应力遥感监测滇西北地震前兆场

应用气象卫星轨道摄动反演地壳区域构造应力降动态场 ,对广大地区进行快速扫描获取地震近源区和震源区短临阶段孕震发震前兆场 ,藉以预测地震三要素———震中、震级和发震时间 ,以期达到预报地震如同预报气象 .对近年来滇西北地震的震例正演计算了丽江、武定强震并绘制其地震前、后应力降动态特征图及其强震前兆应力降异常波动发震时间曲线图     

华北地区地震异常前兆信息场演化特征及其与地震关系的研究

在对地震异常前兆信息量先前研究的基础上,进一步给出了描述各种地震异常前兆信息量的普适性综合数学表达式.从大量震例资料入手,再次研究了地震异常延续有效性的问题,进而建立了地震异常持续有效时间与延续有效时间的数学关系式.收集整理了1980～1997年华北地区水化、形变、地磁、应力、水位、地电等371个观测项目、上百万个前兆观测数据,对每一观测项目逐一计算了它们的地震异常前兆信息量.研究了华北地区近20年的地震异常前兆信息场的演化特征及其与地震的关系,建立了华北地区Ms≥5地震的中短期综合预报指标体系,经R值评分检验,表明该地震综合预报指标体系在中短期地震预测中具有一定效果.     

华北地区地震异常前光信息场演化特征及其与地震关系的研究

在对地震异常光信息量先前研究的基础上,进一步给出了描述各种地震异常前光信息量的普适性综合数学表达式,从大量震例资料入手,再次研究了地震异常延续有效性的问题,进而建立了地震异常持续有效的有效时间与有延续有效时间的数学关系式。收储整理了１９８０～１９９７年华北地区水化、形主为、地磁、应力、水位、地电等３７１个观测项目、上百万个前兆观测数据,对每一项观测项目逐一计算了它们的地震异常前光信息量,研究了华北地区近２０年的地震异常前光信息场的演化特征及其与地震的关系,建立了华北地区Ｍｓ≥地震的中短期综合预报指标体系,经Ｒ值评分检验,表明该地震综合预报指标体系在中短期地震预测中具有一定效果。     

大同－阳高2次地震前长治电感地应力的异常特征

大同－阳高２次中强地震前，长治电感地应力曾出现明显的趋势异常和短临异常。本文就长治地应力的观测条件以及地震前后的异常特征进行了分析研究，认为对于山西地震带北部地区的地震监测预报有参考价值。     

大同—阳高2次地震前长治电感地应力的异常特征

大同－阳高２次中强地震前，长治电感地应力曾出现明显的趋势异常和短临异常。本文就长治地应力的观测条件以及地震前后的异常特征进行了分析研究，认为对于山西地震带北部地区的地震监测预报有参考价值。     

海城7.3级地震宏观前兆时空演化特征与异常机制

本文以几年来对海城地震宏观前兆资料系统整理和重点现象现场查实为基础,进一步研究了地震宏观前兆场的时空演变特征,各种宏观异常发展时间上的相关性,宏观异常的空间分布与活动断裂的关系。阐述了在地震短临孕育过程中,震前宏观异常所呈现的起伏性,空间分布上出现的密集条带、不均一和迁移性。在地震孕育的短临阶段应力的积累和加强随时间演化表现出起伏叠加,在空间上表现出孕震场内多点应力集中。并用震前宏观异常高潮期的起落对比,探索预报大地震临震的时间指标。用震前宏观异常在空间上分布的条带交叉和从外围向震中迁移的特点,探索了预报发震地点的可能性。最后对某些主要宏观异常的形成机制进行了初步讨论     

江苏05井、06井水温的中短期地震异常典型特征研究

江苏宿迁05井、金湖06井自2001年数字化改造以来,水温观测记录到的典型中短期异常较好地对应了华东地区的几次中等地震,并较成功地应用于日常短临预报工作。对这两口井水温的典型异常图像和预报实践进行总结,结果表明:水温作为地震的直接前兆异常观测项目,在地震预报中具有相当突出的短临特征,它更多的反映了井孔区域内的中等地震引发的应力活动,在江苏地震的短期、短临预报方面发挥了较好的作用。     

2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震前兆异常特征研究

通过对甘肃省各种前兆资料的分析,发现玉门5．9级地震前地电、地磁、应力和应变、地下流体及水氡和气氡等多种测项都有异常显示。研究各个测项的异常时间、幅度和异常台项的分布后,得到此次地震的中期和短期异常特征,对中强震的短期预报有一定参考意义。     

唐山地震前不同区域油水井异常变化及其机理分析

对唐山地震前胜利、大港、辽河3个油田的油井和渤中2井的资料以及北京附近部分水井的资料进行整理和分析,描述了油水井的短期和临震异常特征;分析了唐山地震前同一地区和不同地区间的油水井前兆异常之间的关系,对油水井异常变化的机理进行了研究和分析,认为不同的油水井前兆异常是由于唐山地震孕震过程中造成的不同地区的应力状态不同所致,油水井前兆异常可以用来监测和预报地震。     

形变观测预报地震模式的探讨

总结了用形变观测项目进行地震分析预报的经验和方法,对观测曲线的形态及异常显示、断层活动性质、地震异常识别、异常与震中的关系、异常与震级的关系、断层位移与地应力变化、预报指标进行了研究,以对今后的地震预报工作提供一定的参考。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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