CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFORMATION AND X-RAY PETROFABRICS IN THE MIDDLE PART OF THE WAHONGSHAN FAULT ZONE, QINGHAI PROVINCE, NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The Wahongshan fault zone in Qinghai province is one of the most important faults in westem China. In this paper, deformation and X-ray petrofabrics have been studied in the middle segment of the fault. The results show that the formation of the fault zones can be divided into two major stages: ductile shear deformation stage and brittle deformation stage. The early stage ductile shearing leads to the formation of the NW-NNW trending mylonite zones along the fault, which is intensely cut by the late-formed brittle faults. X-ray petrofabrics of rocks near the faults indicate that the minerals in the tectonites show a great degree of orientation in the alignment. The quartz, which is a very important mineral in the tectonites, is deformed by basal face gliding or near basal face gliding, and sometimes by prismatic face sliding, which indicates that the rocks are deformed in epithermal to mesothermal or mesothermal environment, and the dynamic recrystallization also plays an important role in the formation     

STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION OF TACAN WELL 1,THE DEEPEST ON-LAND WELL IN CHINA: DISCRIPTION AND DISCUSSIONS

1. Introduction Tacan 1 well (TC1 for short) is an important exploration well drilled by Tarim Oil Field Company, PetroChina in the central part of the Tarim Basin, NW China. It is located in the Tazhong Uplift, the Central (Tarim) Rise, 14km southeast of TZ4 well and 3.35km southwest of TZ401 well (Fig. 1). It finished at the depth of 7200m where the granodiorite under the Cambrian was drilled 31 m and the designed geological purpose is reached. Up to now, it is the deepest on-land…     

Deformation of the Shirenshan Block in the North Qinling

<正>Objective The Qinling orogenic belt is a typical complex continental orogenic belt which has experienced multiperiod tectonic evolution and where some important tectonic belts formed.The Luoluan fault is one of the most important belts,which is the boundary fault of the North China Plate and the Qinling orogenic belt.The Shirenshan block is located in the north section between Luanchuan and Fangcheng of the Luoluan fault.The north part is     

DETACHMENT FAULT IN DINGGYE AREA IN THE MIDDLE PART OF THE HIMALAYAN OROGEN

Dinggye lies in the middle part of the Himalayan Orogen. A lot of low angle extension detachment faults have been developed in Dinggye area and some of them make up the main body of the South Tibet Detachment System. On the whole, the extension direction of all the detachment faults is perpendicular to the strike of the Himalayan Orogen. Each detachment fault has its distinct characteristics. Mylonite was extensively developed in the detachment faults and can be divided into a variety of types such as siliceous mylonite, felsic mylonite, granite mylonite, protomylonite, crystallization mylonite and so on. On the basis of our field survey works, these detachment faults can be classified according to their locations into three units listed as follows: (1) In the northern part of the study area, the detachment faults occur on large scale and in orbicular shape, and form the middle layer of the metamorphic core complexes. (2) In the southern part of the study area, the detachment faults occur in linear shape that is parallel to the Himalayan Orogen and has a stable attitude, and have undergone two phases of development. In the first phase, the Rouqiechun Group rocks were formed and make up the hanging wall, while in the second phase the Jiachun Group rocks were formed and make up the hanging wall. (3) In the southeastern part of the study area, the detachment faults strike nearly along southeast direction in a stable way and some of these detachment faults were distorted by the late-formed faults and folds. Furthermore, in the southwestern part of the study area, the ductile shear zones are parallel to the detachment faults.     

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAIHANGSHAN PIEDMONT FAULT ZONE

1. Introduction The Taihangshan piedmont fault zone is located in a transition zone between the Taihang Mountains and the North China Plain, and is an important tectonic zone in North China. It is from the middle of Huairou County of Beijing through Fangshan County of Beijing, Laishui, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Handan of Hebei Province, and Anyang and Tangyin of Henan Province to Xinxiang of Henan Province, extending southward about 620 km in a NE-NNE direction (Fig. 1).…     

Control of Deep Tectonics on the Superlarge Deposits in China

Seventy-three large-superlarge deposits in China were formed in 4 metallogenic epochs, and located in 6 metallogenic domains. By combing their time-space distribution and the relevant data of crustal thickness, we discuss the control conditions of deep tectonics on superlarge deposits. The various spatial variation of the crustal thickness where deposits locate is closely related to their different tectonic setting. The crustal thickness of the region where deposits are in the Precatnbrian metallogenic epoch is 37.1 km and shows double-peak distribution, which is related to the different tectonic-mineralization processes in the Tarim-North China and Yangtze metallogenic domains. The crustal thickness of the region where deposits are in the Paleoproterozoic metallogenic epoch is 43.4 km and shows normal distribution, which is the result of "pure" mineralization setting. The crustal thickness of the region where deposits are in the Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic metallogenic epoch is about 41.2 km and show     

内生地质作用中的高能核反应

On the basis of data on isotope and element abundance in meteorites and erustal rocks and in the light of nuclear physical experiments, it is suggested that the differentiation of crustal material (including magmatism and ore-generation process) from the mantle is accompanied by high-energy nuclear reactions. This knowledge would provide important insights into the process of endogenic ore genesis. For example, the spallation reactions of antimony and high-energy fission of uranium may all result in large amount of lighter isotopes of tin. This among other things probably accounts for the enrichment of terrestrial eassiterite in light isotopes of tin. Under the conditions where spallation reactions is dominant, the oremetal association of Sn, W, Ta, Hf, ∑Y results; where high-energy fissions prevail,the association of Sn, Mo, Nb, Zr, ∑Ce takes place; and dominant low-energy fissions might give rise to the association of Mo, Nb, Zr, ∑Ce. If a combination of various nuclear reactions is involved, a more wide speetrum of ore-metal association may be brought about.     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

<正>20102196 Chen Bailin(Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China);Liu Jiansheng Geodetic Deformation in Northern Qilianshan margin and Hexi Corridor Area,Northwest China and Its Related Earthquake(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,28(10),2009,p.1439-1447,8 illus.,31 refs.)Key words:ground deformation,seismicity,Qilian Mountains,Hexi CorridorNorthern Qilianshan margin-Hexi Corridor area is situated in the northern margin of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Because of the collision of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate from Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic and their     

Mineralization during Collisional Orogenesis and Its Control of the Distribution of Gold and Other Deposits in the Junggar Orogen, Xinjiang, China

The Junggar orogen, Xinjiang, China, is an important part of the Ural-Mongolian orogen.The collisional orogenesis in this region occurred primarily in the Carboniferous and Permianwith an evolutional process of early compression and late extension. Mineralization of gold andother metals in the Junggar orogen occurred mainly in the Permian and in a few cases in theLate Carboniferous. The deposits are largely distributed in areas where collisional orogenesiswas intensive and formed in a transitional stage from compression to extension. Therefore, goldmineralization in the Junggar orogen is fully consistent with the collisional orogenesis in time,space and geodynamic setting. This indicates that the mineral deposit model of collisionalorogenesis is applicable to prospecting and study of ore deposits in the Junggar orogen.Furthermore, the factual distribution of gold and other deposits in this region is just the same asthe collisional orogenic model presents.     

CRYSTALS OF BERYL FROM TACHINGSHAN MOUNTAIN,SUIYUAN PROVINCE

OCCURRENCE. In 1918 Dr. W. H. Wong heard of the occurrence of beryl crystals in Tachingshan, north of Kueihua, from where the crystals were sent to Peiping, but he did not find the exact place of occurrence. Mr. H. T. Chang mentioned in his "Lapidarium Sinicum" that some of the Piyase in the Peiping market is not tourmaline but beryl and, this mineral was said to come from     

Methylmercury and total mercury distribution in the sediments of Baihua Reservoir, Guizhou Province, China

Mercury is an important pollutant in lakes. Methylmercury （MeHg）, the most toxic mercury species, which can be formed from inorganic mercury in lakes, can be bioaccumulated into high concentration in food chain and result in a potential threat to human beings. Sediments play an important role for the Hg biogeochemistry in the aquatic systems： Mercury methylation has been shown to be fastest in the surfacial sediments, where the microbial activity is highest. The formation of MeHg in lakes suggests that sediments and/or near-shore wetlands can be the sources of MeHg in aquatic environments. The Baihua Reservoir, located in the suburb of Guiyang, was impounded in 1966. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Guizhou Organic Chemical Plant which used inorganic mercury as catalyst to produce acetic acid, was responsible for the discharge of waste water with high mercury content.     

Geochemical Features and Metallogenic Prediction of the Caixiashan‐Weiquan Area in the East Tianshan Region

The Caixiashan-Weiquan area is an important ore concentration area in the eastern Tianshan metallogenic belt. Firstly, this paper studies geochemical features of 1564 samples of 1:200000 stream sediments of the Matoutan mapsheet, where the Caixiashan and Weiquan deposits are located. Processing, analysis and explanation of exploration geochemical data play an important role in the procedure of finding the ore, which are related to whether the measured elements content of geochemical samples can effectively guide the work of mineral exploration. As a highly nonlinear dynamical system, the neural network is more analogous to the human brains in terms of principles and features compared with conventional geochemical approaches. It can adapt itself to the environment, sum up laws, complete pattern recognition. Secondly, the authors used the Kohonen neural network to classify all samples based on 10 mineralization elements of stream sediment samples in order to determine possible mineral ores, reduce the scope of ore targets and study indicator elements of the ninth group of samples, which is the mostly closest to the deposit. The results show that the neural network can delineate metallogenic prospective areas and is effective in the discovery of deep geochemical information.     

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NIUSHOU MOUNTAIN AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN CENTRAL NINGXIA

There are many thrust-related structures occurring in the Paleozoic strata of the Niushou Mountain in the central part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The fault-related folds are the typical structures in this area. Based on the analysis about these structures and their relationships, the processes by which these structures of the Miboshan Formation were formed are reconstructed, and the strata underwent about three stages of deformation: (1) horizontal shortening, (2) folding, and (3) thrusting. And the fact that the Niushou Mountain is the leading edge of an old thrust sheet was proved, the Niushou Mountain, the Daluo Mountain and the Xiaoluo Mountain together constitute the front part of this old thrust zone, so the Niushou Mountain and the Ordovician strata in the central and southern parts of Ningxia now are likely allochthons. In the period from middle Ordovician to Devonian, the areas of the central and southern Ningxia belonged to the back-arc foreland basin of North Qilianshan orogen, which was adjacent to the continent in the north. In the later part of the early Paleozoic period, the Niushou Mountain was formed after the closure of the back-arc foreland basin.     

POSITIVE INVERSION STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE BELT IN TURPAN-HAMI BASIN

The central structure belt in Turpan-Hami basin is composed of the Huoyanshan structure and Qiketai structure formed in late Triassic-early Jurassic, and is characterized by extensional tectonics. The thickness of strata in the hanging wall of the growth fault is obviously larger than that in the footwall, and a deposition center was evolved in the Taibei sag where the hanging wall of the fault is located. In late Jurassic the collision between Lhasa block and Eurasia continent resulted in the transformation of the Turpan-Hami basin from an extensional structure into a compressional structure, and consequently in the tectonic inversion of the central structure belt of the Turpan-Hami basin from the extensional normal fault in the earlier stage to the compressive thrust fault in the later stage. The Tertiary collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate occurred around 55Ma, and this Himalayan orogenic event has played a profound role in shaping the Tianshan area, only the effect of the collision to this area was delayed since it culminated here approximately in late Oligocene-early Miocene. The central structure belt was strongly deformed and thrusted above the ground as a result of this tectonic event.     

Sedimentary Facies Models on Carbonatite in the Upper Shuaiba Member of Lower Cretaceous in Daleel Field, Oman

The Upper Shuaiba Member (USH) is the main force pay bed in the Daleel field in northern Oman; 5 layers including A, B, C, D, and E were divided in profile, and layer D and layer E are the main beds. With the development of exploration in the Daleel oil field, studying the sedimentary systems about their inner composition and the collocation in dimension, and setting up the sedimentary models in the USH are becoming more and more necessary and important to meet the further explora- tion requirement. Based on the data of geology, seism, and paleo-biology, according to the analysis method on carbonatite depositional system, the litho-facies assemblage and sedimentary environment in the USH were studied. Intershoal low-lying sub-facies (where the water depth is 10–50 m) and shallow shoal sub-facies (where the water depth is not more than 10 m) were extinguished in the layer D, and storm deposit was found in layer E1, in which intershoal low-lying sub-facies also developed. The feature of the sedimentary sub-facies and the sedimentary condition were analyzed, and the sedimen- tary model was set up in the article: the carbonatite intershoal low-lying developed under the back-ground of open land in shallow sea, where storm events usually occurred in the Lower Cretaceous in the area.     

Loess deposition in Asia： its initiation and development before and during the Quaternary

Dust is important in the Earth environment system. However; the role of dust in climate change remains largely unknown. A better understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of the dust accumulation in Asia forms an important step towards establishing the link between dust deposition and climate change. Here, a summary is given for the timing of the onset and expansion of loess deposition in Asia beginning in the early, Miocene. Recent progress on some aspects of loess chronology and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction is also reviewed.     

Lithium-bearing Pegmatite Exploration in Western Altun,Xinjiang, using Remote-Sensing Technology

Western Altun in Xinjiang is an important area, where lithium(Li)-bearing pegmatites have been found in recent years. However, the complex terrain and harsh environment of western Altun exacerbates in prospecting for Li-bearing pegmatites. Therefore, remote-sensing techniques can be an effective means for prospecting Li-bearing pegmatites. In this study, the fault information and lithologyical information in the region were obtained using the median-resolution remotesensing image Landsat-8, the ...     

Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Magnesite Deposits in China

China has abundant reserves of magnesite, making it the world’s leading source of this strategic mineral. Sparry magnesite is the main type of magnesite deposit, and is easy to exploit. It occurs mainly as the sedimentary-metamorphic type. Production is centred on eastern Liaoning Province, where a world-class large to super large magnesite ore processing and production facility has been developed. Hydrothermal metasomatic deposits, associated with ultramafic complexes and eluvial deposits produced by weathering, are two other important types found in China. The Western section of the Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt is an important target region for prospecting lake-sedimentary magnesite deposits. Based on a systematic analysis of material from 62 magnesite production areas, this study investigated the metallogeny of magnesite and delineated 13 magnesite metallogenic belts. Maps were produced showing metallogenic regularities in magnesite deposits, the metallogenic system of the magnesite deposits, and the distribution of the metallogenic belts of Chinese magnesite deposits. It provides a theoretical basis for forecasting the location of potential magnesite resources in China. Finally, it explores some key scientific issues, including the formation processes of ultra magnesite ore-concentrated areas, and their sources of magnesium.     

Potash Mineral Characteristics and Geochemical Studies in the West of Bieletan Section

正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment     

Evidence of the Pan-Lake Stage in the Period of 40-28 ka B.P. on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is one of major saline lake regions in China, where saline lakes are widespread and constitute an important object of researches on the palaeoclimatic change in the region. On the basis of comprehensive investigations of the evolution of the lake's surface and sediments on the plateau, the authors have further demonstrated the existence of a pan-lake stage (river and lake flooding stage) on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau during the period of about 40+-28 ka B.P. and analyzed the palaeoclimatic characteristics of the pan-lake period and relationships between the ancient monsoons and the uplift of the plateau since the beginning of the Quaternary.