鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长10油层组沉积特征及物源*

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组为大型拗陷湖盆沉积,长10油层组为延长组初始期沉积物。但其物源特征、沉积体系划分、沉积相类型等基础问题尚不清楚,严重制约了全盆地长10油层组的勘探发现。针对这些问题,作者采用了轻重矿物、锆石测年等分析方法,明确了长10油层组主要发育东北、西北、西南三大物源,根据物源特征沉积体系划分为东北、西北和西南沉积体系。综合野外露头、岩心、钻井、测井等资料揭示了长10主要发育河流-三角洲沉积,其中,西北沉积体系主要发育辫状河沉积,东北沉积体系发育曲河流-三角洲沉积,西南沉积体系发育辫状河-三角洲沉积,沉积中心位于太白-宜君一带,为浅湖相沉积。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长10油层组沉积特征及物源

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组为大型拗陷湖盆沉积,长10油层组为延长组初始期沉积物。但其物源特征、沉积体系划分、沉积相类型等基础问题尚不清楚,严重制约了全盆地长10油层组的勘探发现。针对这些问题,作者采用了轻重矿物、锆石测年等分析方法,明确了长10油层组主要发育东北、西北、西南三大物源,根据物源特征沉积体系划分为东北、西北和西南沉积体系。综合野外露头、岩心、钻井、测井等资料揭示了长10主要发育河流—三角洲沉积,其中,西北沉积体系主要发育辫状河沉积,东北沉积体系发育曲河流—三角洲沉积,西南沉积体系发育辫状河—三角洲沉积,沉积中心位于太白—宜君一带,为浅湖相沉积。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子长地区长6油层组沉积微相研究

研究区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡中部,长6属于鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖泊发育中期,接近湖盆最发育的长7油层组,是研究区的主力层位。通过野外剖面沉积相的识别和大量测井资料,对子长油田长6沉积体系进行小层识别与划分,确定子长地区长6期为三角洲沉积体系,掌握沉积微相的空间展布、沉积微相与油气富集规律的关系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组石油资源现状与勘探潜力分析

为寻求保持探明石油地质储量持续稳定增长的有效资源接替勘探领域,对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组待探明资源量的分布进行综合分析。通过对延长组5大沉积体系资源量和探明石油地质储量分布特征的对比分析,指出延长组中、下组合是近期油气勘探的主要接替层系。其中湖盆中部的长6、长8油层组和西北、西南沉积体系的长8油层组是近期增储上产的现实勘探领域;东北沉积体系的长8油层组和全盆地的长9—长10油层组是保证未来5~10年储量稳定增长的主要勘探接替领域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7油层组沉积相分析

本文为精细刻画鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7油层组沉积相类型及分布特征,开展了详细的野外露头剖面、岩芯岩性观察、古水流方向实测、重矿物分析、岩石薄片分析和测井岩电关系分析。研究表明:①受NE(东北)、NW(西北)、SW(西南)和S(南)四大方向的物源供给,鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组划分为Ⅰ区(东北部)、Ⅱ区(西北部)、Ⅲ区(西南部)、Ⅳ区(南部)和Ⅴ区(中部)五个物源沉积区;②长7油层组沉积相、亚相和微相分别划分为3类、5类和15类,其中曲流河三角洲相主要位于盆地东北、西北地区,辫状河三角洲相主要位于盆地西南、南部地区,湖泊相主要位于盆地中部地区;③长7油层组总体为一套"湖退进积"沉积,砂质碎屑流微相和浊积岩微相砂体在中部湖泊相十分发育。上述研究对鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组页岩油的勘探与开发具有参考意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区三叠系延长组长9油层组沉积体系特征

对姬塬地区三叠统延长组长9油层组沉积体系的类型及特征进行了系统的研究:姬塬地区延长组长9油层组为辫状河三角洲平原沉积,包括分流河道、决口扇、天然堤等微相。详细研究了长91、长92沉积相平面展布特征,建立了研究区辫状河三角洲的沉积模式。     

冯地坑-洪德地区延长组长6沉积相特征研究

结合整个鄂尔多斯盆地的构造及沉积演化特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地冯地坑-洪德地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组沉积相类型和特征进行分析,建立长6油层组沉积模式,对其岩石类型、砂岩的岩石结构、沉积构造、古生物及测井相等相标志进行详细研究。研究表明,冯地坑-洪德地区长6沉积时期发育着一套曲流河三角洲沉积体系,曲流河三角洲发育三角洲前缘和三角洲平原2种亚相;三角洲平原沉积砂体以细砂和粉砂为主,最粗可达到中砂级,其中可见到分支河道微相,陆上天然堤微相及沼泽微相。三角洲前缘砂体以细砂-粉砂为主,发育有水下分支河道、水下天然堤、支流间湾、河口砂坝和前缘席状砂5种微相。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩,主要分布在盆地南部,单层厚度15～30 m（最厚处超过40 m）,含油率5%～10%。延长组沉积时是鄂尔多斯盆地发育的鼎盛时期,长7期湖盆范围达到最大。通过对长7油页岩分布与沉积相展布关系的研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地油页岩的分布受沉积环境的控制作用显著,深湖-半深湖相沉积环境下形成的油页岩,具有含油率高、厚度大和分布范围广的特点。长7油页岩资源丰富,油页岩资源量为10 476 亿t,而且盆地构造相对简单,开发条件优越。因此,鄂尔多斯盆地长7油页岩具有广阔的勘探开发前景。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长9油层组沉积相及其演化*

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9油层组发育三角洲—湖泊沉积相,三角洲平原分流河道砂体和三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体是最有利的储集砂体。在沉积相研究的基础上,根据单因素分析多因素综合作图法,选取了地层厚度、较深水沉积岩含量、砂岩厚度、砂地比、自生绿泥石分布、古生物化石分布和沉积构造分布等单因素,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9油层组上下2段的沉积相平面展布特征进行了深入研究,并探讨了其演化规律。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地以发育多水系、多物源注入的环湖分布的多个三角洲为特色,东北部地区主要发育曲流河三角洲,西部发育辫状河三角洲,其中以三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相较为发育。长9₂沉积期,半深湖沉积在盆地内较为局限,长9₁沉积期湖盆初始扩张达到最大范围,湖岸线向陆推移,湖域面积扩大,半深湖沉积较发育。由长9₂沉积期到长9₁沉积期,鄂尔多斯盆地沉积水体经历了由浅变深的过程,由此在长9₂的顶部沉积了一套具有生烃潜力的油页岩。     

鄂尔多斯盆地麻黄山西区块北部中侏罗统延安组延一段沉积特征

本文通过岩心观察、录测井及岩心粒度资料,埘鄂尔多斯盆地麻黄山西区块北部中侏罗统延安组延一段的岩石组分、结构构造、粒度分布等特征进行分析,确定其沉积相类型。结果表明：延安组延一段属河流沉积体系,发育辫状河和曲流河两种沉积类型,主要包括河床和河漫两个亚相,可进一步识别出河床滞留、心滩、边滩、河漫滩、河漫沼泽、决口扇等微相。延一段延10油层组沉积时期,研究区以辫状河沉积为主,心滩发育,河道较宽,平面上摆动宽度为2～8km,主水流方向由西北至东南;延一段延9油层组沉积时期,受鄂尔多斯盆地湖水面整体抬升的影响,河道分布范围逐渐缩小,研究区以曲流河沉积为主,发育两条曲流河,平面上摆动宽度约2～4km,河道凸岸发育边滩沉积。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861