A computerized system for assessing towed array sonar functionalityand detecting faults

A computer-based system that processes hydrophone and beam noise data from a towed horizontal line array sonar has been developed. The system also produces various displays that can be used to help assess the functionality of the sonar and to identify faults that cause degraded performance. The system-and various statistics used for characterizing or quantifying a given aspect of the sonar's performance are discussed. The results are presented in visual formats to aid in rapid assessment and quantification of the sonar's performance. Examples obtained from the system during recent towed array ambient noise measurement exercises are given to illustrate its utility for real-time performance monitoring and its capability for providing clues to aid in fault localization     

数字海图中助航设备的自动综合探讨

助航设备是海图上一种重要的点状要素,其自动综合是海图自动综合的重要研究内容.以数字海图数据为基础,深入探讨了数字海图中助航设备的自动综合问题,重点研究了助航设备的自动选取.基于助航设备分布和分级的规律性,提出了一种助航设备自动综合方法.初步实验表明,该方法在实现助航设备自动综合时效果较好.     

RTK布设高精度控制点的可行性分析

GPS RTK可以实时获取流动站的坐标,但无法确定点位坐标精度的可靠性。利用高精度基线检定场对RTK测量成果的精度估计进行了研究,证明在具备高等级已知点位成果时RTK测量可用于获取较高精度的控制点。     

Recognition and Measurement of Marine Topography for Sounding Generalization in Digital Nautical Chart

Generalization is a comprehensive process. It is not simply a question of an algorithm, such as simplification, selection, displacement, and so on. Only after geometric shapes and topological properties have been understood fully, can a sound and automated generalization process be possible. This article proposes a new theoretical model for sounding generalization in digital nautical charts. First, with the aid of Delaunay triangulation, a tree structure is introduced for a hierarchical representation of the marine topography. Then, an analytical algorithm for the recognition and the measurement of the marine topography is developed through the use of the tree structure. Finally, all of the techniques mentioned above are integrated into a model for sounding generalization, of which results are illustrated with the aid of several examples.     

Recognition and Measurement of Marine Topography for Sounding Generalization in Digital Nautical Chart

Generalization is a comprehensive process. It is not simply a question of an algorithm, such as simplification, selection, displacement, and so on. Only after geometric shapes and topological properties have been understood fully, can a sound and automated generalization process be possible. This article proposes a new theoretical model for sounding generalization in digital nautical charts. First, with the aid of Delaunay triangulation, a tree structure is introduced for a hierarchical representation of the marine topography. Then, an analytical algorithm for the recognition and the measurement of the marine topography is developed through the use of the tree structure. Finally, all of the techniques mentioned above are integrated into a model for sounding generalization, of which results are illustrated with the aid of several examples.

     

数字海图水深的自动综合探讨

海图上的水深具有以点代面的特殊性质,不仅是影响载负量的关键,而且水深点的不同形态和密度又是海底地形特征的反映。因而,只有经过海底地形特征的识别,同时参照海底地形的综合原则,才能实现水深综合的自动化。     

地形三维可视化处理中几个问题的探讨

以长江中上游地区作为试验区,针对利用ERDAS IMAGINE V8．7制作三维飞行漫游时中文注记的生成、不同空间分辨率DEM的地形信息载量与内存消耗的关系、EDM与卫星影像叠加后在不同地形环境下的参数设置、三维飞行漫游文件格式等问题,提出了一系列切实可行的解决方案,在实践中取得了较好的三维可视化效果。研究结果对于城市景观规划设计、土地资源环境调查等诸多领域,都具有很强的实用价值。     

台风预报系统

本文介绍的是一项在微机上实现的台风预报专家系统。该系统可进行台风气候查询、台风路径检索、台风特例查询，并能利用相似加权法制作出１２－７２小时台风路径和中心强度预报，对异常路径台风也可提供一定的诊断预报判据。本系统已在军内外一些气象业务单位得到应用，实践证明它是一种简便有效的台风预报工具。     

白沙河地下水资源管理模型

针对白沙河地下水含水层的内部结构和本区开采特点以及已出现的环境问题，建立了地下水资源管理模型，确定了优化开采方案。该管理模型针对本区每年２个管理时段的长度及其开采量均不同的特点，导出了新的响应矩阵的公式。管理模型的建立有助于对该区地下水的合理开采。     

Design Curves for Mooring Lines of Turret Mooring Systems

This paper presents a series of design curves to aid in the selection of turret mooring systemsfor tankers based Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO)systems.These curves are appropri-ate to water depths ranging from 100m to 600m.The curves can be used as a preliminary design tool,al-lowing the designer to quickly evaluate alternative mooring system configurations,including the numberof mooring lines,the characteristics of chain and wire rope to be deployed and the initial tension.With aknowledge of the total environmental force and vessel motion characteristics,the designer can determinethe appropriate system for closer evaluation.     

数值化海区框架的建立

数值化海区建立在海区观测资料的基础之上，采用现有的数值计算模式以拓展海区信息，包括海区水深地形数据库、海区潮流数据库、海区波浪数据库、海区泥沙数据库、数值化海区查询库的建立等内容。数值化海区具备一定的分析与计算能力，并具有投资小、速度快和辅助决策的作用。     

Depth dependence of ambient noise

Omnidirectional measurements of ambient noise versus depth in the Caribbean, Mediterranean, Arctic, Pacific, and Atlantic areas are presented. The shapes of the vertical ambient noise profiles spanning the water column at frequencies from 25 to 500 Hz are shown to be heavily influenced by passing ships. The qualitative features of average noise profiles measured by mid-water hydrophones can be explained with the aid of a straightforward model, and it is concluded that low-frequency omnidirectional ambient noise depth dependence is predictable. The sensitivity of the vertical noise profile to passing ships, coupled with noise predictability suggests that surveillance could be effected by a vertical string of hydrophones without coherent processing in areas of relatively light shipping.     

Diagenetic modelling: an integrated approach using wireline logs and geological data

Diagenetic effects may be recognized by integrating wireline log measurements with other sources of geplogical data. Diagenetic features often give subtle changes in the log response that are difficult to interpret. Owing to these difficulties, a forward modelling procedure using computers is being developed to aid interpretation. A diagenetic model can be constructed with a knowledge of the controlling processes. The model can then be iteratively refined by confirming or denying the existence of modelled features and this is achieved by comparing synthetic logs with actual wireline logs. The diagenesis of the Rotliegend sandstone of the southern North Sea is well understood and there is extensive modern wireline log coverage. The Rotliegend provides suitable sequences in which to test the systems approach that is being developed and provides illustrative examples.     

基于区域分割合并的建筑物半自动提取方法

提出了一种遥感图像半自动提取建筑物的方法。首先通过对建筑物边缘进行折线逼近和感知编组，可以得到其顶部大体结构。然后按照“二叉树”的数据结构，利用“超线”对建筑物影像进行区域分割。最后通过对分割后的区域进行相似性的统计并按照“二叉树”记录的分割顺序进行生长合并，从而得到了屋顶的边缘，实现了对平顶直角建筑物的提取。该方法能够充分利用区域的性质进行合并，稳定精确地提取建筑物。     

Facies recognition of some Tertiary coals applied to prediction of oil source rock occurrence

Coals are oil source rocks in many of the Tertiary basins of Southeast Asia. The precursors of these hydrogen rich and oxygen poor coals are coastal plain peats which have mainly developed in an everwet and tropical climate. In these environments water flow and reworking can concentrate liptinitic kerogen in preference to vitrinitic kerogen. The distribution, petrography and chemistry of the coaly Miocene source rocks present in the Kutai Basin are described. The recognition of environmental controls on the accumulation of potentially oil-prone coals and coaly shales in deltaic environments is an aid to predictive source bed recognition in petroleum exploration. Comments on the environment of deposition of coaly sediments in the basins of the Norwegian Sea are discussed with reference to their possible oil and/or gas sourcing potential. The Triassic - Jurassic coals of the Haltenbanken area may become more oil-prone towards the delta margins, and facies mapping could aid oil exploration in this area.     

New directions in shipbuilding policy

The capacity of the world’s shipbuilding industr y has exceeded the demand for new ships for more than three decades. Thus shipyards have been protected for many years by some form of state aid in practically every country where shipbuilding is carried on. Negotiations aimed at restoring normal competitive conditions to the industry began in 1989. They were conducted under the auspices of the OECD and involved all the major shipbuilding blocs then in existence. Five years later an agreement was reached, but it is not yet in force. Thus, the European Council has decided to act unilaterally by introducing measures that will put into effect a state aid regime which is consistent with the main provisions of the OECD Shipbuilding Agreement and which places the shipbuilding industry on the same footing as other industries within the European Union. This paper traces the background to the development of this policy and considers some of its implications.     

Cultural characteristics and identification of marine nitrifying bacteria from a closed prawn-culture system in Durban

A closed system, supplied with water from the Indian Ocean and stocked with the prawn Penaeus monodon, was used to identify and study the cultural characteristics of the associated marine nitrifying bacteria. This system provided the ideal environment for the development of nitrifying bacteria, which was monitored by assaying for the oxidation of either ammonia or nitrite. As these organisms grow very slowly, enrichment and fed-batch cultures were prepared to obtain pure cultures. The nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrophs and can only be identified by observing their arrangement of internal or cytomembranes with the aid of the transmission electron microscope. All five listed genera of marine nitrifying bacteria were observed, namely Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus, which oxidize ammonia to nitrite, and Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus and Nitrospina, which oxidize nitrite to nitrate. Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi represented the dominant organisms in enrichment cultures and were also obtained in pure culture. Examination of the colonial morphology indicated the lack of distinct characteristics that could aid in their identification. A simple, effective method of observing the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria microscopically, based on the breakdown of magnesium ammonium phosphate, is also described.     

Experimental study of the fine structure of the wind field near a rough surface

The air-flow velocity field near the water surface is studied in the zone of wind-wave intensification. Caused by a periodic separation of eddies, a nonzero time-averaged value of the wind velocity in the near-water streamline is detected at the leading slope of the wave. The distribution of pressure along the wave with allowance for the vertical velocity shear and disturbances produced by eddies and a periodic deceleration of the viscous layer was calculated with the aid of the Cauchy-Lagrange integral. This procedure made it possible to calculate the growth rate of the wave amplitude, whose value was found to be close to its experimental value at the initial stage of acceleration.     

Investigating the Effects of Different LED Wavelengths on Aggregation and Swimming Behavior of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

Ocean Science Journal - Efficient fish aggregation systems are essential for catching chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), which is a major target of purse seine fisheries in South Korea. To aid the...     

Assessment and management of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the Cuddalore-Villupuram, east coast of India using geospatial techniques

The current study area is coastal zone of Cuddalore, Pondicherry and Villupuram districts of the Tamil Nadu along the southeast coast of India. This area is experiencing threat from many disasters such as storm, cyclone, flood, tsunami and erosion. This was one of the worst affected area during 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and during 2008 Nisha cyclone. The multi-hazard vulnerability maps prepared here are a blended and combined overlay of multiple hazards those affecting the coastal zone. The present study aims to develop a methodology for coastal multi-hazard vulnerability assessment. This study was carried out using parameters probability of maximum storm surge height during the return period (mean recurrence interval), future sea level rise, coastal erosion and high resolution coastal topography with the aid of the Remote Sensing and GIS tools. The assessment results were threatening 3.46 million inhabitants from 129 villages covering a coastal area 360 km² under the multi-hazard zone. In general river systems act as the flooding corridors which carrying larger and longer hinterland inundation. Multi-hazard Vulnerability maps were further reproduced as risk maps with the land use information. These risk caused due to multi-hazards were assessed up to building levels. The decision-making tools presented here can aid as critical information during a disaster for the evacuation process and to evolve a management strategy. These Multi-hazard vulnerability maps can also be used as a tool in planning a new facility and for insurance purpose.