首届岩溶地区可持续发展国际学术会议暨IGCP448—世界岩溶生态系统对比国际工作组会议在北京召开

经国家科技部批准,在中国科协和国土资源部的领导下,“首届岩溶地区可持续发展国际学术会议”暨“IGCP448—世界岩溶生态系统对比国际工作组会议”于2001年8月30日—9月2日在北京万商花园酒店召开。会议由中国地质学会主办;国际教科文组织、国际地质对比计划委员会等国际组织,国土资源部、中国地质调查局、中国地质科学院、中国地     

岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查工程进展

近年来,由中国地质调查局组织实施的“岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查”工程,按阶段任务目标,基本查明了我国南方岩溶区岩溶地下水资源赋存分布规律和开发利用潜力,发现了石漠化、地下水污染、内涝灾害等环境地质问题,揭示了岩溶作用对油气资源、矿产资源、岩溶旅游资源、碳循环和环境地质问题的控制机制,启动了“全球岩溶动力系统资源环境效应”国际大科学计划,在岩溶动力学理论、岩溶石笋高分辨率测年、岩溶人工增汇和岩溶地下水探测等方面实现了重大科技创新。建立的不同类型区岩溶地下水富水模式、成井模式、有效开发利用模式以及石漠化区综合治理模式,经实践表明具有推广应用价值,可为岩溶水资源可持续开发利用、石漠化综合治理、地下水污染防治和岩溶贫困区脱贫攻坚提供技术支撑。     

“中国地质碳汇潜力研究”2010年取得重要进展

中国地质调查局计划项目"中国地质碳汇潜力研究"2010年6月下达,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所作为实施单位,严格按照中国地质调查局的要求,组织中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所、中国地质科学院     

“碳循环与全球变化研讨会”在青岛召开

近日,由中国地质学会岩溶地质专业委员会和中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质部共同主办、中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所和中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所承办的＂碳循环与全球变化研讨会＂于,     

国际岩溶研究中心理事会第一届第三次会议召开

联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心第一届理事会第三次会议于2011年12月5日上午在中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所顺利召开。受国土资源部副部长、中国地质调查局局长、国际岩溶研究中心理事会主席汪民的委托,中国地质科学院书记、副院长,     

岩溶动力系统与全球变化研究进展

碳酸盐岩是岩溶发育的物质基础,它记录着地球历史时期的环境变化,是地球最大的碳库,对地球大气和生命演变起到重要作用;现代全球岩溶分布面积2200万km~2,占陆地面积的15%,岩溶动力系统是地球表层系统的重要组成部分,全球25%的人口依赖岩溶地下水资源的供给,岩溶生态系统的脆弱性制约着区域经济社会发展;本文主要针对近30年以来,岩溶学科发展进行综述,包括岩溶动力学概念、内涵与发展,驱动岩溶发育的地质-生态机制,岩溶动力系统与碳循环新进展,岩溶动力系统与水循环新进展,岩溶动力系统与钙循环新进展;岩溶动力系统与全球环境变化研究发展展望(岩溶关键带下的资源环境效应及国际大科学计划的启动)。     

服务“一带一路”共建倡议 中国地质调查局“一带一路”基础地质调查与信息服务计划进展顺利

<正>中国地质调查局紧紧围绕国家"一带一路"共建倡议和国际产能合作对全球基础地质矿产信息的重大急迫需求,实施"‘一带一路’基础地质调查与信息服务计划"。该计划建立并依托国际合作平台,与世界各国地质学家合作,在跨境成矿带基础地球科学研究、地质调查科技创新、基础地质调查国际合作以及国际合作人才培养等领域取得一系列进展。     

透视全球资源与环境,实施“化学地球”国际大科学计划

<正>2016年5月,在联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心成立仪式上,国土资源部成功启动了"化学地球"国际大科学计划,该计划是中国地质调查局通过地球化学国际中心实施的重大国际科学研究计划。大科学计划的提出得到了国际科学组织及众多国家地学调查机构的积极响应与支持,发布时得到美国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、南非、伊朗、土尔其等22个国家的68名科学家代表在倡议书上签字表示支持,目前参与该计划的有60余个国家300余位科学家,初步搭建了大科学计划国际合作网络。     

中国地质调查局西南岩溶石漠化野外科学观测研究站简介中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室 李文莉、蒋忠诚、张冉 供稿

西南岩溶石漠化野外科学观测研究站隶属于中国地质调查局岩溶地质研究所,2020年经科技部批准列入国家野外站择优建设名单(国科办函基〔2020〕470号),是岩溶区生态环境监测的核心台站(图1)。该站的主要功能是开展西南岩溶石漠化野外科学观测与研究,并提供社会化共享服务。喀斯特(Karst)即岩溶,分布广泛。全球岩溶总面积2200万km^2,仅“一带一路”沿线就有50多个国家涉及岩溶地质问题。中国是岩溶大国,岩溶面积344万km^2,岩溶景观奇特,岩溶资源环境在全球具有代表性,岩溶领域观测研究在全球具有领先地位。岩溶结构的特殊性使其成为全球最为脆弱的环境系统之一。     

全球气候变化与地热调查评价培训班在武汉举办

由中国地质调查局主办,中国地质大学（武汉）承办的全球气候变化和地热调查评价培训班日前在武汉举办。来自全国各省（自治区、直辖市）地质调查研究院、地质环境监测总站、中国地质调查局六大地调中心以及地科院水环所、环境监测院、岩溶所、力学所等单位的120多名学员参加了培训。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.