重庆中梁山矿区主要煤层的煤岩学和煤相特征

结合国际煤岩学会（ICCP）对显微组分的新分类系统,通过绘制显微组分三元图和煤相图,对重庆中梁山矿区主要煤层显微组分和煤相特征进行了研究。结果表明:该矿区宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,且构造煤较发育;显微组分中以镜质组为主,其中以基质镜质体和碎屑镜质体最为常见。煤相研究表明,本区主要煤层形成于下三角洲平原或下三角洲平原到陆相沉积的过渡环境,属于近陆相的低位沼泽环境,成煤环境受海水作用明显。      

《烟煤显微组分分类》和《显微煤岩类型分类》国家标准的相互关系

１引言显微组分是显微镜下可辨认的煤的有机成分。显微煤岩类型是煤的显微组分及矿物的天然组合 ,不同的显微煤岩类型反映出煤的地质成因、煤相、成煤原始物质和煤的化学工艺性质的差别。因此 ,进行显微煤岩类型分析对研究煤的聚积方式、煤相变化、煤层对比以及评价煤的可选性和炼焦工艺性质等都有实际意义。国际标准化组织（ＩＳＯ）也提出了显微煤岩类型的分类标准。我国的《显微煤岩类型分类》国家标准［１］中显微组分按三大组划分 :镜质组、壳质组、惰质组。但这与《烟煤显微组分分类》国家标准［２］的四分法不一致 ,缺少半镜质组—镜…     

神木—东胜煤的煤岩特征

煤岩特征(如煤的显微组分含量及植物组织结构的保存程度)是影响煤炭质量的重要因素,研究它将会有重要的实际意义。笔者在参加“神木—东胜矿区煤质特征及利用途径”咨询项目时,研究了该区15个煤矿和5个钻孔的煤层煤样,制取了89个不同类型的煤光片,进行了煤岩组分观察、定量统计、类型划分、镜质体反射率测定、电镜扫描等研究工作,并收集整理了该区以往煤岩鉴定资料。本文就是在此基础上对该区煤岩特征及煤的水分增高的原因作一论述,以期为煤的综合利用提供科学的依据。     

河北南部石炭一二叠纪煤层气烃源岩特征

河北南部地区石炭一二叠系煤层煤种丰富,峰峰、邯郸矿区煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤和半暗煤为主;显微煤岩类型为微镜煤、微镜惰煤及微暗煤;煤的结构以细、中宽条带状结构为主,在半亮煤和半暗煤中最多;有机显微组分以镜质组最高,一般可占50％～91％,惰质组占10％～35％,壳质组含量一般不超过5％,对煤层气来说,这是比较有利的烃源条件：区内大淑村矿2煤的矿物质含量最低,其煤的吸附能力较其它矿区高;主煤层镜质组最大反射率具有北高南低的分布规律,揭示了煤的生烃强度具有由南向北逐渐增高的趋势。该区煤层气源岩不仅影响煤的生烃能力,还影响着煤层对甲烷的吸附能力和煤层气的开采能力。     

新疆和什托洛盖煤田白杨河矿区煤质特征及煤相分析

据煤岩学和煤化学分析结果,分析研究区煤质特征和煤相类型。结果表明,研究区煤以高挥发分产率、低灰分产率和低水分含量为特征;显微组分以镜质组为主,惰质组次之和壳质组少见,揭示沼泽覆水较深,具相对还原的低位沼泽特征;煤相类型以潮湿森林沼泽相为主,湿地草本沼泽相次之,干燥森林沼泽相仅出现于中上部煤层。潮湿森林沼泽相和湿地草本沼泽相以相对富镜质组、具较高灰分产率和挥发分产率为特征;干燥森林沼泽相以相对贫镜质组、具较低灰分产率和挥发分产率为特征。     

从各向异性壳质组的发现论壳质组在煤化过程中的光性演变

通过对我国几个典型煤田300多块煤光片的详细煤岩研究,发现煤中存在一种高反射具强烈各向异性的有机显微组分,有些保存了完好的壳质组外形和结构.可称之为各向异性壳质组,它广泛分布于长焰煤以上各煤级煤中,它的发现进一步说明了壳质组的煤化历程是复杂的。有些在煤化过程中几乎全部裂解为烃类而消失,绝大多数光性与共生镜质组同化,还有一少部分转变成了各向异性壳质组。     

煤及有机岩研究的新进展：第44届国际煤及有机岩会议

通过对44届国际煤及有机岩会议及会后访问所讨论和研究的主要问题的分析,介绍了煤的分类、新的煤显微组分、煤岩学与有机岩石学、镜质组反射率抑制、成熟度、盆地分析与评价、以及工艺转化中的活性惰性组组分等方面研究的新进展。     

山东省阳谷——茌平煤田聊城煤矿区显微煤岩组成及其特征

聊城煤矿区属太原组的可采煤6层，属山西组的可采煤2层。各煤层煤岩有机显微组成以镜质组为主，次为惰性组、半镜质组、壳质组；无机显微组成以粘土组为主，次为碳酸盐组和硫化物组。各类显微组分含量乃至硫化物产状等沿垂向不同煤层呈规律性变化，这是聚煤环境变化的反映。     

应用荧光显微组分定量评价煤的生烃排烃潜力

在研究镜质组类型基础上，把富氢镜质组（荧光镜质体）作为有折扣的富氢显微组分（类脂组）对待，提出了利用荧光显微组分丰度－ＦＭＴ参数作为评价不同还原类型煤生烃，排烃的定量指标。煤岩学标志，有机地球化学参数和热模拟实验产烃率数据为ＦＭＴ值定量评价煤生烃排烃潜力的适用性和有效性提供了佐证。     

煤的液化性能与煤质关系研究进展

煤的液化潜力与煤岩成分和煤化作用程度有着密切的关系,更进一步研究煤岩成分中不同显微组分对液化的影响,探讨显微组分的结构,将对优质液化煤的讦价起重大作用。煤中不同的显微组分具有不同的光性特征,镜质体反射率是划分煤阶的主要参数,但是煤的全显微组分反射率的研究把煤岩成分与煤阶结合起来,对液化煤进行综合评价。本文介绍了国外这方面最近的一些研究成果:1．镜质组和壳质组具有非常类似的转化率,但是抽提产物中族组分却存在显著的差异,镜质组主要出现前沥青烯和沥青烯,而壳质组主要出现油和气。2．低反射率惰性组显微组分虽然转化率较低,但是主要产出油和气。3．相对未凝胶化的显微组分具有较高的油产率,而较高凝胶化程度的显微组分油产率却较低。4．煤的全显微组分反射率分布可以预测煤的液化潜力。     

陕北高挥发分烟煤煤质特征与应用研究

通过煤质分析、煤岩分析与葛-金干馏试验等对比实验，研究了陕北横山、神府矿区等地侏罗纪不粘-弱粘煤及其配煤的煤炭特性、低温干馏特性以及单种煤与配煤低温干馏性能差异和变化规律。结果表明，陕北侏罗纪煤具有较高的焦油产率，配煤在降低煤中含硫量的同时，有利于低温干馏过程的进行和产品质量的提高；此外，在掌握原煤显微组成和低温干馏特性的情况下，可以预测配煤低温干馏产品的相关参数。     

海相烃源岩有机显微组分的样品前处理方法

常规的干酪根处理方法对烃源岩样品中有机质有一定的破坏作用,特别是对含大量浮游生物和动物碎屑的海相烃源岩更是如此,从而对烃源岩中显微组分成因的判识造成人为的困扰。通过反复实验,并对比分析常规干酪根和全岩光薄片处理效果,发现在海相烃源岩干酪根处理过程中将烃源岩样品手工简单破碎,采用弱酸处理,可以较大限度地保持海相烃源岩中有机质的完整性,对有机岩石学研究较为合适。      

Study of petrological characteristics of coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, Wardha valley coalfield, Maharashtra

A detailed study of maceral composition and vitrinite reflectance of the coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, situated in the northwestern extremity of Wardha valley coalfield, Yeotmal district, Maharashtra has been carried out with special reference to their depositional set up. These coals have two distinct types of maceral organization, one having significantly high distribution of the vitrinite group of macerals (35–41%) and the other containing the dominance of inertinite (26–49%). Liptinite maceral group is recorded between 14 and 24%, barring a few coal bands having liptinite maceral group as high as 33–37%. The vitrinite reflectivity ranges from 0.38–0.43%. Thus, they have attained sub-bituminous C rank. Mineral matter in these coals varies between 15 and 22%. The present study suggests that the basin primarily experienced cold climate having intermittent brackish water influx with alternating dry oxidizing spells.     

Study of petrological characteristics of coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area,Wardha valley coalfield,Maharashtra

A detailed study of maceral composition and vitrinite reflectance of the coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, situated in the northwestern extremity of Wardha valley coalfield, Yeotmal district, Maharashtra has been carried out with special reference to their depositional set up. These coals have two distinct types of maceral organization, one having significantly high distribution of the vitrinite group of macerals (35–41%) and the other containing the dominance of inertinite (26–49%). Liptinite maceral group is recorded between 14 and 24%, barring a few coal bands having liptinite maceral group as high as 33–37%. The vitrinite reflectivity ranges from 0.38–0.43%. Thus, they have attained sub-bituminous C rank. Mineral matter in these coals varies between 15 and 22%. The present study suggests that the basin primarily experienced cold climate having intermittent brackish water influx with alternating dry oxidizing spells.     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用：—以宣钢焦化厂原料煤为例

用煤岩学研究方法，对宣钢焦化厂的原料煤进行了煤岩显微组分、荧光和Rr测试，并对其按煤岩学方法配煤，进行了10kg小焦炉试验，结果表明：27号煤可以单煤和部分配煤，所炼的焦炭机械强度M25最高可达85％，M10为10．2％。     

黄陇煤田煤中显微组分与孢粉类型的相关趋势

对陕西黄陇煤田中下侏罗世延安组４号煤进行了煤岩学和孢粉学的详细定量分析，并用计算机对显微组分与孢粉类型之间的的关系作了相关分析，结果表明，煤中显微组分与孢粉类型之间在在相关关采、这种相关关系反映了显微组分的形成与成煤植物之间存在着成因上的联系，即煤中基质状和碎屑状显微组分主要由草本植物和材蕨植物形成，而其细胞结构和条带状的显微组分主要由木本裸子植物形成，，这两种类型显微组分的比值可以反映成煤植被特征。     

Hydrogenation behaviour of coal maceral association

The influence of the intergrowth of macerals on the hydrogenation behaviour of two seam coals from the Ruhr district is investigated. Maceral concentrates of both coals were prepared. The maceral concentrates of each coal were mixed in such a manner, that the composition by macerals corresponded to that of the parent coal. Parent coals, maceral concentrates and the imitated parent coals by mixing maceral concentrates were hydrogenated under the same conditions. Feed materials and residues were characterized petrographically and chemically. Conclusions about the reactivity of the macerals itself, but also of their intergrowths could be drawn from the composition of the hydrogenation residues and of the conversion products. In spite of the same composition by macerals and identic total reflectograms of parent and imitated coals differences in portions and composition of residues were found. While the intergrowth of macerals (microlithotypes) of the low-volatile coal 2 seems to have a positive influence on the conversion of macerals, this seems to be opposite for the higher-volatile coal 1. Probably the lay open of the maceral surfaces has a positive effect on the hydrogenation of coal 2. Vitrinites and exinites proved to be very reactive as could be expected. They yield the highest portions of liquid and gaseous products. Inertinites participate in hydrogenation only with a very restricted reactivity.     

Microfacies and depositional environment of Tertiary Tanjung Enim low rank coal, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia

The South Sumatra basin is among the most important coal producing basins in Indonesia. Results of an organic petrography study on coals from Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra Basin are reported. The studied low rank coals have a mean random huminite reflectance between 0.35% and 0.46% and are dominated by huminite (34.6–94.6 vol.%). Less abundant are liptinite (4.0–61.4 vol.%) and inertinite (0.2–43.9 vol.%). Minerals are found only in small amounts (0–2 vol.%); mostly as iron sulfide.Based on maceral assemblages, the coals can be grouped into five classes: (1) humotelinite-rich group, (2) humodetrinite-rich group, (3) humocollinite-rich group, (4) inertinite-rich group and (5) humodetrinite–liptinite-rich group. Comparing the distribution of maceral assemblages to the maceral or pre-maceral assemblages in modern tropical domed peat in Indonesia reveals many similarities. The basal section of the studied coal seams is represented typically by the humodetrinite–liptinite-rich group. This section might be derived from sapric or fine hemic peat often occurring at the base of modern peats. The middle section of the seams is characterized by humotelinite-rich and humocollinite-rich groups. The precursors of these groups were hemic and fine hemic peats. The top section of the coal seams is typically represented by the humodetrinite-rich or inertinite-rich group. These groups are the counterparts of fibric peat at the top of the modern peats. The sequence of maceral assemblages thus represents the change of topogenous to ombrogenous peat and the development of a raised peat bog.A comparison between the result of detailed maceral assemblage analysis and the paleodepositional environment as established from coal maceral ratio calculation indicates that the use of coal maceral ratio diagrams developed for other coal deposits fails to deduce paleo-peat development for these young tropical coals. In particular, mineral distribution and composition should not be neglected in coal facies interpretations.     

滇东上二叠统煤层煤岩特征及其对瓦斯涌出量的控制

基于滇东上二叠统赋煤区煤层的煤岩学特征、瓦斯含量、瓦斯涌出量及煤矿瓦斯事故统计分析,对研究区煤层的煤岩组成、煤体结构、煤炭筛分试验成果、煤层瓦斯含量和煤矿瓦斯涌出量进行了比对研究。研究表明:煤变质程度、显微煤岩组分、筛分粒级煤及煤的孔隙率等煤岩学特征控制了瓦斯的分布特征,并造成煤矿瓦斯涌出呈现区域性的差异;滇东上二叠统赋煤区瓦斯涌出类型可分为低煤阶均匀涌出型、中煤阶均匀涌出型、中煤阶非均匀突出型、高煤阶均匀涌出型和高煤阶非均匀突出型,且以中煤阶均匀涌出型为主。