东天山马头滩金矿的成矿时代及其地质意义

马头滩金矿区位于秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带西段南缘,矿床成因研究表明,马头滩金矿的形成受该韧性剪切带的控制。为探讨马头滩金矿的成矿时代及其地质意义,开展了石英流体包裹体成分及Rb-Sr、白云母Ar-Ar和硫化物S同位素分析。石英的Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为258.8±6.8Ma,限定了该矿床的形成时代,40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为256.0±1.0Ma,与成矿作用及秋格明塔什韧性剪切带西段右行走滑剪切变形作用在误差范围内一致,说明成矿作用与走滑剪切作用密切相关。S同位素及石英包裹体气液相成分特征表明,成矿流体具有幔源特征,并有壳源物质参与,而由右行走滑剪切及随后的抬升作用导致的压力和温度的降低应是东天山地区剪切带型金矿床形成的动力学背景。     

湖北随州黑龙潭金矿石英Rb-Sr同位素年龄及其地质意义

通过矿物流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素测年,获得鄂北黑龙潭金矿石英Rb-Sr等时线年龄为132.6±2.7Ma,表明该金矿床形成于早白垩世中期。矿石石英中流体包裹体Sr同位素初始比(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i平均值为0.710798,小于陆源硅酸盐的值(0.720),高于地幔Sr的初始值(0.707),暗示成矿物质来源于壳幔混合。结合各类岩矿石Au丰度变化,S、Pb、H、O等同位素组成,以及稀土和微量元素特征、成矿流体等研究,认为该矿床的形成可能与燕山期持续伸展阶段大规模构造-岩浆活动有关,燕山期中酸性岩浆活动为金矿成矿提供了主要矿源和热源。     

铅锌矿床Rb-Sr定年研究综

本文在总结Rb-Sr等时线定年的基本前提和矿床Rb-Sr等时线定年存在的问题的基础上,综述了铅锌矿床流体包裹体和闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线定年的研究进展,同时对该定年方法存在的问题进行了简要评述。综合分析表明,Rb-Sr等时线定年(尤其是闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线定年)为铅锌矿床较理想的直接定年方法,但该定年方法还存在许多理论和技术问题,有待深入研究;铅锌矿床Rb-Sr等时线定年应以深入细致的地质、地球化学研究为基础,定年过程中必须严慎对待样品采集、样品挑选、流体包裹体溶液提取和质谱分析等各个环节。     

花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄与全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄对比研究及其地球化学意义

对国内外32个花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄与全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄之间差值（Δt）进行的频数统计分析表明：Δt呈对称正态分布（偏度系数CSK=0.36;峰度系数CKU=2.99）;年龄差（Δt）既呈正值又有负值,其均值为2.08Ma;相对年龄差（Rt）小于5%。采用最小二乘法计算,花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄（tZr）对全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄（tRb）拟合出相关系数很高（r=0.998）,回归系数接近l（α=1.003）的线性回归方程（tRb =1.003tZr +1.258）。这些统计特征表明,从总体来看,花岗岩体的Rb-Sr等时线定年测定结果与锆石U-Pb定年测定结果是一致的,花岗岩全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年方法是成熟、可信的,同时也为花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄代表结晶年龄而不代表花岗岩侵位年龄提供了依据。     

山东归来庄金矿床地质特征及成矿模型

为查明山东归来庄金矿的成因信息和成矿过程,笔者通过系统梳理成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,并运用黄铁矿Rb-Sr、碳氧稳定同位素和流体包裹体等方法,查明归来庄金矿是中低温成矿流体经过多期次、多阶段演化,形成于中侏罗世晚期的矿床。在此基础上结合前人研究成果,建立了成矿模型。     

长坑矿田金,银矿床地球化学特征及形成差异分析

长坑矿田金、银矿体主要产于下石炭统与上三叠统不整合面之下的硅质岩中,金、银矿体分离。金矿体主要为浸染状,富集As、Sb、Hg;银矿体主要为脉状,富集Cu、Pb、Zn。金矿体铅同位素组成与寒武纪—石炭纪地层及硅质岩的相同,银矿体铅同位素组成与金矿体的不同。金、银矿体的氢、氧、碳同位素组成也明显不同。银矿体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为70.4Ma。据上述特征,笔者认为长坑金、银矿床是不同成矿作用形成的,金矿主要是热水沉积形成,银矿主要是燕山期晚期改造形成。     

西藏亚东淡色花岗岩Rb—Sr和Sm—Nd同位素研究——关于其年龄和源岩的证据

对西藏亚东淡色花岗岩Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素的详细研究表明,亚东淡色花岗岩Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素组成十分不均匀,其初始Sr值和ε-(Nd)(13 Ma)分别介于0.756～0.775和-11.6～-16.3。由于存在着显著的同位素变异,而难以获得其全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄。但研究获得了12.9±0.95Ma矿物—全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄,其锶初始值为0.7744±0.0008,该年龄可以与高喜马拉雅带其他淡色花岗岩的年龄对比。Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素组成显示亚东淡色花岗岩的源岩很可能是聂拉木群副变质岩。年龄统计分析表明,喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是在地壳伸展和快速隆起背景下形成的,因此它的形成年龄是碰撞造山后地壳强烈活动和快速隆起的重要标志。     

湘南芙蓉矿田白腊水锡矿床包裹体特征

白腊水锡矿床位于骑田岭复式岩体的南部,矿体受断裂构造带控制;矿脉(体)的分布及其形态、产状等受低序次断裂控制。矿物中V-L包裹体、V-L-Lco2包裹体发育,包裹体均一温度显示有三个区间,可划分为三个成矿阶段,反映出成矿多期次叠加的特征。根据石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄值(177Ma)和锡矿化强蚀变岩石Rb Sr同位素年龄(136Ma),表明成矿时代应为燕山早期,并且该矿床形成可能是二次成矿作用的产物。     

新疆元宝山金矿床锆石U-Pb、全岩Rb-Sr年代学及其地质意义

元宝山金矿床位于新疆鄯善县境内,属于东天山康古尔塔格金矿带,受秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带控制。为探讨元宝山金矿床的成矿时代及其地质意义,本次研究开展了矿石石英Rb-Sr年代学、含矿围岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学分析。(255.6±1.0)Ma的含矿围岩Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄以及(256±14)Ma的石英Rb-Sr等时线年龄,限定了该矿床的形成时代,而(334.7±9.8)Ma的含矿围岩锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明,该矿床的含矿围岩为中石炭统。Sr、Nd同位素特征表明,成矿物质来源具有幔源特征并有壳源物质参与,而区内韧性剪切带右行走滑剪切及随后的抬升作用导致的压力和温度的降低应是元宝山金矿床形成的动力学背景。     

福建行洛坑大型钨矿的地质特征、成矿时代及其找矿意义

行洛坑钨矿是目前福建最大也是武夷山成矿带最大的钨矿,已知储量主要分布于岩体内部,宜归属于斑岩型钨矿范畴。本文通过Re-Os法和Rb-Sr等时线法测定花岗岩体中辉钼矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为156.3±4.8Ma,石英脉中流体包裹体的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为147.5±2.9Ma,表明成矿作用与岩浆岩的形成基本同步,并延续了大约10Ma。因此,行洛坑钨矿虽然属于斑岩型钨钼矿但岩体以外的空间也可能找到石英脉钨矿,而整个武夷山成矿带中生代持续而复杂的成矿历史预示了其良好的找矿前景。     

新疆东准噶尔北部青格里河下游花岗岩类的时代及地质意义

选取新疆东准噶尔北部青格里河下游一带乌图布拉克、阿热勒托别和哈旦逊岩体等具一定规模的3个代表性岩体,通过全岩Rb-Sr等时线同位素定年,确定了研究区内玛音鄂博断裂南侧花岗岩类的形成时代分别为(334.1±9.5)M a、(300±9)M a和(280±12)M a,其初始87Sr/86Sr比值分别为0.704 33、0.704 35和0.703 84。结果表明研究区内花岗岩分别形成于华力西中晚期的不同阶段。乌图布拉克岩体形成于早石炭世,为碰撞造山作用晚期的钙碱性花岗岩,可能是早泥盆世富Nb玄武岩部分熔融的产物;结合前人厘定的板块俯冲时间(408~376 M a),推测西伯利亚板块与哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块的碰撞时限为376~334 M a。阿热勒托别岩体形成于后碰撞拉张环境,可能是形成于岛弧环境的中基性火山岩部分熔融的产物;哈旦逊岩体虽然也形成于后碰撞拉张环境,但拉张程度更高,属于与岩浆底侵作用有关的花岗岩类。     

The Kyonggi Shear Zone of the Central Korean Peninsula: Late Orogenic Imprint of the North and South China Collision

The crustal-scale Kyonggi shear zone of central Korea has been identified as a major boundary between the Precambrian Kyonggi massif in the south and the Imjingang belt in the north. The latter is an eastward extension of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu collisional belt of China. Field observations and microstructural analysis indicate that the extensional shear zone evolved from a deep crustal ductile regime to a shallow crustal brittle regime, associated with a rapid uplift of the Kyonggi massif following the Late Permian-Early Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. A Rb-Sr muscovite age (226+/-1.2 Ma) of the mylonite suggests that the extensional ductile shearing occurred during the Late Triassic.     

Sm-Nd isotope and trace element evidence for heterogeneous igneous protoliths of Variscan mafic blueschists in the East Krkonoše Complex (West Sudetes,NE Bohemian Massif,Czech Republic)

Granitoid rocks of the southern Menderes Massif, SW Turkey include widespread possibly Ediacaran high-grade granitic orthogneisses and younger (Tertiary) sheets, sills and/or dikes of variably deformed tourmaline-bearing leucogranites. The latter are confined to the immediate footwall of the regional-scale ductile southern Menderes shear zone. Although both sets of granitoid rocks are essentially calc-alkaline and peraluminous, the syn- to post-collisional tourmaline-bearing leucogranites are chemically distinguishable from both the granitoid orthogneisses and from two sets of mostly sodic siliceous dyke rocks. The leucogranites were generated by partial melting induced by shear heating during the waning stages of the Eocene main Menderes metamorphism and associated top-to-the-NNE thrusting along the southern Menderes ductile shear zone, which transported schists northwards over the granitoid orthogneisses of the core Menderes complex. Upward migration and emplacement of leucogranitic melt weakened formerly sheared rocks, so that when thrust-related deformation ceased it facilitated rapid crustal extension along the shear zone. The emplacement of leucogranites, in turn, promoted the reactivation of the southern Menderes shear zone as a top-to-the-SSW extensional feature. Continued extensional deformation affected the leucogranites which became parallel to the shear-zone foliation; local S-C fabrics were also generated. The additional occurrence of less or almost undeformed leucogranites suggests that the latest stages of extension might have induced adiabatic decompressional melting. Hence the leucogranite melt generation and emplacement in the southern Menderes Massif occurred in pulses. Both compressional and extensional processes played key roles in melt generation, emplacement, deformation and exhumation of the massif.

A clear distinction may also be made between the composition of granite-hosted tourmalines and those from metasedimentary schists. Tourmalines from a pebble of uncertain provenance in the Gökçay metaconglomerate plotted with schist-hosted tourmalines, suggesting that it was unlikely to be derived from granitoid gneiss. This crucial piece of evidence suggests that the presence of a major (Pan-African) unconformity at the so-called “core (orthogneiss)-cover (schist)” boundary in the southern Menderes Massif is unnecessary.     

辽宁海城地区辽河群底部大型韧性滑脱带的构造演化

通过对辽宁海城地区赵家堡子－马风－什司县一带早元古宙辽河群底部地层和变质深成侵入体的详细构造研究，确认了辽河群底部与太古宙之间大型韧性滑脱带的存在。卷入滑脱带的地质体有辽河群底部浪子山岩组和早元古宙变质深成侵入体。滑脱带的构造演化可划分为：①吕梁运动早期沿太古宙与早元古宙接触带部位发生大规模拉伸顺层滑脱变形作用；②拉伸滑脱变形中晚期早元古宙深成侵入体沿滑脱带顺层同构造就位；③吕梁运动晚期滑脱带的收缩变形作用三大阶段。     

Hercynian tectono-thermal evolution associated with crustal extension and exhumation of the Lora del Río metamorphic core complex (Ossa-Morena zone, Iberian Massif, SW Spain)

The Lora del Río metamorphic core complex corresponds to the lowermost, high-grade block below a Hercynian extensional shear zone. A peculiarity of this sector is that exhumation of the metamorphic core was the result of the activity of two low-angle, approximately perpendicular shear zones: the main and the secondary shear zones, both of which are separating three structural levels with distinct tectonometamorphic imprints. The Lora del Río metamorphic core underwent rapid exhumation due to the combined action of both extensional shear zones. The Huéznar unit, which represents the median block, shows a complex evolution whereby the highest metamorphism occurs in relation to the secondary extensional structure, although most structures appear to be controlled by the main extensional shear zone. Metamorphism and deformation within the upper block (Los Miradores unit) are controlled by the underlying units. Recognition in the Ossa-Morena zone of extensional deformation processes (dated at 340 Ma), spatially and temporally related with the convergent deformations, can help in the establishment of comparisons and correlations with other sectors of the European Hercynian foldbelt.     

江苏东海CCSD主孔超高压变形与折返变形的叠加关系

位于苏鲁超高压变质地体南部的中国大陆科学钻探工程（CCSD）主孔岩石经历了超高压变形及多期折返变形。第一期折返变形为伸展折返变形,榴辉岩发生角闪岩相退变质作用,没有新生面理或线理的发育,基本保留了超高压阶段的S-L组构,并有显示熔融体特征的强退变榴辉岩发育。第二期折返变形为SEE-NWW向挤压折返变形,超高压变形期形成的不同岩石类型在本期变形中表现出不同的叠加变形现象,榴辉岩类岩石早期形成的S倾面理主体部分转为SEE倾,但拉伸线理产状与超高压变形期的近SN走向基本一致,反映早期面理沿NNE轴向的重褶作用,局部又被向SEE缓倾的韧性剪切带切割;而片麻岩类岩石在超高压变形期形成的S-L组构的主体部分已被新生成的总体向SEE缓倾的S-L组构置换,反映早期面理不仅重褶,而且大部分再度发生韧性剪切变形,具SEE向NWW的逆冲剪切指向,矿物普遍重新定向。第三期折返变形发育具NWW向SEE正滑剪切指向的韧性剪切带,并伴随大量“Z”型褶皱构造的发育。第四期折返变形以NWW向SEE正滑的张性或张扭性脆性断裂活动为主。探讨了苏鲁超高压变质地体折返变形的力学机制及CCSD主孔岩石面理变化的形成机制。     

Genesis of lithium pegmatites from the leinster granite margin,southeast ireland: Geochemical constraints

Extensive and economically-important lithium pegmatites have been described from the eastern flank of the large S-type peraluminous Leinster Granite batholith in southeast Ireland. This flank area is also the locus of a major dip-slip ductile shear zone which was active during emplacement of the Tullow Lowlands pluton of the batholith. All the known bedrock occurrences of lithium pegmatite are contained within this marginal deformation zone. Most previous studies have suggested derivation of the lithium pegmatites by fractionation from the Leinster Granite itself, though none are conclusive. More recently, an anatectic model has been proposed whereby the pegmatites were derived by melting of Li-rich sediments adjacent to the batholithic contact. Our investigation has been concerned with a detailed study of the Rb-Sr isotope systematics and trace element geochemistry of the pegmatites and their host granitoids in an attempt to resolve the problem of pegmatite genesis. The results suggest a strong geochemical and temporal coherence between the Leinster Granite and the lithium pegmatites. A model is proposed in which Li enrichment in residual magmas may be linked to the development of muscovite instead of biotite in the Leinster Granite itself. The Li excluded from entry to biotite then accumulates in highly mobile, low-viscosity pegmatitic fluids which migrate into the marginal shear zone of the Tullow Lowlands pluton where they crystallize at considerably lower temperatures.     

大兴安岭北段嘎拉山伸展滑脱构造

嘎拉山大型伸展滑脱构造发育在大兴安岭北段东坡,带内发育倾向SE的剪切面理,普遍发育层间揉皱、眼球状构造、低角度正断层、鞘褶皱和窗棂构造以及云母鱼、旋转残斑、石英条带等各种韧性变形显微组构,变形温度为300～400 ℃。各种宏观和微观不对称褶皱和线理等指向标志显示嘎拉山伸展构造为一指向SE的伸展滑脱构造。通过对剪切变形带中的花岗质片麻岩和大理岩的白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素测年获得144～147 Ma的坪年龄,该年龄代表了伸展剪切变形的形成时间。结合区域上变质核杂岩的研究,认为嘎拉山伸展构造的形成机制很可能与鄂霍茨克造山运动使地壳加厚崩塌,导致大兴安岭地区发生区域性伸展有关。     

云蒙山变质核杂岩抬升过程中伸展拆离和岩浆底辟联合作用的证据

北京地区云蒙山变质核杂岩在白垩纪阶段抬升的早期,伴随着沿四合堂剪切带由北向南的拆离滑脱和大型花岗闪长岩的垂向侵位,晚期变形发生在花岗闪长岩岩基周边及其邻近围岩中,形成云蒙山剪切带,并伴随大量同构造的花岗岩和伟晶岩岩脉灌入。剪切带中所有的岩脉都随时间发生了不同程度的变形,较老的岩脉形成紧闭的圆柱状褶皱,枢纽与剪切带的线理和面理接近平行。岩脉与剪切带中L-S组构的平行化作用主要是由于这种转动的结果。岩脉的成分和长英指数随它们的变形程度发生变化,说明持续的岩浆分异作用与韧性剪切变形是同时发生的。云蒙山剪切带由岩浆底辟引起的上盘岩石重力所驱动,并不断得到同构造侵位岩脉的补充,起到存储和不断改造侵位岩脉的作用。早期伸展体制下形成的四合堂剪切带局部遭受云蒙山剪切带的改造或复合。该地区的岩石、构造和同构造岩脉的变形几何学和运动学证据表明,太古宙结晶基底的抬升是下部岩浆底辟与上部地壳伸展拆离共同作用的结果。     

云南德钦鲁春-红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地“双峰式”火山岩的Rb-Sr年龄值

云南德钦鲁春－红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地是金沙江构造带内中生代的重要赋矿盆地,位于金沙江结合带与昌都稳定陆块之间的活动边缘火山岩带中。由于该区火山岩的形成时代一直没有确切的年龄值,从而造 成对火山岩的性质和构造背景认识上的差异。笔者采用Rb-Sr同位素年代学方法对云南德钦鲁春－红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地中玄武岩和流岩的年龄进行了测定,获得了“双峰式”火山岩的平均年龄值为224Ma,其形成于晚三叠世早期。玄武岩的^87Sr/^86Sr初始值为0．7065－0．7194,流纹岩的^87Sr/^86Sr初始值为0．7074－0．7199,二者十分相似,表明盆地中的玄武岩与流纹岩为同一岩浆源,从早期的基性岩浆演化为晚期的酸性岩浆。玄武岩和流纹岩组合的“双峰式”火山岩形成于金沙江弧－ 陆碰撞后的地壳伸展构造环境。