温度和盐度对几种大型海藻生长率和NH4-N吸收的影响

温度和盐度对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.liui)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)生长率及细基江蓠繁枝变型NH₄-N吸收的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明,温度和盐度对上述3种海藻生长率及NH₄-N吸收均有显著影响.3种海藻的生长适宜温度和盐度范围分别为细基江蓠繁枝变型20～30℃,15～30,孔石莼15～25℃,15～40,蜈蚣藻20～25℃,25～35;最大日特定生长率(SGR)分别为8.66%,12.28%,2.24%;N饥饿细基江蓠繁枝变型对NH₄-N的吸收存在短期的快吸收.细基江蓠繁枝变型NH₄-N吸收的最适温度和盐度范围分别为15～25℃,10～25.生长率及NH₄-N吸收速率与温度和盐度之间分别存在以下关系:SGR_G.t.=0.873(S-5.487)(T-9.007)e(-0.0708S-0.0745T);SGR_U.p.=0.222(S-2.665)e-0.047S(T-9.98)e-0.00057(T-9.98)2.7;SGR_G.f.=2.6×10-4(S-10.856)(T-11.704)e0.156T-3.36×10-6STe0.219T;V_upt=11.812(S-4.081)(T-9.221)e-0.1S-0.148T.     

Ultrastructure study of the diatom——Ⅱ. Synedra, Cyclophora, Plagiogramma, Opephora, Fragilaria and Pseudostaurosira

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Morphological observation and rbcL gene sequences studies of two new species, Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao, sp. nov. and G. yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan, sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from China

A few species in the genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta) have been investigated in detail with respect to morphological observations and molecular analyses.In this study,the authors document the vegetative and reproductive structures of two new species of Grateloupia,G.dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao,sp.nov.and G.yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan,sp.nov.They both have the morphological character that carpogonial ampullae and auxiliary cell ampullae are the simple Grateloupia-type.The two species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their distinctive morphological features respectively.Based on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene sequences,the phylogenetic tree obtained in the study indicated that they are both embedded within the Grateloupia clade.G.dalianensis clusters a subclade with G.asiatica,and G.yinggehaiensis forms a single monophyletic subclade with G.hawaiiana.     

中国海汇螺科Potamididae的分类学研究II．拟蟹守螺属、锥蟹守螺属、望远蟹守螺属及笋光螺属

继中国沿海汇螺科Potamididae分类学研究I后,又完成了汇螺科的分类学研究II。本文主要论述了汇螺科中拟蟹守螺属Cerithidea、锥蟹守螺属Cerithideopsis、望远蟹守螺属Telescopium及笋光螺属Terebralia共4属9种,其中1个中国新纪录种为邱氏拟蟹守螺Cerithideaquoyii(Hombron&Jacquinot,1848)。文中对其形态特征、生活习性和地理分布等进行了研究论述,并对以往鉴定有误和使用混乱的种名进行了修订。目前为止,共整理分类出中国沿海汇螺科5属18种。为了解中国汇螺资源情况、生物多样性和生态学研究提供基础资料。     

Lipid biomarkers of deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaetes—Alvinella pompejana, A. caudata, Paralvinella grasslei and Hesiolyra bergii

The lipid composition was determined for 5 species of polychaete annelids collected by the Deep Submergence Vehicle ALVIN from high temperature chimneys at the 2500 m depth hydrothermal vent field of the East Pacific Rise. These are the first lipid biomarker analyses reported for these hydrothermal vent polychaetes. Lipid content was low in all samples (1.6–35.9 mg g^–1 wet mass) and was dominated by polar lipid (78–90% of total lipid) with 8–19% sterol (ST), and very low storage lipid (triacylglycerol and wax ester). Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were moderately high (22–31% of total fatty acids (FA)) with extremely low or no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6(n-3)). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)) levels were 5–6% in Alvinella pompejana and A. caudata and 10.3–13.7% in an errantiate polychaete (likely Hesionidae) and Hesiolyra bergii. There were greater PUFA and a greater EPA/AA (AA is arachidonic acid, 20:4(n-6)) ratio in the anterior versus the posterior half of A. pompejana, which may correlate to the strong temperature gradient reported in its tube. Total nonmethylene interrupted diunsaturated fatty acids (NMID) were 4–9% of total FA for most polychaete species and included several 20:2 and 22:2 components. The principal monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) included 18:1(n-7)c (14–19%), 16:1(n-7)c (2.6–10%) and 20:1(n-11)c (3–7% of total FA). These polychaete species may desaturate and elongate the bacterial-derived 18:1(n-7)c to obtain the essential FA EPA and AA. The major ST in the polychaetes is cholesterol (89–98% of total ST) with less cholesterol in the gut contents of A. pompejana. Other ST included 24-ethylcholesterol (1.5–5% of total ST) with lesser amounts of 24-methylenecholesterol, desmosterol, lathosterol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, and the stanols dehydrocholestanol and cholestanol. The high ST levels could play a role in thermal adaptation of membranes at the hydrothermal vent environment. Differences in the FA profiles separated the closely related species A. pompejana and A. caudata from Paralvinella grasslei, H. bergii, and the errantiate polychaete (likely Hesionidae).     

中国东方鲀属鱼类一新种——晕环东方鲀

在1979年7月—1981年11月间,在长江口采集到24尾体长为32—214mm的东方鲀属鱼类标本,经形态特征和解剖比较研究后,认为是一新种,定名为晕环东方纯Takifugu coronoidus Ni et Li nov. sp.。正副模式标本存放于中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所和中科院海洋研究所。     

蜈蚣藻、蜈蚣藻节夹变型和拟厚膜藻卡拉胶的研究

于１９８８－１９９０年对采自青岛的蜈蚣藻，河北的蜈蚣藻节夹变型和浙江的拟原膜所含多糖的产率，物理性质，化学组化和结构进行分析研究。实验结果表明，拟厚膜藻多糖无凝固性；蜈蚣藻多糖凝固性很低；蜈蚣藻节夹变型多糖有些凝固性，是三者中凝固性最好的。     

The blooms of a cyanobacterium, Microcystis cf. aeruginosa in a severely polluted estuary, the Golden Horn, Turkey

The distribution of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis cf. aeruginosa in the severely polluted Golden Horn Estuary was studied from 1998 to 2000. Microcystis persisted at the upper estuary where the water circulation was poor and values ranged between 2.9 × 10⁴ and 2.7 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹ throughout the study. Simultaneously measured physical (salinity, temperature, rainfall and secchi disc) and chemical parameters (nutrients and dissolved oxygen) were evaluated together with Microcystis data. Although the Microcystis blooms generally occur in summer due to the increase in temperature, the blooms were recorded in winter in the present study. The abundance of Microcystis depended on the variations in salinity and both blooms were recorded below S = 2. A moderate partial correlation between Microcystis abundance and salinity was detected in the presence of temperature, dissolved oxygen and precipitation data (r = −0.561, p = 0.002). The M. cf. aeruginosa abundance was low in the summer when the salinity was higher than winter. A remarkable increase in the eukaryotic phytoplankton abundance following the improvements in the water quality of the estuary occurred, whilst the Microcystis abundance remained below bloom level.     

海洋纤毛虫一新属,伪小双虫属及新组合──拉氏伪小双虫

于１９９１年４月在青岛－贝类养殖池中采集到一大型腹毛目纤毛虫。研究表明，该纤毛虫代表一新属（伪小双虫属）并由此建立起一新组合－拉氏伪小双虫。该属特征为：左右各有一列纵行的腹棘毛，其右侧一列前端与口围带相接；有额、口棘毛分化；横棘毛高度发达并上行至虫体胞口后方。