长白山天池火山区浅部构造特征研究

2002年在长白山天池火山区完成了10条测线的浅层地震探测和6条测线的超浅层地震探测. 结果表明,在整个勘探区内存在3个稳定的浅层地层界面,个别区段的浅层地层界面多达7个,而在500 m深度以下没有出现明显的反射震相. 天池西南部的地层层位个数明显多于天池西北部,这表明天池西南部的断层对火山喷发熔岩流向较天池西北部的断层有更强的控制作用. 探测中发现6条浅部断层,这些断层大都近于直立,成地堑式,多分布在天池火山口的西南侧,这说明天池西南部的火山活动比天池西北部更为强烈, 从而推测天池火山的主控断裂即北东向的六道沟——天池——甑峰山断裂比北西向的白山镇——天池——金策断裂的活动性更强.      

南北地震带南段地震构造运动特征

本文使用地震资料研究了青藏高原与华南块体边界南北地震带南段的地震类型及其构造运动的区域特征.发现金沙江上游东侧与鲜水河南侧之间的正断层型地震活动区,存在南北向扩张的地震构造运动;金沙江下游东侧正断层型地震活动区存在东西向扩张的地震构造运动.在龙门山断裂及其西北相邻地震带是一个逆断层型地震活动区.其他地区多为走滑型地震.南北地震带南段东西两区域地震应力场主压应力P轴方向呈现区域性差异.南北地震带南段西部区域的应力场主压应力P轴的方向大部都沿北东-南西方向分布,这与青藏高原地区的主压应力P轴的方向分布一致.南北地震带南段东部区域的主压应力P轴的方向大部都沿北西-南东方向分布,与华南地区的应力场大致相同.南北地震带南段东、西两区主压应力P轴方向所呈现出的不连续性分布特征,表明了南北地震带南段东部区域的地震孕力场可能是另有一个北西-南东方向分布的孕震力源的应力场.它可能与台湾纵谷断层地区菲律宾海板块北西向挤压的构造应力场有关.     

北京拗陷构造活动性分析

本文据地质历史和构造变形对北京拗陷中、新生代构造演化及新构造运动和断裂活动性作了分析。地质历史分析表明北京拗陷在横向上介于京西隆起和大兴隆起之间的一个中新生代拗陷。在纵向上由几个相间排列的凹陷和凸起组成。中生代沉降中心表现出由北向南迁移,新生代以来则表现出自南向北迁移。从地貌水系所反映的构造运动来看,北京拗陷的中段和南段表现出间歇性均匀抬升性质,北段垂直差异运动明显。断裂活动时间在南段和中段主要为上新世和早更新世;北段活动时间可延续到晚更新世,甚至全新世。北段第四纪时新发育的断陷盆地可能与北西向断层的左旋走滑活动有关。     

龙门山断裂带现今构造应力场特征及分段性研究

龙门山断裂带位于青藏高原与华南地块之间.由后山断裂、中央断裂、前山断裂和山前隐伏断裂四条主断裂组成.其活动性具有明显的分段性.本文在前人研究成果的基础上,从构造应力的角度对龙门山断裂带的分段性进行分析研究,以茂县—汶川区段和大邑—映秀区段为界将龙门山断裂带划分为三段:北段、中段和南段,且中段是南、北两段的过渡部位.从应力的量值看,龙门山断裂带整体应力状态表现为σH＞σh＞σv,表明水平应力作用占主导.50～100m深度范围内,北段的应力值明显高于南段.100～200m深度范围内,南段的应力值反而高过北段.且龙门山断裂带南段的应力作用强度高于北段,随深度的增加越发明显.从应力方向看,龙门山断裂带南段最大主压应力方向为NW-NWW向,而北段为NE-NEE向.北、中两段的分界区段应力方向体现了由南段NWW向到北段NEE向转换的特征.应力方向由南到北发生NW向到NE向转变的特征与该区震源机制解反映的主压应力方向较为一致.龙门山断裂带北段受岷山隆起及虎牙断裂影响明显,深部构造或与中南段分离,脱离松潘—甘孜褶皱带的控制,大地震释放的应力比较充分,而南段应力并未充分释放,且震后应力已有一定程度的恢复和重积累,积累能量的程度随深度增加而增强.     

青藏高原东北缘主要断裂闭锁特征和滑动亏损研究

利用1999—2015年GPS水平速度场, 基于块体-位错模型, 反演了青藏高原东北缘4条主要断裂(海原断裂, 六盘山断裂, 陇县—宝鸡断裂, 西秦岭北缘断裂)的闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率的空间分布, 并分析了各断裂的地震危险性。 结果显示, 六盘山断裂南段、 陇县-宝鸡断裂北段、 西秦岭北缘断裂东段闭锁程度最强, 闭锁深度达到24 km左右; 西秦岭北缘断裂东段滑动亏损速率最大, 平均值达到3 mm/a; 六盘山断裂南段、 陇县—宝鸡断裂北段滑动亏损速率平均值达到1.9 mm/a, 稍弱于西秦岭北缘断裂东段; 海原断裂闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率相对较小, 闭锁程度和滑动亏损都仅分布在浅部。 我们认为现阶段海原断裂的地震危险性相对较小, 六盘山断裂南段、 陇县—宝鸡北段、 西秦岭北缘断裂东段地震危险性高于这些断裂的其他段落。 这些结果对于青藏高原东北缘地震危险性判定和地震灾害评估具有参考意义。     

基于GNSS的青藏高原东北缘地壳运动场及强震趋势研究

利用“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”GNSS数据研究1998—2018年青藏高原东北缘排除同震影响等干扰后的速度场、主应变率场、最大剪切应变率场、面应变场等的变化,活动断裂滑动速率变化、跨活动断裂基线变化等。将研究区域内的二级块体再分区,获得各次级块体内部的应变率变化;获取研究区域地壳运动场的趋势性、动态特征。研究结果显示,阿尔金断裂带中东段、祁连块体和柴达木块体交界、巴颜喀拉块体与羌塘块体交界、祁连块体南边界中段、海原—六盘山断裂带和西秦岭北缘断裂带西段的逆冲运动,祁连块体北边界西段、庄浪河断裂的左旋走滑运动,祁连块体北边界东段、西秦岭北缘断裂带东段的左旋逆走滑运动,都属于造成一定程度地壳变形的持续性局部应变增强活动。阿尔金断裂带东段、东昆仑断裂带中西段、祁连块体北边界、庄浪河断裂北段、海原断裂南段、六盘山断裂北段、西秦岭北缘断裂带东段可能存在闭锁,未来十年可能发生M_S6.0以上地震。     

中国大陆地壳的应变应力场研究

根据全国ＧＰＳ网１９９４年和１９９６年两期测量结果,研究了中国大陆地壳现阶段的水平形变应力场。结果显示,西部青藏块体与新疆块体主压应力场为近南北至北 北东向,而南北地震带以东、长江以及北地区为北东东至近东西向,华南块体上为北 北西至北西向,与滑线场理论模型基本吻合。反映出中国大陆地壳变形的压应力主要来自印度板块与欧亚板块的俯冲碰撞。而太平洋板块与菲律宾板块对欧亚板块的作用力以及地幔向上的作用力总体     

营口潍坊断裂带新生代活动的特征

营潍断裂带以北西向北京 蓬莱断裂带与之交汇的部位为界分南北两段,北段由辫状交织的两条断裂组成;南段为并列的东西两支断裂,但被黄北、莱北和潍北等北东东向断裂横切成4节。断裂带北段早第三纪水平拉张和垂直差异活动强烈,控制了断陷盆地的发育,晚第三纪—第四纪右旋走滑活动显著。南段本身活动甚弱,但黄北等横向断裂早第三纪水平拉张和垂直差异活动强烈,相应形成了黄北等几个断陷盆地;晚第三纪—第四纪横向断裂仍有活动。断裂带活动具明显的分段性,南段是受横向断裂强烈分割、改造而被“废弃”的一段。断裂带新生代活动具由南部和北部统一向中部迁移的特点,北段还有向东侧迁移的趋势。断裂带地震活动微弱,渤海中部斜穿断裂带分布的北东向地震带,可能是黄河口聊城新生地震构造带向海区延伸的部分     

冲绳海槽南部基底构造特征

利用最新的重磁数据对冲绳海槽南部的基底构造进行了推断解释,研究表明,在冲绳海槽南部,莫霍面构造为一南北两端高,中间低的鞍状构造,地壳厚度在15.5~21 km之间变化.基底深度一般在4~6 km之间变化,表现为南段深度大,北段深度小,在北西向断裂系的作用下,基底局部构造大都成北西向展布,说明冲绳海槽早期的北东向带状构造受到了后期的北西向构造活动的强烈改造作用.在冲绳海槽南部发育有两条沿北北东向展布的火成岩带,一条分布在冲绳海槽扩张轴以东及琉球岛弧西侧下坡;另一条分布在冲绳海槽与琉球岛弧隆褶带的结合部位,火成岩主要是由北东向构造活动产生的,而与北西向断裂关系不密切.     

河北地区地震前兆观测台网监测能力的评定

地震前兆观测台网监测能力评定的必要性 河北地区地质构造复杂,东西向燕山褶断带的张家口-北票断裂及丰隆断裂横贯全区北部;北东向的太行山山前断裂、沧东断裂切割了全区;山西构造带北段的黑山寺-狼山断裂、下花园断裂切割了张家口地区;规模略小或隐伏的北西向断裂多与北东向构造交汇。另外,一些局部的断裂更是错综复杂。很多资料表明,这些断裂带近期都相当活动,因而     

The Activity of Major Faults and the Hydrothermal Alteration Zone at Tianchi Volcano of Changbaishan

It is found by field investigation that the near horizontal top surface of the brown or brick-red hydrothermai alteration zone varies obviously in elevation at different sections of the same layer on the caldera‘s inner wall of Tianchi, with that at the north section near the Tianwen Peak about 110 m higher than that at the south near the Jiangjun Peak in Korea. The top surface of the hydrothermai alteration zone can be taken as key horizon to tectonic movement. The difference indicates that the total uplift height of the NW wall of the Liudaogou-Tianchi-Jingfengshan fault, the principal fault trending NE at Tianchi, is bigger than that of the SE wall ever since the occurrence of hydrothermal alteration. This also explains why the topography in the northwest side of Tianchi is steeper and with more developed river system than in the southeast. The uplifting of the northeastern wall is bigger than that of the southwest along the principal NW-trend fault, namely, the Baishanzhen-Tianchi-Jince fault. It is observed from characters of hydrothermal alteration and the palaeoresiduum, that the recent vertical movement rate along the principal NE-trend fault is larger than that of the principal NW-trend fault. The two faults intersect at Tianchi, dividing the volcano into 4 blocks, with the uplift magnitudes decreasing successively in the order of the north, the west, the east and the south block. The biggest uplift of the north block corresponds well to the shallow magma batch in the north of Tianchi observed by DSS and telluric electromagnetic sounding, and etc. and they may be related with the causes.     

2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震发震构造特征及动力源分析

通过对2014年8月3日云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生的MS6.5地震的震源机制解、余震空间分布、活动断裂组合样式和区域构造背景等特征的综合分析表明:(1)根据主震及4级以上强余震的震源机制解、余震空间分布、烈度长轴方向,判断本次地震的发震断裂为NW向的包谷垴—小河断裂;(2)根据地表GPS水平运动速率及水平缩短速率的差异性、断裂组合样式和历史余震深度,判断发震断裂具有薄皮-同向差异逆冲型捩断层的特征;(3)包谷垴—小河断裂活动可能主要受深部的"管道流"控制,"管道流"自NW向SE方向运动,在昭通断裂带处受到华南板块的差异阻挡,造成包谷垴—小河断裂西侧管道流运动速率大于东侧管道,从而驱动包谷垴—小河捩断层的左旋滑动,导致了鲁甸地震的发生。     

安徽历史地震等震线长轴方位分布及地震地质意义

统计了安徽地区历史地震等震线长轴方位分布，主要有北东、北北东、北西和近东西向4组，它们与震中区及其附近的新生代活动断裂的走向有较好的一致性，大致反映了安徽各地的发震构造及破裂方位。其中北东、北西向断裂活动时间最新，多与地震活动相关，而北东向活动断裂是研究地区主要的地震构造。从构造地貌、断裂活动、遥感解译活动线性构造和中强地震活动的相互印证关系来看，大别山北麓、皖东北地区是安徽现代构造和中强地震活动较为强烈的地区，其中，皖东北地区未来发生中强地震的危险性较大。     

Preliminary Study on Cenozoic Group and Fault Activity in the Sea Area Near the Yangtze River Mouth

By shallow seismic prospecting, the Cenozoic Group in the sea area near the Yangtze Rver Mouth can be divided into five seismic sequences. They correspond to the Quaternary,Pliocene, Upper Miocene, Lower Miocene and Eocene respectively. The Quaternary System covers all the detecting area. The Tertiary System overlaps and thins out from NE to SW. The sedimentary basement mainly consists of volcanic rock (J3) and acidic rock (r35). Paleogene or Late Cretaceous basins are not found there. The faults that have been detected are all normal faults. They can be divided into three groups (NE, NW, near EW) by their trend. The NE and NW-trending faults are predominant, and agree with aeromagnetic anomaly. Their length and displacement are larger than that of the EW-trending faults. The activity of the NEtrending faults is different in different segments. The SW segment is a Quaternary fault, the middle segment is a Neogene fault, The NE is Paleogene. But the segment of the NW-trending fault is not obvious. The average vertical displacement rate is about 0.015mm/a.     

贡嘎山快速隆升的磷灰石裂变径迹证据及其隆升机制讨论

鲜水河断裂是青藏高原东南缘的一条北西向大型左旋走滑断裂,其南东段逐渐向南偏转,并与近南北向的安宁河断裂相接,在两个断裂相接处西侧耸立着海拔7556 m高的贡嘎山.磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)测试可知,贡嘎山及其邻区12个样品的年龄分布在0.2±0.1 Ma~2.7±0.7 Ma之间,平均径迹长度在13.64~15.19 μm之间,表明贡嘎山及其邻区第四纪时期一直处于快速剥蚀状态.结合前人在此地区的低温热年代研究成果,揭示出两个现象:(1)贡嘎山岩体及鲜水河断裂与龙门山断裂所夹的三角区域为快速隆升区域,而其西侧、北侧的高原腹地的隆升速率远低于这两个区域;(2)贡嘎山岩体从北向南隆升速率逐渐变大,其最南端1 Ma以来的隆升速率超过3.3±0.8 mm/a.这些现象表明青藏高原在整体横向挤出、缓慢隆升的基础上,还存在着一些特殊的局部快速隆升区域.通过对川滇地块水平运动的矢量分解,我们认为贡嘎山花岗岩体是鲜水河断裂至安宁河断裂间挤压弯曲段吸收、转换川滇地块南东向水平运动导致局部快速隆升的产物,在这一过程中,由于垂直于断裂的挤压分量从北到南逐渐增大,导致了岩体从北往南的隆升速率逐渐增大.     

海城、盖州地区地震震源机制及一致性参数特征研究

本文选取辽宁海城、 盖州地区(40°~41°N, 122°~123°E)作为研究区, 利用广义极性振幅技术(GPAT)方法, 反演得到研究区2012—2017年6月共184个地震震源机制解, 并利用Misfit角度分析震源机制一致性参数特征。 研究结果表明: ① 研究区地震震源机制解以走滑型和正断型为主。 海城地区地震震源机制解以NW—SE向节面的左旋走滑型和NWW向节面的正断型为主。 发震构造以NW向海城河断裂为主, NE向节面为主的地震可能受到NE向金州断裂带的控制。 ② 青石岭地区的发震构造为与九寨—盖县北段共轭的NW向未知断裂, 西海域的地震活动可能是NE向的雁式断裂和NW向共轭的未知断裂共同作用的结果。 ③ 震源机制一致性结果显示, 一致性增强后发生了震级相对较大的地震。 研究区的震源机制一致性较强, 表明该区域的应力较为集中。 但由于2016年以来活动趋于平静, 尚难以根据震源机制解一致性程度做出当前应力状态的判断。     

唐山地震序列空间分布复杂性原因研究

By analyzing higher-accuracy location data of the Tangshan earthquake sequence,a clear distribution pattern of three aftershock belts in the NE,NWW,and NW directions of has been obtained.The analysis reveals three rupture planes of strong events of MS7.8,MS7.1 and MS6.9 in the sequence.It indicates that the complex pattern is closely related to the earthquake source,and the NE-,NWW-and NW-trending regional fault zones,which have been revealed by the research of the pre-seismicity anomaly.In summary,the source is located in the junction of the three fault zones,and the rupture planes of the three strong events located in the source can be regarded as the locked segments on the three fault zones.On these grounds,the paper explains the complexity of the source and epicentral distribution of aftershocks.     

TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BAOTOU UPLIFT IN HETAO DEPRESSION ZONE

The Hetao depression zone, located to the north of Ordos block, is a complex depression basin that consists of two sub-uplifts and three sub-depressions. The depression zone is subject to the regional extensional stress field driven by the Indo-Asian continental collision and the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. The Baotou uplift that separates the Baiyanhua sub-depression and Huhe sub-depression is mainly composed of Archean gneiss and is overlaid by Quaternary sedimentary strata. The two sub-depressions are bordered by the Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains to the north, respectively. The bedrock exhumed in Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains consists mostly of Precambrian granitic gneiss, and the piedmont depressions are infilled by thick Cenozoic strata. The Wulashan piedmont fault and Daqingshan piedmont fault extend along the range front of Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains, respectively. The subsidence is controlled by the two boundary faults. Previous studies have preliminarily documented the characteristics of the northwest boundary fault of Baotou uplift. Combining shallow seismic exploration, active fault mapping, and geological drilling, this paper presents a detailed study on the tectonic characteristics of the Baotou uplift. The shallow seismic exploration reveals that the Baotou uplift is an asymmetrical wedge with a steep southeast wing and a gentle dipping northwest wing. The Baotou uplift is wider in the northeastern part and narrows down towards the southwest. In seismic profiles, the Baiyanhua sub-depression and the Huhe sub-depression manifest as asymmetric dustpan-like depressions with south-dipping controlling faults. Baotou uplift is bounded by the Xishawan-Xingsheng Fault to the northwest and Daqingshan piedmont fault to the southeast. The two faults exhibit significant difference in many aspects, such as fault geometry, fault displacement, the latest active time, and so on. The southeast boundary fault of Baotou uplift is the Baotou section of the Daqingshan piedmont fault which is a Holocene active fault and the major boundary fault of Huhe sub-depression. East of Wanshuiquan, the fault strikes EW-NEE; west of Wanshuiquan, the strike changes to NW. The Daqingshan piedmont fault appears as a south-dipping listric fault in seismic profiles whose dip decreases with depth and cuts through all the sedimentary strata in Huhe sub-depression; the fault extends along the late Pleistocene lacustrine platform at surface with prominent geomorphological evidences. The Xishawan-Xingsheng Fault is a buried high-angle normal fault that mainly dips to the northwest and strikes NE. The fault strike changes to NNE at the eastern tip. Based on the results of seismic exploration and geological drilling, the Xishawan-Xingsheng buried fault is an early to middle Pleistocene Fault capped by late Pleistocene lacustrine strata. We reckon that the Xishawan-Xingsheng Fault is one of the synthetic faults that dip towards the main boundary fault of Baiyanhua sub-depression. Similarities in lithology, geometry, and structural characteristics of south boundary faults all indicate that Baotou uplift is the western extension of Daqing Mountains. Multiple factors may contribute to the formation of Baotou uplift, such as tectonic subsidence and the development of large-scale river system and mega-lake. We suggest that the upwelling of asthenosphere may play a primary role in the evolution of Wulanshan piedmont fault and Daqingshan piedmont fault. Separated by the Baotou uplift, the Wulashan piedmont fault and Daqingshan piedmont fault can be regarded as independent seismogenic faults. The Hetao depression zone is featured by complex inner structures, and many scientific issues are subject to further researches. Thus, more attention should be paid to the secondary structures within the depression zone for a better understanding on the formation and evolution of Hetao depression zone.     

墨脱断裂地貌特征及其构造意义

墨脱断裂展布于南迦巴瓦构造结的东侧,晚第四纪以来活动强烈,断裂水平运动表现为左旋走滑。为了进一步研究墨脱断裂倾向滑动特征及断裂活动性差异,文章基于DEM数据提取了4对横跨断裂矩形区域内的高程数据,计算获得沿断裂发育的31个流域盆地的面积高程积分值。研究表明,墨脱断裂两侧在同一高度出现对称的4组台地面,且从低到相邻的两级台面的高度差没有出现逐步增大的趋势,表明断裂没有表现出明显的倾向滑动;沿断裂分布的汇水盆地具有较大的面积高程积分值（0.42~0.60之间）,反映出墨脱断裂所在区域目前总体表现为强烈的构造隆升;根据汇水盆地面积高程积分值的空间分布特征,区域地壳隆升强度沿墨脱断裂由南至北具有逐渐减弱的趋势,结合断裂地貌形态,认为在强隆升区面积高程积分值对断裂活动性具有一定的指示意义。     

汶川地震断裂带科学深钻WFSD-3附近上地壳S波分裂特征

为配合汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程（WFSD）,中国地震局地球物理研究所在四川省绵竹市天池乡和灌县—安县断裂附近分别架设了15套微震仪器和17个短周期地震台.基于WFSD-3附近的微震、短周期和区域台网的固定台站记录的近震数据,通过横波窗内S波分裂计算,得到其上地壳各向异性参数,即快波偏振方向和慢波的时间延迟,并分析了研究区的上地壳各向异性特征.结果显示,研究区大部分区域的快波偏振方向为NE向,与龙门山断裂带走向一致,但在研究区微震台阵布设小区域内,快波偏振方向表现出东西分区特征,东部为NE向,西部为NW向.上地壳各向异性主要是受到岩层中随应力分布排列的微裂隙和岩石或矿物结构的影响,研究区内快波偏振方向主要表现为NE方向,与断裂走向一致,反映了研究区上地壳各向异性主要受控于结构控制的各向异性,局部区域的快波偏振方向为NW向,与区域最大主压应力方向一致,说明区域应力场对研究区上地壳各向异性也有影响.通过分析微震台阵的归一化时间延迟随时间的变化情况可以反映区域应力场的变化情况.微震台阵的慢S波时间延迟在2012、2013年较为离散,在2014年有收敛的趋势,反映了强震后区域应力场逐渐稳定的趋势.