2014年7月大气环流和天气分析

提2014年7月环流特征如下：北半球高纬地区为单一极涡,中高纬地区呈5波型分布,巴尔喀什湖附近低槽和东亚大槽强度均较常年偏强;西北太平洋副热带高压带呈东西带状分布,强度与常年同期相当。7月全国平均降水量115．0 mm,较常年同期（120．6 mm）偏少4．6％;全国平均气温为22．3℃,较常年同期（21．9℃）偏高0．4℃。月内共出现8次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有5个热带气旋（风力8级以上）在西北太平洋和南海活动,生成个数较常年偏多,并有“威马逊”、“麦德姆”2个热带气旋登陆。华南、江南等地出现持续高温天气,全国87个气象观测站发生极端高温事件,74站发生极端日降水量事件。     

2018年7月大气环流和天气分析

2018年7月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年明显偏强,位置较常年明显偏北。7月全国平均气温22.9℃,较常年同期偏高1.1℃,为1961年以来历史同期第三高;全国平均降水量133.8 mm,比常年同期（120.6 mm）偏多11%,与历史同期相比呈现北多南少的分布特征。月内我国有7次区域性暴雨天气过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有5个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海活动,并有“玛莉亚”、“山神”、“安比”3个台风登陆,生成和登陆个数均较常年偏多。我国中东部出现持续性高温天气,同时强对流天气频发,影响范围较广。     

2013年7月大气环流和天气分析

2013年7月环流特征如下:欧亚中高纬呈西低东高异常分布型,我国中高纬多短波槽活动,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏强,西南季风较常年偏强。7月全国平均降水量138.9 mm,较常年同期（120.6 mm）偏多15.2%,为1951年以来第四多雨年;全国平均气温为22.4℃,较常年同期（21.9℃）偏高0.5℃。月内共出现11次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有4个热带气旋在南海和西北太平洋活动,并有“温比亚”、“苏力”、“西马仑”等3个热带气旋登陆。江南、江淮、江汉及重庆等地出现持续高温天气,全国100个气象观测站发生极端高温事件。     

2022年7月大气环流和天气分析

2022年7月大气环流主要特征为北半球极涡呈单极型且较常年同期略偏强,中高纬环流呈4波型分布,西太平洋副热带高压较常年同期偏北偏西。7月,全国平均降水量为96.6 mm,较常年同期偏少21%,为1961年以来历史同期第二少;全国平均气温为23.2℃,较常年同期偏高1.0℃,为1961年以来历史同期第二高。月内有6次区域性暴雨天气过程,1—7日强降水过程由于受到台风登陆及减弱后的低压环流与西风带系统相互作用,影响我国中东部大部分地区,5次强降水集中在西北地区东部、华北、黄淮、东北地区。月内共有3个台风生成,较常年同期偏少;经历2次高温天气过程,表现出极端性显著、影响范围广和持续时间长的特点,四川盆地、江南、西北地区东部、新疆的部分地区出现40℃以上高温天气,多站日最高气温突破历史同期极值。     

2012年7月大气环流和天气分析

2012年7月环流特征如下：欧亚中高纬呈两脊一槽型,我国中高纬多高空槽活动,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏弱,西段位置多变。7月全国平均降水量为135．2mm,较常年同期（118．2mm）偏多14．4％,为1951年以来同期第四多雨年;全国平均气温为22．1℃,较常年同期偏高0．4℃。月内,共出现8次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。共有4个热带气旋生成,其中台风韦森特登陆广东。江南、江淮、江汉和黄淮中部等地高温日数明显偏多。     

2017年7月大气环流和天气分析

2017年7月大气环流特征为,极涡呈偶极型分布,主体强度较常年偏强;中高纬环流呈5波型分布,北半球副热带高压强度偏强,西太平洋副热带高压整体位置偏北,脊线持续北抬。7月我国平均气温为23.2℃,较常年同期（21.9℃）偏高1.3℃。全国平均降水量112.5 mm,较常年同期（120.6 mm）偏少6.7%,东北地区西部、江南地区东北部、江淮地区西南部和新疆北部等地降水偏少显著。强降水天气主要出现在东北地区和南方,7月我国出现9次区域性暴雨天气过程,7月13—14日降水过程多方面突破历史极值。7月西北太平洋地区有8个台风生成,其中7个台风活跃,3个台风登陆我国,数量较历史同期明显偏多;台风生成个数与1994、1967和1971年并列为历史同期最多。内蒙古东部出现气象干旱,江淮江汉伏旱发展。中东部地区和新疆持续高温天气,最长持续天数为20 d,1884站出现35℃以上高温天气;高温极值为49℃,发生在吐鲁番站。     

2020年2月大气环流和天气分析

2020年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布且较常年同期明显偏强,欧亚地区中高纬环流呈三波型,环流呈纬向型,经向度较小。西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强;下旬南支槽趋于活跃。2月,我国冷空气过程较常年偏少,出现今年首个全国型寒潮过程;全国平均气温为-0.1℃,较常年同期偏高1.6℃;全国平均降水量21.1 mm,较常年同期偏多18%。此外,前半月中东部多过程性雾 霾天气;西北地区出现今年首次沙尘天气过程。     

2019年7月大气环流和天气分析

2019年7月北半球的大气环流主要特征表现为,极涡呈偶极型分布,较常年同期偏强;欧洲高空冷涡异常偏强,中上旬西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南,下旬北抬。7月全国平均降水量为126.3 mm,较历史常年同期偏多4.7%,江南大部以及西南地区较历史同期显著偏多1倍以上,黄淮、江淮地区降水较常年同期偏少5成以上;全国平均气温为22.1℃,较历史同期略偏高。平均高温日数多于常年同期（4.3 d）,达到了5.7 d,华北南部、黄淮、江淮以及南疆等地高温日数显著偏多,山西、辽宁、新疆、广东等地共61站发生极端高温事件。本月内有7次区域性暴雨天气过程,主要出现在我国南方地区,多站出现极端日降水量。共有4个台风生成,接近历史同期水平,只有1个台风登陆我国,较历史同期偏少。     

2017年8月大气环流和天气分析

2017年8月北半球500 hPa极涡呈单极型分布,强度强于常年同期;亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波动;西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均降水量126.6 mm,较常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多20%;全国平均气温为21.4℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高0.6℃。月内共出现了8次主要的区域性强降水过程,多站日降水量超历史同期极值。8月共有5个台风在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中1713号台风天鸽、1714号台风帕卡4天内先后登陆珠三角。月内,我国南方地区出现大范围持续高温天气,江淮、江汉等地出现阶段性伏旱。     

2017年12月大气环流和天气分析

2017年12月大气环流的主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,欧亚中高纬环流呈两槽一脊型;南支槽位于70°E 附近,较常年同期偏西,副热带高压位置偏西,不利于水汽向我国中东部地区输送。12月,全国平均降水量为5.9 mm,比常年同期（10.8 mm）偏少44.8%,我国北方大部分地区降水量较常年同期偏少4~8成。全国平均气温-2.2℃,较常年同期（-3.2℃）偏高1℃;受偏强东北低涡影响,东北地区和内蒙古中东部气温较常年同期偏低1~3℃。月内,冷空气活动频繁,但强度较弱,出现5次一般强度冷空气过程。受频繁冷空气影响,雾 霾天气较常年同期偏少,仅28—30日出现一次大范围持续性雾 霾天气。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.