甘肃北山红柳园地区泥盆系三个井组和墩墩山群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其意义

对甘肃北山红柳园地区三个井组下部玄武岩和墩墩山群安山质火山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,三个井组火山岩形成于420Ma±15Ma,相当于晚志留世;墩墩山群火山岩形成于367Ma±10Ma,相当于晚泥盆世。测年结果表明,晚志留世北山古生代洋盆已经俯冲消亡,并开始碰撞造山,而晚泥盆世墩墩山群火山岩则是北山早古生代洋盆碰撞造山后裂谷拉伸作用的产物,标志北山及相邻地区晚泥盆世进入到新的构造演化阶段——晚古生代板内伸展阶段。     

甘肃北山红柳园地区泥盆系三个井组和墩墩山群 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其意义

对甘肃北山红柳园地区三个井组下部玄武岩和墩墩山群安山质火山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,三个井组火山岩形成于420Ma±15Ma,相当于晚志留世;墩墩山群火山岩形成于367Ma±10Ma,相当于晚泥盆世。测年结果表明,晚志留世北山古生代洋盆已经俯冲消亡,并开始碰撞造山,而晚泥盆世墩墩山群火山岩则是北山早古生代洋盆碰撞造山后裂谷拉伸作用的产物,标志北山及相邻地区晚泥盆世进入到新的构造演化阶段 ——晚古生代板内伸展阶段。     

内蒙古黑红山-园包山地区石炭纪火山岩的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古北山造山带北部黑红山-园包山地区新厘定的石炭纪白山组火山岩对研究北山地区晚古生代构造演化具有重要意义.分布于晚古生代额勒根乌兰乌拉蛇绿岩带两侧的石炭纪白山组火山岩无明显差异,该火山岩主要由玄武安山质、安山质、英安质、流纹质火山岩组成,在安山岩、英安质角砾熔岩中分别获得342±5.0 Ma、313±2.9 Ma的L...     

滇西云县地区中二叠世火山岩的发现及其对昌宁- 孟连古特提斯洋俯冲作用的约束

多年来，对滇西云县- 南涧一带广泛出露的中晚三叠世火山岩的形成时代及大地构造属性一直存在争议。出露于云县漫湾地区的原划中三叠统忙怀组中新发现有厚数米的英安岩、英安质凝灰岩夹流纹岩、凝灰岩组合。本次研究采集英安岩D0001进行锆石U- Pb LA- ICP- MS定年，获得262. 5±3. 1Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和447. 4±9. 1Ma的继承性年龄，时代厘定为中二叠世晚期，而非前人认为的中三叠世。对岩石组合、同位素测年及地球化学的详细研究表明，这套火山岩属石炭- 二叠系龙洞河组，为一套中酸性火山岩组合；SiO2含量68. 14%~74. 62%，Eu负异常，在TAS图解中全部落入英安岩- 流纹岩区；微量元素蛛网图明显富集Rb、Th、Ce等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，具典型火山岛弧特征，是目前临沧岩浆弧发现的最为年轻的岛弧型酸性火山岩记录，其岩浆源区为受壳源物质混染的下地壳镁铁质岩石部分熔融；应为早中二叠世昌宁- 孟连洋向东俯冲的产物。本次的发现，为西南三江地区昌宁- 孟连洋向东俯冲提供有利的岩石学记录及时代约束，也为石炭- 二叠系龙洞河组北延提供有利支撑，澜沧江断裂以西区域前人划分的忙怀组的分布范围和规模需要重估。     

大兴安岭根河岩区晚侏罗世火山岩特征及构造环境探讨

大兴安岭根河岩区晚侏罗世火山岩岩石类型主要为火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩.据岩石化学成分火山岩可划分为流纹质、安山质、英安质及粗面质几种类型,并属高钾钙碱性系列.岩石化学、地球化学显示岩浆主要来源于下地壳,并有幔源物质参与;岩石具火山弧的特点,形成于整体挤压大陆边缘并靠近板内一侧的构造环境.     

松辽盆地东南隆起区下白垩统营城组三段火山岩岩性、岩相序列

通过大比例尺野外岩性岩相填图、掌子面二维岩性岩相描述和详细岩矿鉴定,研究营城组三段内幕。本区营三段自下而上岩性序列表现为2个中基性到中酸性的火山岩旋回：①下部为石英安山岩、安山岩、安山质集块熔岩、安山质集块岩、安山质角砾岩和安山质角砾凝灰岩,向上过渡为砂质凝灰岩和英安质凝灰熔岩;②上部为玄武安山岩和玄武质集块熔岩,向上过渡为英安岩、珍珠岩、英安岩、英安质凝灰熔岩、英安质沉凝灰岩和英安岩。旋回①岩相纵向序列：溢流相下部亚相、火山通道相火山颈亚相、爆发相空落亚相、火山沉积相再搬运亚相、爆发相热碎屑流亚相。旋回②岩相纵向序列：溢流相上部亚相和下部亚相、火山通道相火山颈亚相、溢流相下部亚相、侵出相内带亚相、溢流相下部亚相、爆发相热碎屑流亚相、火山沉积相再搬运亚相、溢流相下部亚相。营三段火山岩发育于松辽盆地断陷末期,是盆地断陷转为坳陷过程的重要岩石记录。     

新疆西准噶尔谢米斯台地区发现早古生代火山岩地层:野外地质学和年代学证据

传统上,新疆西准噶尔谢米斯台地区的火山岩地层被归属为泥盆系-石炭系。这种归属主要依据区域地层对比,缺乏确定的科学依据。本文报道了该区火山岩地层的三条剖面,并对区内出露的主要火山岩类型进行了详细描述。根据火山岩地层中岩石的不整合接触关系、岩石组合及蚀变特征将其分为两套不同时代的火山岩,并提供了代表性火山岩的锆石U-Pb测年结果,提出谢米斯台火山岩的时代(423.6~394.1 Ma)属于晚志留世-早泥盆世而不是中晚泥盆世-石炭纪。晚志留世火山岩主要为安山岩和英安岩,夹少量火山凝灰岩和蚀变砂岩。下泥盆统主要为安山质-英安质火山碎屑岩,夹有大量砂砾岩。该区地层的产状总体南倾构成一个单斜。此外本文探讨了该区火山岩地层的大地构造归属及其时空联系性,认为谢米斯台火山岩是东哈萨克斯坦博什库尔-成吉斯早古生代岩浆弧向东的延伸,可与东西两侧的火山岩地层构成一个连续的晚志留世-早泥盆世火山岩带。     

内蒙古北山地区小黄山蛇绿岩地质特征

小黄山蛇绿岩产出于塔里木陆块东北缘,北山造山带东端,主要由全蛇纹石化橄榄岩、辉橄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩及基性火山岩等组成.其中,蛇纹石化橄榄岩属变质橄榄岩,辉石岩、辉长岩为堆晶杂岩,其物质组成和空间展布反映出该蛇绿岩具有构造蛇绿混杂岩的一般特征.基性火山岩具弱亏损的稀土特征,同时微量元素显示岛弧拉斑玄武岩的特点,综合特征反映来源于富集型地幔源区,具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩与N-MORB型的双重特点.依据本区蛇绿岩的产出规模、岩石组合及地球化学特征分析,为弧后扩张时的产物,形成时代为晚寒武-早奥陶世.后期至少经历了4期以上构造变形变质作用的叠加改造,于晚泥盆世运移至地表.     

云南澜沧东回乡下石炭统平掌组火山岩岩石化学特征及构造环境

下石炭统平掌组火山岩岩石类型主要为火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩.由英安质火山角砾岩、火山角砾凝灰岩、安山玢岩、安山岩、英安质凝灰熔岩等组成.岩石学、地球化学特征显示岩浆主要来源于下地壳,并有幔源物质参与;具拉斑玄武岩-碱性玄武岩特点,形成于大洋岛弧的构造环境.     

新疆伊犁北部石炭纪火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

石炭纪火山岩广泛分布于西天山伊犁陆块周缘,其岩性复杂,并大多与陆源碎屑岩伴生或互层。其中伊宁阿希、尼勒克和那拉提3个剖面的火山岩岩石地球化学特征显示,这些火山岩属于钙碱性系列,由玄武岩、粗玄岩、玄武质安山岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩、英安岩和粗面岩组成。稀土元素含量较高,轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集。这些火山岩亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr等,而富集大离子亲石元素Th,Rb等,因而这些岩石的形成与板块俯冲有关。微量元素地球化学图解进一步表明,这些岩石形成于大陆岛弧环境。与之共生的早、中石炭世浅海—滨海相沉积地层以及伊犁陆块北缘巴音沟—莫托沙拉沟晚泥盆世—早石炭世蛇绿岩带的存在,表明伊犁陆块北缘在石炭纪时其环境为活动大陆边缘,石炭纪火山岩的形成可能与晚泥盆世—中石炭世早期北天山洋盆向南的俯冲作用有关。     

Earth's tectonic history revisited in the light of episodic misfits between plate network and mantle convection

Episodic plate reorganisations abruptly change plate boundary configurations. To illustrate their role, we review the plate reorganisations that appear in the present-day oceans and in the reconstructed Tethys ocean. These time periods cover the dispersal of the Pangea super-continent and the collisions with Eurasia that foreshadow a new super-continent. Plate reorganisations have played a fundamental role in the tectonic history of the Earth, being responsible for continental break-up and, after oceanic spreading, for continental collisions. As a result, they governed the formation and dispersal of super-continents. We observe a bulk polarity in plate motion that governs continental collision and the opposite bulk polarity in plate reorganisation that governs continental break-up. Such opposite polarities show in the tectonic history that we follow since the 550 Ma formation of the Gondwana super-continent.In order to decipher the rules that govern plate reorganisation, we investigate the distribution of spreading and subduction that derives from the current plate motion. We observe a mismatch between the evolution tendency of the plate boundary network and convection in the deep mantle. The actual network of plate boundaries illustrates a compromise between the two. Based on the opposite polarities in plate motion and plate reorganisation, we propose that this compromise is maintained by plate reorganisations that counterbalance free evolution of the network in abruptly changing its boundaries. We propose that plate reorganisations are basically caused by the mismatch between the free evolution of the plate boundary network and the current convection pattern in the deep mantle.Evidence on Proterozoic rifting and continent collisions allows dating the oldest known plate reorganisation around 2 Ga, which is the age of the oldest known super-continent. Based on the geology of the Archean before 3 Ga, mantle convection appears limited under a greenstone cover and different from the current mantle convection. The distribution of the diapiric granitoids that intrude this cover points to a honeycomb convection centred on downwelling sites separated by diffuse upwelling, which fits the theory on the early Earth mantle convection when plates did not cover the globe. We propose that the plate reorganisation regime appeared sometime between 3 and 2 Ga.     

华北地台前寒武花岗岩类、陆壳演化与克拉通形成

通过华北前寒武纪花岗岩类的研究,提出英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩（Ｔ１Ｔ２）代表不成熟陆壳组成,Ｔ１Ｔ２Ｇ１Ｇ２代表半成熟陆壳组成,花岗闪长岩和花岗岩（Ｇ１Ｇ２）代表成熟陆壳组成。讨论了大陆根的形成与性质。识别出华北地台内１０个太古陆核。讨论了中太古代初始陆核、新太古代陆核;新太古代末两个微大陆尺度的陆核的形成;早元古代两个成熟陆核的构造拼合并形成华北克拉通     

大地貌学研究进展综述

板块构造革命和空间影象新技术推动了80年代大地貌学的更新。大地貌学研究的是由板块构造作用和随后的地表侵蚀和沉积作用产生的典型地貌。目前,它在被动大陆边缘、板块边界和活动大陆边缘、以及大陆测高法方面取得了令人瞩目的研究进展。     

岩石圈热—流变结构与大陆动力学

由于大陆内部存在上千公里宽的弥散边界变形带，板块构造理论用于解释新生代大陆内部的显著的构造变形遇到了困难。因此，探讨大陆岩石圈的构造变形机制、演化及动力学过程从而成为国际地球科学的热点研究领域---大陆动力学。大量的地震测深、地震层析成像技术的应用对岩石圈的精细结构研究，已揭示岩石圈结构和物质组成存在显著的横向非均质性。这种横向非均质性是地质时期内大陆岩石圈经历多期次构造-热事件叠加与改造所形成的。同时，也决定了岩石圈热-流变学结构的横向分块、纵向分层的特性。大陆岩石圈热-流变学结构非均质性及其构造继承性对大陆内部构造变形起控制作用。所以，大陆动力学应注重开展大陆变形的运动学、大陆岩石圈的热-流变学结构和大陆变形的地球动力学数值模拟研究。     

The evolution of continental roots in numerical thermo-chemical mantle convection models including differentiation by partial melting

Incorporating upper mantle differentiation through decompression melting in a numerical mantle convection model, we demonstrate that a compositionally distinct root consisting of depleted peridotite can grow and remain stable during a long period of secular cooling. Our modeling results show that in a hot convecting mantle partial melting will produce a compositional layering in a relatively short time of about 50 Ma. Due to secular cooling mantle differentiation finally stops before 1 Ga. The resulting continental root remains stable on a billion year time scale due to the combined effects of its intrinsically lower density and temperature-dependent rheology. Two different parameterizations of the melting phase-diagram are used in the models. The results indicate that during the Archaean melting occurred on a significant scale in the deep regions of the upper mantle, at pressures in excess of 15 GPa. The compositional depths of continental roots extend to 400 km depending on the potential temperature and the type of phase-diagram parameterization used in the model. The results reveal a strong correlation between lateral variations of temperature and the thickness of the continental root. This shows that cold regions in cratons are stabilized by a thick depleted root.     

地球自转引起的板块驱动力

由于地球自转,漂浮在软流圈之上的板块将受到主矩和主矢的作用,主矩使板块产生倾斜,而主矢将使板块作漂移运动。     

Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Upper Jurassic–Neocomian rift succession,Araripe Basin,Northeast Brazil

The rift succession of the Araripe Basin can be subdivided into four depositional sequences, bounded by regional unconformities, which record different palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental contexts. Sequence I, equivalent to the Brejo Santo Formation, is composed of fluvial sheetflood and floodplain facies association, while Sequence II, correspondent to the lower portion of the Missão Velha Formation, is characterised by braided fluvial channel belt deposits. The fluvial deposits of Sequences I and II show palaeocurrents toward SE. The Sequence III, correspondent to the upper portion of Missão Velha Formation, is composed of fluvial sheetflood deposits, which are overlain by braided fluvial channel deposits displaying a palaeocurrent pattern predominantly toward SW to NW. Sequence IV, equivalent to the Abaiara Formation, is composed of fluvio–deltaic–lacustrine strata with polimodal paleocurrent pattern. The type of depositional systems, the palaeocurrent pattern and the comparison with general tectono-stratigraphic rift models led to the identification of different evolutionary stages of the Araripe Basin. Sequences I, II and III represent the record of a larger basin associated to an early rift stage. However, the difference of the fluvial palaeocurrent between sequences II and III marks a regional rearrangement of the drainage system related to tectonic activity that compartmentalised the large endorheic basin, defining more localised drainage basins separated by internal highs. Sequence IV is associated with the renewal of the landscape and implantation of half-graben systems. The high dispersion of palaeocurrents trends indicate that sedimentary influx occurs from different sectors of the half-grabens.     

中国西部新元古代榴辉岩-花岗岩带和深层次韧性 剪切带特征及其大陆再造意义

通过对甘肃北山榴辉岩－花岗岩带、柴北缘含柯石英榴辉岩－花岗岩带和阿尔金韧性剪切带岩石构造和同位素年代学研究认为, 在新元古代, 塔里木、华北 （？） 和柴达木三个地块在中国西部甘青新交界处逐步汇聚。其中, 华北与柴达木在８００～１０００Ｍａ 期间首先汇聚, 形成柴北缘含柯石英榴辉岩－花岗岩带。之后, 塔里木向东运移并与柴达木斜接, 斜接带为具有同剪切伟晶岩脉和岩体 （９１３Ｍａ） 的韧性剪切带, 即新元古代阿尔金断裂。在８６０～８８０Ｍａ 左右, 塔里木向东运移到华北边缘, 与华北地块－柴达木地块拼合, 在柳园一带形成榴辉岩－花岗岩带。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩类岩石退变质过程——对超高压变质地体隆升的启示

中国大陆科学钻探的实施，揭示了深俯冲陆壳的三维结构。超高压变质岩的岩相学详细观察，发现榴辉岩类岩石占0—2000米岩心的60％。大多数榴辉岩的原岩具有长期居留地壳的历史，但是分布在607～783米附近的石榴单斜辉石岩，在成因上与石榴橄榄岩关系密切。从矿物成分，岩石化学特征上看他们构成超镁铁-镁铁质的岩浆杂岩，是俯冲过程中，地幔物质加入于深俯冲的岩片并一起遭受超高压变质作用。榴辉岩质的片麻岩，部分相当于所谓的副片麻岩，在主孔也占一定的地位。实际是中酸性成分的火成岩超高压变质的产物。花岗质片麻岩有多种类型，根据其中所夹的角闪黑云片岩残留体看来大部分应属角闪黑云斜长片麻岩选择性部分熔融的产物。榴辉岩类的变质演化可分为3个阶段。第一阶段(M1约230—240Ma)是超高压变质的峰期，其证据是石榴石、绿辉石、金红石中均发现柯石英的微粒包裹物，石榴橄榄岩中的钛斜硅镁石是其超高压变质历史的见证。第二阶段(M2，226—219Ma)早期退变质阶段，超高压变质岩退变为高压榴辉岩相和角闪岩相岩石，冠状体和后成合晶的生长是此阶段的标志，这些特征性结构反应了岩石的不平衡和再平衡的历史，说明了超高压变质地体的快速隆升。后来(219～180Ma)超高压变质地体长期处于中下地壳，在流体影响下，榴辉岩质片麻岩退变成的黑云角闪斜长片麻岩及绿帘黑云(角闪)片麻岩，他们经选择性部分熔融或经超临界流体的K交代作用转变为黑云角闪二长片麻岩(即所谓正片麻岩)。其中多含有铈褐帘石，成分环带明显，La／Ce=0．42—0．72，且边沿均有绿帘石的边，代表后期叠加的绿帘钠长角闪岩相退变质。第三阶段(M3：170—180Ma)以糜棱岩和构造角砾岩的出现为特征，代表与二次隆升的脆韧性脆性变形的过渡，这些构造岩的基质普遍发育绿泥石、阳起石和方解石，说明了绿片岩相的退变质。所有上述3期的变质作用均与榴辉岩所经历的构造过程相关。显微结构分析可以揭示结晶作用和变形作用之间的相对时序。基于现今已发表的同位素年代学数据可以将苏鲁地区中生代不同阶段的变质作用与构造过程相互联系起来。CCSD主孔所见的变质演化和相关的变形事件对中国大陆中生代大陆动力学提供如下启示；可以肯定华北和杨子两个板块在三叠纪的碰撞(-240Ma)必然引起巨量地壳物质深俯冲至地幔深度，发生超高压变质。超高压变质岩的早期退变质是一个绝热隆升的过程，而后长期滞留中下地壳，发生部分熔融，接着引发进一步的隆升导致伸展体制，伴随以绿帘钠长角闪岩至绿片岩相的退变质。     

Composition and pre-metamorphic geodynamic setting of the ultrahigh-pressure metabasic rocks from Dabie Shan,E-China

As part of the Yangtze plate, segments of the Dabie Shan terrane of Central China underwent ultra-high pressure metamorphism during Triassic subduction. We studied the geochemistry of the abundant eclogites to evaluate the nature of the protoliths and their geodynamic setting. Although some previous geochemical work exists, the analyses and interpretation herein are based on a new subdivision of the ultra-high pressure sequence into basement and cover units (Changpu and Ganghe Unit), revealing new and important results. In addition, eclogites of the so-called HP Unit south of the UHP units were studied. Whereas the large ion lithophile elements indicate postmagmatic, metasomatic changes of some samples, the high-field strength elements and the rare earth elements display original magmatic trends. The geochemical characteristics of the eclogites of the ultra-high pressure areas display a strong dependence on their “structural” and geographic position. The eclogites of the basement and the Changpu Unit indicate melt intrusion and extrusion in a continental rift system, i.e. during extensional tectonics. In contrast, the Ganghe Unit is characterized by a pronounced chemical homogeneity. The composition of the eclogites indicates generation from a mantle source highly influenced by slab-derived fluids. Those of the HP Unit show similar characteristics. Magmatism of the Ganghe and HP Unit probably occurred in a continental arc setting. A similar age for both units, geographically and/or tectonically separated, is possible. The geodynamic interpretation based on the geochemistry of the four units points to a Neoproterozoic scenario in which the protoliths of the HP and the cover units could have been of similar age and deposited in one evolving geological system. A rift-related larger-scale basin might have formed, e.g. a continental back-arc basin behind a magmatic arc after or simultaneous to sedimentation and magmatism in the magmatic arc. Alternatively, magmatism occurred in independent geodynamic settings, distinct in time and space. The units were juxtaposed during exhumation, after subduction to varying depths.