甘肃省产业结构的时空分异及其动力机制研究

运用传统统计分析与ESDA、OLS、GWR等模型分析方法,基于2000-2013年甘肃省县域经济数据对其产业结构差异及变动进行了时空比较分析。结果表明:时间分异方面,甘肃省县域产业结构的绝对和相对差异均呈现缓慢下降趋势;空间分异全局方面,甘肃省县域产业结构水平呈现西高东低、北高南低的趋势,各县产业结构差异性及集聚性显著增强;空间分异局部方面,热点区域分布由2000年的酒泉、兰州向甘肃的西北及东北部扩展,到2013年形成酒嘉地区、兰州和庆阳三个核心的热点地区,基本呈现出自西北向东南的"热点-次热点-冷点-次冷点"带状分布格局。此外,通过OLS、GWR两种模型对比分析,发现后者更能深刻揭示产业结构与各空间因子之间的相互关系,并进一步采用GWR模型对甘肃省产业结构演变的影响因素予以分析。最后,通过相关结论的分析与思考,以期为甘肃省产业结构优化升级提供重要的决策依据。     

基于产业结构视角的云南省县域经济差异研究

基于云南省1992~2012年统计年鉴数据,采用偏离份额分析、基尼系数产业分解方法,分析产业结构演变对云南省县域经济差异的影响。结果表明：云南省县域经济差异受到产业结构偏离和竞争偏离影响较大,滇中县域在产业结构上优势显著,但相对竞争力较弱。滇西和滇南县域竞争优势明显,但不具结构优势;最近10 a来,滇东县域在产业结构、竞争力方面占优,与滇西和滇南县域的差异拉大;从基尼系数产业分解结果看,第二产业是导致云南省县域经济差异扩大的首要因素。此外,第三产业对县域经济差异贡献不断加大,对县域发展不平衡影响日益凸显;产业基尼系数变化分解结果揭示,产业集中效应扩大了县域经济差异,而结构效应则可以缩小县域经济差距,据此提出以产业结构调整来协调县域经济发展的政策建议。     

东北地区县域经济差异时空特征及影响因素

采用标准差、变异系数、基尼系数、ESDA等方法对2007—2015年东北地区县域经济差异的时空特征进行研究,并基于面板数据构建空间计量经济模型分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)县域经济的绝对差异逐年增大,相对差异略有缩小,区域内差异是总体差异的主要构成。(2)县域经济存在较强的空间相关性,且两极分化明显。高水平县域零散分布,主要集中在内蒙古呼伦贝尔、黑龙江东南部和辽中南地区,呈现"T"型空间分布格局,且格局相对稳定;低水平县域在黑龙江中部地区和内蒙古兴安盟地区连片分布,且集聚趋势不断增强。(3)产业结构、固定资产投资、居民储蓄存款、财政收入及财政支出对县域经济差异起到正向促进作用,而劳动力投入对县域经济差异具有负面效应。     

中国制造业地理集中与省区专业化

20世纪80年代以来,中国制造业空间格局在市场化和全球化力量的共同影响下发生了显著变化。利用1980-2003年中国各省区两位数制造业数据,发现中国制造业在空间上越来越集中,而各省的产业结构则越来越多元化。具体而言,大多数产业在20世纪80年代趋于分散而在90年代更趋集中,而大多数省份产业结构总体上趋于多元化的同时,在90年代后期显露专业化的迹象。统计结果表明,经济全球化、比较优势和规模经济等是导致产业空间集中的原因,经济地理模型中强调的外部经济并没有促进产业地理集中,激烈的产业内市场竞争推动了产业空间分散。     

武陵山片区县域产业增长的空间特征

以武陵山片区67县市三次产业的增长效应为研究对象,应用SSM分析与ESDA分析相结合的方法,在对片区内各县市2003-2009年间三次产业增长效应分解的基础上,进一步考察了各增长效应的空间分布特征.结果表明:1.片区内县域产业增长呈现出明显的空间自相关性,即增长效应相似的县市趋于集聚在一起,但自相关强度仍然较弱且各分量效应间差异明显,第一二产业竞争力较强的县市空间集聚程度更高,而第三产业资源配置较合理的县市相对趋于集中;2.片区内各县市按照比较优势进行分工合作的动机不强,资源配置不够合理,特别是在成长性产业二三产业中恶性竞争问题仍十分突出.基于上述结论,从优化资源空间配置、加强县域合作两个方面提出了加快片区县域产业发展的建议.     

长江经济带创新产出的空间特征和时空演化

本文以县(市、区)作为空间分析单元,以专利授权量作为创新产出指标,对1986-2014年长江经济带853个县域创新产出的时空特征进行ESDA分析。结果发现：①长江经济带创新产出的绝对差异在2001年前增长缓慢,其后增长迅猛,2012年后开始降低;相对差异呈现“增加—缩小—缓慢增加—缩小”的态势,其年度空间关联性呈增长趋势;②长江经济带创新产出县域分布呈现出分散、集中、相对集中扩散的态势,创新产出较高的县(市、区)为长三角地区地级市区、经济发达县(市、区)以及中西部地区省会城市市区;③显著空间关联类型总体格局稳定,局部变化明显,县(市、区)显著空间的关联类型以正相关类型为主,显著低低集聚关联类型占主导地位,低低集聚地区主要在西部地区,且有向中部扩展的态势;④长江经济带创新产出空间格局演变过程中,科技创新资源禀赋、教育水平与研发投入、技术溢出与扩散、政策与制度因素的作用较为显著。     

基于空间变差函数的新疆县域产业结构格局演化

以1975—2010年间8个年份的产业数据为基础,在ArcGIS的支持下,运用空间变差函数和克里格(Kriging)插值相结合的方法,研究了"五五"—"十一五"时期新疆县域产业结构分布的时空格局演化特征及其机理。结果表明:新疆县域产业结构水平分布的空间相关性和自组织性较强,由空间自相关引起的结构化分异也十分明显,但空间关联效应的作用范围有减小趋势。2000年以前,基台值逐渐增大,而块金值和块金系数不断降低;之后,出现前者减小,后两者逐渐增大的趋势。这反映出前期(1975—2000年)县域产业结构的空间差异性不断增强,结构化分异对其影响日趋增大;而后期(2000—2010年)差异性减弱,随机性因素的影响逐渐增强。东南—西北方向的产业结构水平均质性最好,而东北—西南方向上异质性显著,形成"高原—平原—洼地"的阶梯结构,成为推动新疆产业格局演化的主要作用方向。"五五"—"九五"期间,东北—西南方向区域间产业结构水平的差距日趋拉大。产业结构的"高原"面不断扩大至北疆、东疆的大部分区域,其峰值经历了"单簇峰→扩展三峰鼎立→连接天山北坡产业峰值带"的空间演化过程。而"洼地"范围变化较小,主要集中在南疆的阿克苏西南部、和田、喀什地区。"十五"时期以来,东北—西南方向区域间产业结构水平的差异性有所减小,"高原"面基本不变,但"洼地"范围明显向西南方向缩小至喀什地区,促使"平原"面范围不断扩大。资源禀赋、区位条件、历史基础和区域政策环境是促使产业结构时空格局发生演化的重要因子,其中改革开放、西部大开发等国家重大战略对新疆产业空间格局演化的推动作用较为明显。     

基于新经济地理学理论的甘肃省县域经济发展差异

针对甘肃省县域经济发展差异突出的问题,通过构建新经济地理学视角下的区域经济发展差异分析框架,提出了影响区域经济发展差异的相关因素;运用空间探索性数据分析方法分析甘肃县域经济的空间差异分布与集聚情况;通过引入空间矩阵对甘肃省县域经济发展差异进行空间计量分析。结果表明:甘肃省县域经济发展水平具有明显的空间差异性和空间正相关性;相对市场规模、知识存量、产业份额、城镇化水平、贸易自由度及资本投入均是导致县域经济发展差异的重要因素;基于新经济地理学理论的区域经济发展差异分析框架可以解释县域经济发展差异的成因。     

塔里木河流域产业结构经济效益比较研究

应用偏离-份额分析方法,对塔里木河流域的5个地区1980-2005年的产业结构的变化进行比较分析,提取了各地区在产业结构效益和竞争力效益方面的优劣势信息,研究结果显示:塔里木河流域经济增长的拉动作用是各区产业增长的主要因素.巴音郭楞蒙古自治州属于绝对优势区,阿克苏地区和喀什地区属于相对优势区,克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州属于相对劣势区,和田地区属于绝对劣势区;重点分析了2000-2005年产业结构内部对地区经济增长的影响:塔里木河流域产业结构总体二三产业发展较快,第一产业发展较慢;三次产业均扩张的有巴州和克州;第二、三产业相对扩张的地区有喀什地区;第三产业处于相对扩张而第一、二产业处于相对收缩的地区是和田地区;三次产业均处于收缩状态的是阿克苏地区,并剖析了其影响因素.针对两种影响因素构成空间的组合方式,从产业结构角度提出推进塔里木河流域区域经济增长的建议.     

四川省县域经济差异变化分析

以四川省1998年和2016年180个县域的人均GDP现价数据为基础,结合GIS空间分析方法,从四川省县域经济差异的总体变化、经济类型的结构、数量和空间变化角度出发,对四川省县域经济差异变化进行分析,结果表明:四川省县域经济发展水平的绝对差异在扩大,相对差异在减小。县域经济变化以向上发展为主,跳跃式发展的县域占个别,区域经济差异结构由"扁坛"状的分布结构演化为近似"瓶状"结构,四川省不平衡的经济差异模式呈减弱趋势。四川经济差异在空间上呈现中部、东部、西部的经济空间差异梯度格局;经济增长格局向南、向东发展,由"一中心两极"转变为多中心发展的空间格局。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

Metals and models: Diagenic modelling in freshwater lacustrine sediments

This review aims to distill and synthesize the existing information on the use of models to describe and predict the distribution and movement of metals in lacustrine sediments. As such it examines the causes of metal diagenesis, the origin and form of the equations that govern these phenomena, and the predictability or measurability of the parameters that appear in the models. The paper concludes by highlighting some seminal results from modelling studies, including the determination of the factors controlling the formation of surficial Mn-Fe-enriched zone or layers, the substantial contribution possible from metal reduction to organic matter regeneration, the calculation of mixing-corrected metal input histories to lakes, and the prediction of growth rates and morphologies for both deep-sea and lacustrine ferromanganese nodules.     

Guidelines to Authors

正1.Aims and scope Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.