Prospect of China's Auroral Fine-structure Imaging System (CAFIS) at Zhongshan station in Antarctica

A new auroral imaging system is reported which is planned to be deployed at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica in the end of 2009.The system will focus on study of optical auroras in small scales and be called China' s Auroral Fine-structure Imaging System(CAFIS).The project of CAFIS is carried out by support of 'the tenth five-year plan for capacity building' of China.CAFIS will be a powerful ground-based platform for aurora observational experiments.Composing and advantages of CAFIS are introduced in this...     

Effective solution algorithm for tomographic inversion of volume emission rate from satellite-based limb measurement

The volume emission rate (VER) of airglow can be used to investigate atmospheric processes. Satellite-based limb measurement of atmosphere is able to obtain the VER profile of airglow with high vertical resolution. However, the traditional one-dimensional retrieval techniques for VER inversion fail to retrieve horizontal structure of VER profile. Thus, the tomographic technique based on the maximum probability is applied to retrieving two-dimensional VER profile of airglow from infrared limb measurement. Th...     

基于暗原色先验去雾算法的研究与改进

在雾天情况下,室外采集到的图像易受到噪声干扰,质量降低,清晰度下降。在对常用的几种图像去雾方法的对比分析及研究的基础上,提出了改进的基于小波变换结合暗原色先验去雾的快速算法。通过小波分解可求出近似环境光,对环境光,大气光的估计,可对原图像进行复原。实验表明,改进的算法不但去雾效果明显,图像色彩丰富,而且可以有效地减少运行时间,提高运行速度。     

Recent Trends in Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Aerosol Optical Depth Together with Simulated Dimethylsulfide in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting climate.The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are studied.The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient.Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons.Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was available.Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L^?1 with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L^?1.DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m^?2 d^?1 with mean of 3.80mmol m^?2 d^?1.Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region.Our results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS.     

中国海陆地质一地球物理系列图的投影设计

1∶500万中国海陆地质-地球物理系列图编图范围广,包括中国陆地及所辖海域以及周边陆地和海域,共涉及8种地质、地球物理专业图.本文介绍了建立本次编图的数学基础即地图投影的过程,讨论了确定系列图投影方式及参数的原则和方法,选择墨卡托和兰伯特等角割圆锥两种常用的保角投影方式做试验,比较了在这两种投影之下系列图范围内编图重点...     

现今绝对板块运动

根据热点假设,热点对于中间层是固定的.相对热点的板块运动叫做绝对板块运动.绝对板块运动模型可以通过反演火山链传播的速率和走向数据以确定相对板块运动在角速度空间的原点来得到.利用一组近来(0～7.8 Ma)全球分布的热点的迁移速率和走向数据,结合板块运动模型NNR-NUVEL1A,已研制出一个叫做APM2的现今绝对板块运动模型.按照该模型,太平洋板块围绕60.063°S、102.210°E处的极以(0.833 0°±0.013 3°)/Ma的速率运动,非洲板块围绕46.849°N、44.372°W的极以(0.101 5°±0.013 4°)/Ma的速率运动,南极板块的运动则以46.871°N、146.942°E为极,速率为(0.084 6°±0.017 7°)/Ma,欧亚板块的运动更慢,极为27.291°N、171.925°W,速率为(0.065 5°±0.020 6°)/Ma.这一模型表明,岩石圈相对深部地幔有一个以49.423°S、90.625°E为极,速率为(0.198 3°±0.013 5°)/Ma的净旋转.表明太平洋热点同印度-大西洋热点不一致,显示太平洋热点的运动也不一致.为了分析和比较,还给出了仅用全球分布的热点的走向数据和仅用印度-大西洋热点的走向数据得到的板块绝对运动的角速度.     

Prospect of China＇ s Auroral Fine-structure Imaging System （CAFIS） at Zhongshan station in Antarctica

A new auroral imaging system is reported which is planned to be deployed at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica in the end of 2009. The system will focus on study of optical auroras in small scales and be called China＇ s Auroral Fine-structure Imaging System （CAFIS）. The project of CAFIS is carried out by support of ＇the tenth five-year plan for capacity building＇ of China. CAFIS will be a powerful groundbased platform for aurora observational experiments. Composing and advantages of CAFIS are introduced in this brief report. Some potential study topics involved CAFIS are also considered.     

Latitudinal distribution of CO2 and CH4 on the route of the Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 2003

1 Introduction From July 10th to September 26, 2003,“Xuelong”scientific expedition icebreaker executed the 2nd Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2003). The voyage star- ted from Shanghai to Dalian via Yellow Sea and Bo Hai and the cruising rout…     

区域气候模式RegCM3对中国夏季降水的模拟

利用意大利国际理论物理中心（ICTP）最新发布的区域气候模式RegCM3检验我国包括青藏高原地区夏季降水的模拟能力。初始值及边界值取自美国国家环境预测中心（NCEP）和国家大气中心（NCAR）的全球再分析资料。模式积分时间为2005年5月1日到2005年8月31日,考虑到模式的“spin-up”时间,只对6月1日-8月31日的模式结果进行分析。模式水平分辨率取为60km,范围包括整个青藏高原在内的我国及周边地区（14°-55°N,70°-140°E）。结果表明：RegCM3具有模拟我国夏季降水主要分布特征的能力,尤其在观测站点稀少的青藏高原地区可提供局地降水分布的较可靠信息。模式较好地模拟了包括整个青藏高原在内的我国区域降水的月际尺度变化和空间分布等基本特征,但对我国东南地区的夏季降水模拟能力有待进一步提高。     

Study on ecological structures of coastal lakes in Antarctic continent

Coastal region on the Antarctic continent, where it is under the influences both of ocean and ice sheet, as well as frequent human activities, could be considered as a fragile zone in Antarctic ecological environment. There are many lakes in coastal region, showing much differences from each other in physical-chemical features because of individual evolutionary history in their geographical environments, and suffering from different outside factors, such as climate changes and precipitation. Thus, it results in respective biological distribution and ecological structure in lakes. The present paper reports the results from the studies of chemical components, species distributions and community structures, which mainly consisted of planktons in lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38＇S, 78°06＇E), and the Larsemann Hills (69°30＇S, 76°20＇E), East Antarctica. It also treats the biological diversities and nutrient relationships of these different types of lakes. So as to provide more scientific basis for monitoring of climate changes and environmental protection in Antarctica.     

“一带一路”国家和地区百年尺度干旱化特征分析

为了充分了解“一带一路”国家和地区百年的干旱变化规律和趋势,探索其干湿变化情况,本文利用标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI（Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index）1901-2013年12个月和3个月尺度的0.5°×0.5°数据,结合线性趋势、PCA主成分分析、Mann-Kenndall非参数检验和小波分析等方法研究多时间尺度下干旱趋势和周期变化特征。结果表明,研究区百年尺度内（1901-2013）干旱指数和面积呈现波动上升趋势,但干旱化进程缓慢,60%以上地区呈现缓慢变湿趋势,SPEI指数发生显著上升地区面积百分比为25.38%,发生显著下降地区面积仅占12.02%。MK检验和PCA分析均显示15°~35°N的中低纬度地区干旱化程度最为严重,主要地区为北非及阿拉伯半岛、伊朗高原,常年呈现显著干旱状态,而俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、印度半岛以及中国和蒙古两国干湿变化季节性特征明显。基于Morlet小波分析的周期分析显示,年际和季节SPEI指数的周期特征既具有相似性,又存在一定的差异性,尺度越小干湿变化交替越明显,尺度越大虽有全局特征但所展示的周期不能通过显著性检验,最终得到可用显著周期年际SPEI变化显著尺度为2~4 a,干旱特征在此尺度的周期中时间变化显著。     

碳排放和减碳的社会经济代价研究进展与方法探究

碳排放和减碳的社会经济影响与代价评估日益受到学术界和决策者的关注,本文综合分析了全球范围内碳排放与减碳社会经济影响的重要科学问题和国内外研究现状,基于卫星最新观测到的全球CO₂非均匀分布的事实,针对温控1.5 ℃和2 ℃阈值情景,探讨了全球二氧化碳非均匀动态分布与地表温度时空关系,全球二氧化碳非均匀动态分布状况下主要国家碳排放空间评价以及温控1.5 ℃和2 ℃阈值情景下中国碳排放和减碳社会经济代价评估等问题可采取的技术模型方案,并提出了构建新气候变化经济学的理论方法与技术体系。本文构建的技术路线和研究方法拟为国家制订各项应对碳排放和减碳战略与对策、减缓气候变化并实现可持续转型、提升中国在应对气候变化领域的国际话语权等方面提供决策支持。     

Distribution and Susceptibility Assessment of Collapses and Landslides in the Riparian Zone of the Xiaowan Reservoir

The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir(XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head' meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of Lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides(CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone(WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°– 45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of Lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.     

Sea ice thickness and concentration in Arctic obtaining from remote sensing images

1　Introduction TheArcticOceanisoneoftheimportantcoldregionsontheearth,whichcanaffect globalclimateandoceancirculationseriously.Itsinteractionwiththeglobalclimatesystem isrepresentedbyseaice,whichisthemainfeatureonthesurfaceoftheArcticOcean(Aa gaardandCarmack1989).First,seaiceplaysapivotalroleintheheatandmassbalance onthesurfaceoftheArcticOcean.Seaicenotonlyobstructstheheatexchangebetweenat mosphereandocean,butalsoreflectsmostsolarradiationbacktotheatmospherebecause ofitshighalbedo(Gre…     

THE RESUSPENSION RATE OF SEDIMENTS IN 32°N SECTION ON THE EAST CHINA SEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅ“ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔ”ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉ ｃａｎｔｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌａｖｅｒａｇｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (Ｄｅｔｅｒ,1 978) ,ｈａｓｄｒａｗｎｔｈｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈａｔｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎ’ｓｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｔｏａｂｓｏｒ…     

近30年西北太平洋热带气旋时空特征分析

 本文利用近30年热带气旋年鉴建立了西北太平洋热带气旋灾害数据库,以.NET和ArcGIS Engine搭建了二次开发平台(其包括登录界面、图查属性、 属性查图、数据库分析处理等功能),分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的时间特征、空间特征,以及时空变化特征。结果表明,30年来西北太平洋共生成905次热带气旋,年均30.2次/年。其中,7-10月最容易发生热带气旋,占所有热带气旋的35.7%,8月份达到峰值,达21.5%,2月最不容易发生热带气旋,发生频率仅为0.6%,而8-10月是强台风和超强台风发生的月份。热带气旋源地集中区位于(10°~22°N,112°~120°E)、(8°~20°N,126°~134°E)和(6°~20°N,136°~150°E),具有纬度带和经度带的分布特性。源地的空间分布存在明显的季节变化和月变化特征,在季节尺度上,夏季主要集中在偏北偏西位置,并向南向东偏移,冬季向北向西偏移;在月尺度上,1-4月源地相对分散;5-6月相对于1-4月的源地位置发生向西向北方向转移;7月向东向北扩散,8-9月向西扩散,9月源地相对集中,10月热带气旋源地南移, 11-12月热带气旋源地范围明显减小。     

基于成像测井的泥页岩裂缝研究:以焦石坝区块为例

富有机质泥页岩裂缝类型及其发育分布特征是影响页岩气聚集与散失的重要因素。基于岩心观测和高分辨微电阻率成像测井（FMI）,对焦石坝区块2口关键井（JYA井和JYB井）裂缝发育特征进行了精细标定与定量解释,并在此基础上联合含气性资料简要探讨了裂缝对页岩含气性的影响。研究结果表明,JYA井和JYB井主力层段及下伏地层裂缝差异较小,均以层理缝为主,但上覆盖层具有明显差异。JYA井上覆盖层天然裂缝发育程度较低,以高阻缝为主,高导缝和断层次之,三者的倾角变化范围分别为20.31°~75.83°（平均44.65°）、16.65°~61.17°（平均39.43°）和36.41°。裂缝线密度最高为0.6条/m,其中断层仅为0.025条/m,页岩系统封闭能力较好,压裂投产为高产井。JYB井上覆盖层天然裂缝发育程度较高,且以断层为主,高阻缝和高导缝次之,三者的倾角分别介于13.71°~72.23°（平均37°）、6.9°~78.49°（平均37.9°）和13.53°~61°（平均32°）之间。裂缝线密度高达0.98条/m,其中断层线密度约为0.654条/m,页岩系统封闭能力较差,压裂投产为低产井。裂缝发育类型及其程度决定了不同区块页岩气保存条件与页岩气富集程度。      

全球温升1.5℃和2.0℃情景下中国降雨诱发地质灾害危险性和人口暴露度评估研究

气候变化情景下极端降水事件的频次和强度预估呈增加趋势,这会导致全球部分地区极端降雨诱发地质灾害风险的增加。本文基于中国降雨诱发地质灾害易发性模型和不同地貌分区的累积事件降雨量-降雨历时阈值曲线,采用最新的CMIP6全球气候模式多模式集合结果,基于全球温升目标情景的视角,从地质灾害空间易发性和发生频次两方面,探讨温升情景下中国地质灾害危险性的可能变化及其对暴露人口的潜在影响。结果表明,CMIP6多模式集合预估的多年平均降水在温升1.5℃和2.0℃情景下相比基准时期可能增加5.4%～9.5%,导致中等至极高地质灾害易发区范围预估增加0.33%～0.74%,由于预估的极端降水事件增加,地质灾害发生频次预估增加7.0%～11.2%,进一步综合未来人口空间分布,潜在地质灾害暴露人口可能增加6.20亿人次（18.90%）和4.26亿人次（12.97%）。各地貌分区未来情景下地质灾害危险性预估增加且存在显著的空间异质性,温升2.0℃情景下中等至极高易发性范围相比基准时期增加0.71%～1.28%,地质灾害发生频次预估增加1.2%～15.6%,其中,青藏高原区地质灾害危险性增加最明显。综合考虑未来人口...     

Dicroerisma (Actiniscales, Dinophyceae) in the open Pacific Ocean, a gymnodinioid dinoflagellate with an endoskeleton

This study is the first to describe and illustrate the dinoflagellate genus Dicroerisma in the open Pacific Sea and in the southern hemisphere.Eleven individuals ascribed to Dicroerisma psilonereiella were encountered in subsurface waters(>70 m depth) from 34°N to 33°S.Another specimen that differs from the type is also illustrated.These findings reveal that Dicroerisma is a widespread genus and that there is tentative existence of another species within the genus.     

Lithostructural controls in Douala-Buea Region landscape(SW Cameroon margin): Insights from morphometric analysis

The Douala-Buea Region(DBR;4°-5°N,9°-10°30’E),a portion of the southern Cameroon passive margin,developed on the Proterozoic granito-gneissic basement and the Cretaceous to Recent volcanosedimentary cover,was explored in order to evaluate the lithology and tectonics controls on its landscape usingthequalitativeandquantitative geomorphological analyses based on 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEM)and field evidences.This area displays an uneven and complex landscape differentiated into four morphological units:Douala,Nkondjock,Kumba and Buea Units.The Douala Unit corresponds to the Coastal Plain and is extended on the Douala-Kribi/Camposedimentarybasin.The Nkondjock Unit represents a middle plateau developed on a Proterozoic granito-gneissic basement.The Kumba Unit matches with the southernmost volcanic Western Cameroon High Plateau.The Buea Unit corresponds to the Mount Cameroon stratovolcano.The relief analysis through mountain-front sinuosity(Smf,1.19–1.43)and relative relief ratio(Rr,0.10–2.31)vary from one unit to another.The drainage network analysis including drainage patterns,stepped longitudinalriverprofiles,theassociated morphometric indexes,notably the concavity index(IC,0.56–0.88),deviation(D,267–2912 m),basin asymmetry factor(A_F,6.37–42.12),hypsometric integral(HI,0.10–0.29),valley floor width to valley height ratio(V_f,0.36–2.75),elongation ratio(R_e,0.30–0.50),watershed slope(S,6.88–88.88)and stream length gradient index(SL,0–3332)vary from one basin to another too.These results also show the heterogeneous and uneven DBR landscape controlled by its lithology and active tectonics.The drainage system reveals concave to concavo-convex longitudinal river profile shapes with knick points,asymmetric basins,and fault reactivations,and highlights the tectonics activity that used to occur through the time and their control on the morphology.Together,they document the lithostructural controls on the DBR landscape evolution,extendable in the whole SW Cameroon margin.