浆的可行性进行了分析。结合首钢曹妃甸2号高炉区钻孔桩施工实例,简要介绍了膨润土海水泥浆的成功应用,对施工过程中的控制方法做了说明,以达到指导类似工程施工的目的。     

深基坑开挖爆破技术

介绍了深基坑开挖的控制爆破技术,结合工程实践,阐述了爆破参数选取及施工工艺措施.     

基于PDCA循环的牛角山隧道光面爆破质量控制与技术改进

光面爆破质量直接关系到隧道施工的质量、安全及成本等,牛角山隧道凿岩爆破开挖施工过程中,采用PD—CA循环质量管理方法,根据TM隧道断面测量系统采集的断面超欠挖数据,进行现场检查、讨论分析,找出影响光面爆破质量的主要因素,通过制定有针对性的改进措施并监督执行,较好地提高了光面爆破效果,一次循环进尺平均光面爆破合格率达到95％,炮眼残留率达到85％,不仅保证了隧道施工质量,而且降低了施工成本,加快了施工进度,获得了良好的质量效果和经济效益。     

四川安谷水电站勘探竖井及试验平硐施工工艺

四川安谷水电站勘探竖井所处地层河床砂卵石层深厚,采用传统的人工挖掘护壁或沉井施工工艺,施工难度大。针对地层的特点,采用冲击钻机成孔的方式施工。同时,在竖井中开挖试验平硐,遵循多炮眼、小进尺、小药量,光面爆破的施工方案,圆满完成试验平硐的开挖。介绍了其施工技术及注意事项。     

用地球物理技术对隧道控制爆破的监测与反馈

招宝山公路隧道为大跨度并行超小净距的隧道,两隧道的净距仅为规范规定的1/7~1/10,保护两隧道间夹岩体成为关键技术。采用控制爆破保护岩体是主要措施之一。作者采用声波测量、陆地声纳等测量岩体受爆破破坏的深度及破坏情况,并监测质点振动速度来控制爆破的振动,还通过应变、位移和压力等量测的资料来监视隧道的安全,以选择和判定控制爆破的施工方案、施工顺序、爆破参数。工程获得成功,带来较大的经济效益。