神经网络模型在非线性位移反分析中的应用

以岩体的粘弹性位移反分析为基础，探讨了人工神经网络在非线性位移反分析中的应用。通过对粘弹性位移反分析样本集的学习，结合张家洼铁矿和三台子煤矿的位移测试数据，得到了二者的岩体力学参数，并与试验结果相接近。     

粘弹性岩体力学模型识别与参数反演解析方法研究

本文基于圆形和非圆形隧道围岩粘弹性位移反演分析解析方法的最新进展，根据隧道围岩力学参数解析解的反演规律，提出了五个粘弹性力学模型识别与参数定理，并通过算例和工程实例对所给出的定理作了必要的验证。     

基于改进遗传算法的粘弹性岩体力学参数反演

把模式搜索嵌入目前广为应用的遗传算法中,使之和神经网络有机结合,提出了搜索—遗传—神经网络算法。该方法用经过最佳预测学习算法训练的神经网络来表达粘弹性岩体力学参数和位移之间的映射关系,除具有一般遗传算法的优点外,还提高了参数反演的精度,节省了参数反演的计算时间。结合某工程实例,验证了该方法在粘弹性岩体力学参数反演中的优越性。      

基于敏感性分析的裂隙岩体渗流与应力静态全耦合参数反演

基于求解稳定渗流场与弹性位移场耦合问题的全耦合分析方法,应用提出的混合遗传算法作为优化算法,同时利用水头、位移等多类型量测资料,提出了裂隙岩体渗流与应力静态全耦合的参数反演方法。在目标函数建立中考虑了实测水头对渗流参数的敏感性,在待反演力学未知参数的选取中,依据提出的相对灵敏度概念,考虑了实测位移对力学参数的敏感性。针对某裂隙岸坡算例,研究了水库蓄水过程中位移场对力学参数敏感性,据此实现位移测点的优化布置,并以渗流场与位移场全耦合正分析计算结果作为假想实测值,进行该岩坡的全耦合参数反演分析,从而验证了所提出理论与研制程序的正确性和可行性。     

挤压式顶管施工力学分析

考虑挤压式顶管施工时,不可避免会对周围的环境造成影响。根据土塑性力学的基本原理,考虑土体具有不同于其他材料的剪胀特性和塑性变形,按不相适应的塑性流动法则计算无限体内柱形孔穴扩张在周围土体内产生应力场和位移场。借助源一汇影像手段和Cemiti解进行剪应力修正,推得在顶管挤入过程中周围土体内的位移场和应力场表达式．基于此,研究了土层数、管径、埋深等各参数对竖向位移的影响的敏感性。最终得出顶管中心埋深h、顶管外半径Ru是影响竖向位移的最关键因素的结论。     

青藏高原的隆升缩短及其粘弹性形变分析

本文依据新生代以来喜马拉雅和青藏高原发生的强烈的构造形变特征,用二维粘弹性有限元数值方法模拟估算了在印度板块向北推挤欧亚大陆的动力条件下,高原各构造单元的形变速率以及由此推算出40Ma以来青藏高原的隆升量和缩短量。反演了各地体岩石力学参数,特别是有效粘性系数η的数量级。认识到物性参数对构造应力场和形变速率的极重要的影响作用。阐明了除了动力机制和边界条件外,岩石圈各圈层材料力学性质的不均一是造成位移场、应力场和形变速率的差异,从而引起各种复杂地质构造现象的基本因素之一。      

桩基下粘弹性土应力计算探讨

本文根据粘弹性土体开尔文－虎克力学模型作为土体的应力与变形关系，采用了拉普拉斯变换运算，推导了竖向集中力作用于半无限粘弹性土体内部的竖向应力，可作为桩基下粘弹性土应力计算。     

地震载荷下斜坡稳定性数值模拟分析

地震载荷是影响复杂结构斜坡塌滑的一个重要因素。本文以汶川震区一边坡为实例,利用有限差分法FLAC-3D对地震动力下斜坡进行了数值模拟。并且在用FLAC-3D进行斜坡动力分析时探讨了边界条件设置、动力时程的合成以及输入和转化。从位移场与速度场进行了详细的动力分析,获得该斜坡地震载荷下位移场、速度场的变化规律,指出山体斜坡在非连续介质状态下软弱面区域位移和速度最大,为后续进行复杂的山体破坏力学研究提供理论依据。     

横观各向同性饱和土体三维粘弹性动力分析

采用针对横观各向同性饱和土体u-w形式三维粘弹性动力方程,考虑土骨架的粘弹性性质且基于粘弹性理论,通过运用Fourier 展开、Laplace 和Hankel 积分变换方法和引入中间变量,将含有粘弹性参数的六元二阶偏微分运动控制方程组,化为2组各含4个未知变量的常微分方程组,从而给出了柱坐标系下粘弹性横观各向同性饱和土体在非轴对称动力荷载作用下的瞬态反应的土骨架位移分量、孔隙流体相对于土骨架的位移分量瞬态反应一般解。在此基础上,引入初始条件和边界条件,对垂直向和水平向动力荷载作用下半空间边值问题进行了求解。根据动力时域解答的一般解,利用Laplace和Hankel 数值逆变换技术,编制了相应的数值计算程序。并进行了实例验证和弹性、粘弹性解的对比分析。结果表明,在进行横观各向同性饱和土体动力分析时,考虑土骨架的粘弹性是必要的。     

复杂地层超大断面隧道施工围岩力学特征模型试验

以京沪高速济南连接线港沟隧道穿越断裂破碎带区域为依托工程,研究了复杂地层超大断面隧道施工情况下围岩力学响应特征。研发了大型可拼装式地质力学模型试验系统,搭建了以静态数据采集为基础的应力–应变场监测系统和以光栅测距为基础的位移场监测系统,开展了复杂地层超大断面隧道施工过程力学模型试验研究。通过对试验开挖过程中位移变形和围岩应力变化的实时监测,揭示了超大断面隧道穿越断裂破碎带施工过程的力学演化规律。监测数据表明：位移变形大致可分为“缓慢增加-急剧增大-稳定状态”3个过程,水平收敛位移要早于拱顶沉降进入急剧增大阶段;应力变化也可分为“应力积聚－应力释放－稳定状态”3个阶段。形成的试验方法技术以及结论对类似工程研究具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861