农业生态与土壤环境中的钼元素的关系

本文论述了钼元素的地球化学特征及其分布,与钼元素有关的主要作物分类,作物产量和质量与钼元素的关系以及影响钼元素有效态和作物吸收钼元素的因素,钼肥的种类和施用方法与效果。     

陕南石煤及煤灰中钼元素在固液间迁移规律

钼是典型的环境敏感元素，同时也是潜在的稀有金属元素，为了查明钼元素在原煤和煤灰中含量特征及其在固（体）液（体）间的迁移规律，选取陕南石煤及煤灰样为研究对象，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析样品中钼元素含量，通过浸泡实验模拟纯水、酸性、碱性和矿井水4种溶液中石煤及煤灰中钼元素浸出率。结果显示:石煤中钼元素含量为315.4~785.4 μg/g，煤灰中钼元素含量675.5~1 005.1 μg/g，燃烧后钼元素具有向石煤灰中富集（迁移）的趋势；不同类型溶液对石煤中钼元素均呈现不同程度的浸出率，总体特征为酸性溶液中钼元素的浸出率普遍偏低，低于其他3种类型溶液；而石煤灰中钼元素在不同溶液中浸出率不同于石煤样，总体特征为酸性溶液中钼元素的浸出率较高。结合浸出量进一步分析表明，酸性条件抑制了石煤中钼元素的迁出能力，而石煤灰样在酸性溶液中的钼浸出率与浸出量普遍高于其他类型溶液。分析认为，有氧燃烧使有机质释放钼元素、含钼矿热解、对钼的吸附能力等方面发生了变化，导致石煤灰中钼元素的迁移能力有所提升。研究认识具有环境保护和钼元素提取利用双重指导意义。      

河北张麻井矿床的矿物学研究及其对铀钼成因关系的启示

张麻井铀钼矿床是中国北方地区最大的火山岩型铀钼矿床.为探讨该矿床的铀钼成因关系,对浸染状钼(铀)矿石开展了矿物学和元素地球化学研究.除沥青铀矿外,铀石也是该矿床的一种重要铀矿物,常呈他形粒状,与胶硫钼矿、闪锌矿共生.元素面扫描结果显示,铀与钼元素的空间分布范围非常一致,表明铀和钼可能为同一期成矿作用的产物.此外,相较于...     

都匀市土壤微量元素全量及有效态研究

通过对都匀市区及其周围460km~2内79件土壤样品的测定分析,基本查明了各类土壤中硼、钼、锌、铜、锰元素的含量丰缺及分布情况。与我国土壤和世界土壤的平均值比较,各元素全量的平均含量在黄壤、水稻土和石灰土中属中等水平,在潮土中属偏低水平,在紫色土中除锰元素偏低外,其余元素也属中等含量水平。铜、锌、锰元素有效态在各类土壤中均高于临界值,钼元素部分低于临界值,硼元素均低于临界值。钼与锰、铜与锌的全量及有效态关系密切。各元素有效态与其全量均具有一定的正相关关系。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带东段主要钼多 金属矿床成矿规律研究

文章以钼成矿作用为主线,对冈底斯东段主要钼多金属矿床成因类型、空间分布特征进行了总结,对主要钼多金属矿床成矿时代进行了统计,识别出了5期钼成矿事件。基于前人研究成果,对主要斑岩—矽卡岩钼多金属矿床成矿岩浆岩基本地质特征、岩浆岩主量元素、稀土和微量元素、锶同位素地球化学特征进行了阐述并对比了独立钼矿、钼(铜)矿、铜(钼)矿和钼多金属矿成矿岩体特征之间的差异。通过对南冈底斯南缘至冈底斯弧背断隆带不同钼多金属矿床成矿岩体锆石Hf同位素、矿石硫化物Pb同位素的梳理阐明了成岩—成矿物质源区差异与矿化元素组合空间分带之间的耦合关系。基于冈底斯东段钼多金属矿床产出大地构造位置及其形成时代,文章最后对主要钼成矿事件的动力学背景进行了初步探讨。     

龋病与铅矿

龋病是一种分布很广的疾病,其发病与甜食和甜饮料及不讲究口腔卫生有关,但亦与饮食中的磷酸盐、钙及痕量物质有很大关系.当饮水中氟离子的含量约1毫克/升时,此种饮用水便有防龋病的效益.在巴布亚-新几内亚,据确定,食物中磷、钛、锰、钼和钒对防龋病是有益的,而铅、铜、锌、铬和硒则是有害的.在英国,据调查,居住在富含钼地区的儿童,龋病较少. 近几年来,英国的地质学家对英格兰和威尔士等地区进行了调查.他们在农田和菜园中取土样,取样深度为10～15厘米;对作物如土豆、小萝卜中的痕量元素进行测试,以了解食物中铅等元素的状况.在取得地方行政及医     

敞开酸溶-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量元素

钨矿石和钼矿石具有丰富的共生或伴生元素,检测共生或伴生元素的含量有利于矿产资源的综合利用.在国家标准方法中钨矿石和钼矿石的共生或伴生元素含量是按元素分别检测,效率很低.本文在敞开体系中用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸消解样品,以7％盐酸溶解盐类,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定钨矿石和钼矿石中铋、钴、铜、锂、镍、磷、铅、锶、钒、锌等10种微量元素.选定了各元素的分析谱线和光谱级次,采用离峰背景校正法消除背景干扰,干扰元素校正系数法消除元素间的谱线重叠干扰.方法检出限为1.43 ～ 18.8 μg/g,加标回收率为90％ ～ 110％.经钨矿石和钼矿石标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本吻合,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)小于8％.该方法克服了碱熔引入大量碱金属元素以及可能引入杂质的缺陷,又不用处理钨酸和钼酸沉淀,能快速测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量共生或伴生元素.     

辽宁农作物的生物地球化学分类

根据Ａ．П．维诺格拉多夫的动植物体化学组成分类方法,对辽宁省４５种农作物及其立地土壤中的５２种化学元素进行了定量分析测试后,采用双指标法将元素的含量与生物吸收系数各分成三个数值段,从而将辽宁主要农作物化学元素划分成最富集元素、富集元素、贫乏元素及最贫乏元素４种类型,并作出农作物化学元素分类表,然后再将由此将辽宁主要农作物分为元素最富集作物、元素富集作物、元素贫乏作物和元素最贫乏作物四类。根据农作物     

华北地台南北缘斑岩型铜金钼矿床成矿规律与专属性研究

钼在地壳中的丰度约为1×10~(-6),因而被称为稀有金属元素.钼在地球化学分类中,属于过渡族亲铁元素,在内生成矿作用中,钼主要与硫结合,生成辉钼矿.     

地球深部包体与成矿关系——一个有意义的研究方向

结合在实际工作中的体会,提出和讨论了“地球深部包体与成矿关系”这一有意义的研究方向及其先导性科学问题。地球深部包体中镍、金、钼、钨等成矿元素的含量是不均一的,镍和金在地幔岩包体中含量最高,钼在玄武岩及镁铁质麻粒岩包体中最高,而钨在长英质麻粒岩和花岗岩类包体中含量最高。这些反映岩石圈和软流圈以及岩石圈的不同层次中镍、金、钼、钨等成矿元素的含量不均一,分别提供了地壳中镍、金、钼、钨矿床的初始物质来源。这一认识可能给镍、金、钼、钨等金属矿床和矿床集中区的战略预测提供一些新思路。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861