大鹏湾赤潮多发区的叶绿素a分布与环境关系初探

根据１９９０－１９９１年大鹏湾盐海田域４个测站的观测资料分析结果表明，大鹏湾赤潮我发区海水中叶绿素α含量的测值范围为０．０６－８．２８ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，平均为１．３３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。季切平均值以春，秋季较高，夏，冬季较低；表层的叶绿素α含量稍高于底层。采用多元逐步回归分析得知，影响叶绿素α含量变化的主要因子是Ｆｅ，ＣＯＤ，ｓ，其次是ＤＯ，ｔ，Ｔｂ；此，Ｍｎ，Ｓｉ（ＯＨ）４，ＰＯ４，ＮＯ２与叶绿素α的分布     

生长素QS在钝顶螺旋藻养殖中的应用

钝段螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓＧｅｉｔｌｅｒ）培养在低浓度ＮａＨＣＯ３（２～５ｇ／ｄｍ＾３）和适量生长素ＱＳ（０．５～５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３）中,研究了生长素ＱＳ对钝顶螺旋藻生长、生物量和生化组成的影响,结果表明,在生长素ＱＳ为１ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３,ＮａＨＣＯ３浓度为５ｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,钝顶螺旋藻的生长最好,生物量、蛋白质及总碳水化合物的含量也与主浓度ＮａＨＣＯ３（８ｇ／ｄｍ＾３）培养条件下的基本相同,说明生物素ＱＳ的加入在一定程度上可降低ＮａＨＣＯ３的使用量,而不影响钝顶螺旋藻生长、生物量和生化组成。因而生长素ＱＳ在钝顶螺旋灌的养殖中可作为ＮａＨＣＯ３部分替代剂,从而达到降低养殖成本的目的。     

台湾海峡西部海水二氧化碳体系各分量与环境因子的相关性

据１９８４年５月至１９８５年２月调查资料，计算了该水体中二氧化碳体系各分量的含量，研究了它们与ｐＨ，ＨＣＯ＾－３／ＣＯ＾２－３，Ａｌｋ，ＤＩＮ，ＰＯ＾３－４－９，Ｃｈｌ－ａＤＯ，Ｓ，ｔ等环境因子的相关性。结果表明ＰＣＯ３，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＨＣＯ＾－３，ＣＯ＾２－３与ｐＨ，ＨＣＯ＾－３／ＣＯ＾２－３呈极显著的线性相关；ＨＣＯ＾－３，ＣＯ＾２－３ΣＣＯ２与Ａｌｋ也呈非常显著的线性相关。     

宁波及其邻近海域沉积物释放耗氧有机物（COD）的初步研究

本文通过对城市污水纳污海区沉积物样品释放有机物的研究，初步揭示了沉积物释放耗氧有机物（ＣＯＤ）的一般规律。研究表明宁波海域沉积物释放ＣＯＤ的范围在０．１５×１０－３～０．８０×１０－３之间，释放速率平均为１０３．９ｍｇ／（ｍ２．ｄ）；舟山沈家门附近海域沉积物释放ＣＯＤ速率平均为２５３．１ｍｇ（ｍ２·ｄ）。沉积物释放ＣＯＤ的量与沉积物中有机质的含量成正比，而其释放速率与沉积物有机质的含量关系不大。     

对虾养殖生态系有机质含量及其不同测定方法的数值比较

对５个对虾养殖围隔生态系有机质含量及其不同测定方法所得结果进行了比较研究。结果表明：有机质总量波动在７．５６￣１９．７６ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＴＣＯ）或４．７６￣６．２５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＣＯＤ）,平均为１３．０５±２．８５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＴＯＣ）或５．５２±０．４０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＣＯＤ）。总有机质中,溶解有机质所占比例为７６％（ＤＯＣ／ＴＯＣ）或８２％（ＤＣＯＤ／ＣＯＤ）;溶解有机质与颗粒有机质的比例     

厌氧接触消化技术处理高浓度淀粉废水研究

实验采用厌氧接触消化技术，分别在中温（３２℃）和自然温度条件下处理淀粉厂的高浓度废水。结果表明，采用中温厌氧消化可取得较好的处理效果，原水不调ｐＨ（原水ｐＨ为４．０～４．９）直接进反应器，容积负荷最高达５．０６ｋｇＣＯＤｃｒ／ｍ３·ｄ，进水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均１１．６０４×１０３ｍｇ／ｌ，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均１．７７８×１０３ｍｇ／ｌ，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达８５．８％，出水ｐＨ提高到６．４～７．０。采用自然温度消化，当气温大于２４℃时，可取得较好的处理效果     

台湾海峡西部海域水体中的二氧化碳体系

据１９８４年５月至１９８５年２月的调查资料，计算了该水体中二氧化碳体系各要素的统计值，着重研究了它们的季节变化及其与水文，化学和生物因子的关系。结果表明该水体中ＰＣＯ２，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＣＯ＾２＾－３，ＨＣＯ３，∑ＣＯ２，ＣＯ＾２＾－３／∑ＣＯ２，ＨＣＯ３／∑ＣＯ２，ＨＣＯ２，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＣＯ＾２＾－３，∑ＣＯ２／Ｃｌ，Ωｃ，Ωａ和Ｃ：Ｎ：Ｐ平均值依次分别为２５１ｄＰａ，８．４３μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ×３     

条斑紫菜对无机碳的利用

于１９９８年３月在青岛太平角采集条斑紫菜,在室内光照强度为１２０μＥ／（ｍ~２·ｓ）的培养架上培养,通过测定其光合作用引起密闭海水体系ｐＨ值及无机碳浓度的变化,借助于各种无机碳利用的抑制剂（Ａｚ、Ｖａｎ、ＤＩＤＳ、ＳＩＴＳ）对其无机碳利用机制进行了研究。结果表明,（１）条斑紫菜可间接吸收ＨＣＯ~（－）_（３）。胞外碳酸醉酶（ＣＡ）催化ＨＣＯ~（－）_（３）水解成ＣＯ_２扩散进入胞内是条斑紫菜无机碳利用的主要形式,占全部无机碳利用的７３％以上。Ａｚ是胞外ＣＡ的抑制剂,可直接检测胞外ＣＡ的存在,它不能透过细胞膜。（２）条斑紫菜可依赖于细胞膜上ＡＴＰ酶对ＨＣＯ~（－）_（３）直接转运。但未发现带Ⅲ蛋白（ｂａｎｄ ３ Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）及 Ｎａ~＋／ＨＣＯ_（３）~（－）协同转运系统的参与。（３）条斑紫菜ｐＨ值补偿点为９．８３,ＣＯ_２补偿点为０．０４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

台湾海峡真光层有机碳动力学研究

１９９４年８月和１９９５年２月在台湾地ＤＯＣ作定点连续观测，发现ＤＯＣ日变化很大（２－４ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３），且变化的幅度有季节差异和空间差异；ＤＯＣ昼夜变化的 规律是白天比晚上高，夜晚始终和于低值；依据ＤＯＣ的昼夜变化可将ＤＯＣ分为ＤＯＣｎｅｗ和ＤＯＣｏｌｄ两部分；ＤＯＣｎｅｗ在真光层中快速地产生、消耗、再循环；ＤＯＣｏｌｄ则相对稳定，可从真光层底部输出；ＤＯＣ的快速变化表明ＤＯＣ的产生和被细菌消耗     

EDTA对罗非鱼嗅觉的影响及其解毒作用

将５种浓度的ＥＤＴＡ和９种含有不同比例的重金属离子、ＥＤＴＡ混合液分别灌注罗非鱼嗅囊,观测这些溶液中甲硫氨酸引起的嗅电图的影响,研究ＥＤＴＡ对重金属染毒钱瓣可行性和最佳配方,并探讨了其可能机理,结果如下：（１）ＥＤＴＡ对ＥＯＧ有抑制和促进两方面影响。当浓度低于３７２ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,ＥＤＴＡ抑制ＥＯＧ反应、浓度越低,抑制作用越明显。当浓度大于３７２ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,则促进ＥＯＧ反应,浓度越高,促进     

大亚湾水体中溶解的碳水化合物

根据1985年10月至1986年8月对大亚湾进行的环境调查,本文报道海水中溶解的碳水化合物(DCHO)的调查结果,讨论了该海区DCHO的分布特征及季节性变化。对DCHO和叶绿素a、磷酸盐、溶解氧、颗粒有机碳、温度以及盐度之间进行了相关分析,综合探讨了影响D-CHO含量变化的因素。结果表明,浮游植物在大亚湾水体中DCHO的浓度调节方面起着主要的作用。     

Seasonal variations and distributions of dissolved free and total carbohydrates at the İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea

Seasonal variations and distributions of dissolved carbohydrate concentrations at the İzmir Bay were investigated with salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl a), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels to understand their relationships. Samples were collected from surface, subsurface and bottom depths at seven stations. DOC concentrations ranged from 32.2 to 244.2 μmol/L, and in general, DOC levels increased from winter to summer, then slightly decreased in autumn. Monosaccharide (MCHO), polysaccharide (PCHO) and total dissolved carbohydrate (TDCHO) levels were found between 0.7-8.3, 0.7-19.5, and 2.6-24.6 μmol/L. DOC, MCHO, PCHO and TDCHO levels were found higher in middle-inner bays, under the influence of anthropogenic inputs, compared to outer bay. Seasonal changes of MCHO/DOC, PCHO/DOC and TDCHO/DOC ratios were statistically significant (p<0.05) and the ratios showed decrease trends from winter to summer-autumn seasons. Distributions of TDCHO/DOC ratios at wide ranges (2.5%-42.3%) indicated the presence of newly forming and degrading fractions of DOM. According to results of factor analysis, Chl a, MCHO and TDCHO were explained in the same factor groups. In conclusion, the results showed that dissolved carbohydrate levels in the İzmir Bay might be influenced by biological processes and terrestrial/anthropogenic inputs.     

Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay

The concentrations of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in dissolved (≤0.45μm) and colloidal (1 kDa—0.45 μm) phases were measured in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay, TX, in order to study their role in heavy metal detoxification. The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO) in Galveston Bay ranged from 13 to 62 μM-C, and those of dissolved polysaccharides (PCHO) ranged from 10 to 42 μM-C. On average, MCHO and PCHO contributed about 11% and 7% to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), respectively. The colloidal carbohydrates (CCHO) in Galveston Bay varied from 7 to 54 μM-C, and accounted for 9% to 24% of the colloidal organic carbon (COC), with an average value of 17%, suggesting that CCHO is abundant in the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction of DOC. The concentration of CCHO is generally significantly higher than that of PCHO. This result is attributed to entrainment of low molecular weight (LMW) carbohydrates into the retentate fraction during ultrafiltration. The concentration of total dissolved uronic acids (DUA) in the same samples varied from 1.0 to 8.3 μM-C, with an average value of 6.1 μM-C, while the colloidal uronic acids (CUA) ranged from 0.8 to 6.4 μM-C, with an average value of 4.8 μM-C. The concentrations of DUA are higher than the previously reported values in coastal waters. Furthermore, CUA represent a dominant component of DUA in Galveston Bay waters. More importantly, significant correlations of PCHO and DUA to dissolved Cu concentrations (≤0.45 μm) were found, suggesting that acid polysaccharides were produced in response to trace metal stressors.     

Particulate carbohydrates and uronic acids in the northern East China Sea

Carbohydrate species, such as uronic acids, play an important role in oceanic carbon cycling, coagulation and adsorption processes. Concentrations of particulate carbohydrates (PCHO) and uronic acids (PURA) were measured in the northern East China Sea (ECS) during June and November, 2006. In June, maximum concentrations of PCHO and PURA were observed in the surface layer of coastal waters. Their concentrations rapidly decreased with depth, suggesting that they are both bio-reactive. Moreover, phytoplankton abundance and bacterial biomass seem to be associated with observed PCHO and PURA concentrations in the ECS during June, suggesting that production of carbohydrate species in the ECS is regulated by phytoplankton assemblages, bacterial assimilation or degradation. In November, however, PCHO and PURA concentrations were homogenous within the water column due to strong vertical mixing. No strong correlations were observed between carbohydrate species (PCHO and PURA) and phytoplankton or bacterial biomass, suggesting that production of these compounds in November might be caused by the physiological difference between nutrient limited and non-nutrient limited phytoplankton. Furthermore, strong negative correlations between nutrients and PCHO species suggest that nutrient levels may be one of the driving forces behind the production of these compounds in the ECS.     

东太湖水环境质量调查及保护对策

根据１９９１年２月－１９９４年１０月对太湖的水质监测，分析了东太湖水质现状、变化及发展趋势，并提出一些保护水质的对策。适当网围养鱼对东太湖水质影响不大，相反可延缓东太湖的沼泽和富营养化进程。     

吲哚乙酸对微拟球藻生长和脂肪酸含量的影响

研究不同浓度吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-Acetic Acid,IAA)对微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)生长和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:在0.1 mg/L时,低于0.5 mg/L时IAA促进微拟球藻生长,但不影响叶绿素和不饱和脂肪酸合成;IAA促进生长作用最显著,最大比生长率为2.33 d-1。随浓度进一步增加,IAA促生长作用越来越小,并抑制叶绿素和不饱和脂肪酸合成;在5 mg/L时,IAA极显著抑制EPA合成。添加适当浓度IAA可促进藻细胞生长,缩短其生长周期。     

Distributions and seasonal variations of dissolved carbohydrates in the Jiaozhou Bay,China

Surface seawater samples were collected in the Jiaozhou Bay, a typical semi-closed basin located at the western part of the Shandong Peninsula, China, during four cruises. Concentrations of monosaccharides (MCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO) and total dissolved carbohydrates (TCHO) were measured with the 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine spectroscopic method. Concentrations of TCHO varied from 10.8 to 276.1 μM C for all samples and the ratios of TCHO to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 1.1 to 67.9% with an average of 10.1%. This result indicated that dissolved carbohydrates were an important constituent of DOC in the surface seawater of the Jiaozhou Bay. In all samples, the concentrations of MCHO ranged from 2.9 to 65.9 μM C, comprising 46.1 ± 16.6% of TCHO on average, while PCHO ranged from 0.3 to 210.2 μM C, comprising 53.9 ± 16.6% of TCHO on average. As a major part of dissolved carbohydrates, the concentrations of PCHO were higher than those of MCHO. MCHO and PCHO accumulated in January and July, with minimum average concentration in April. The seasonal variation in the ratios of TCHO to DOC was related to water temperature, with high values in January and low values in July and October. The concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates displayed a decreasing trend from the coastal to the central areas. Negative correlations between concentrations of TCHO and salinity in July suggested that riverine input around the Jiaozhou Bay had an important effect on the concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates in surface seawater. The pattern of distributions of MCHO and PCHO reported in this study added to the global picture of dissolved carbohydrates distribution.     

基于GOCI静止水色卫星数据的长江口及邻近海域Kd(490)遥感反演及其在机载激光测深预评估中的应用

长江口水下三角洲地形地貌对于长江口航道安全、生态环境、海岸带工程等均具有重要意义,本次研究拟采用世界上第一颗静止水色卫星GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)开展长江口Kd(490)的季节和潮汐变化规律研究,以期为采用机载激光测深提供预评估信息。研究得到结论如下:长江口及邻近海域水体为典型的二类水体,悬浮泥沙含量最高可由杭州湾内几千mg/L迅速降低至10 mg/L以下,因此,分段式的漫衰减系数反演算法适用于研究区域;Kd(490)反演结果表明长江口及邻近海域的Kd(490)值的季节变化特征表现为冬高夏低,春秋居中,长江冲淡水流量和季风是影响其季节变化的主要因素,而在一个潮周期内,Kd(490)值总体表现为低潮期低于高潮期,悬浮泥沙浓度和潮水的潮位是长江口及邻近海域的Kd(490)值的重要影响因素;研究指出,长江口及杭州湾内激光可探测深度约在5~22 m范围内,夏季退潮低潮位最适合激光雷达观测。由此可见,GOCI 8景/d,1景/h的分辨率可以实现Kd(490)的动态变化监控,而且可以实现在相同潮位下更为合理地描述Kd(490)值的季节变化,为机载激光雷达探测的进一步开展提供了技术支持。     

刘公岛水域内叶绿素-α含量和初级生产力

据1990年11月至1991年8月间调查资料，提出刘公岛水域内叶绿素－a含量的时空分布和初级生产力的分布与变化。指出此分布与该水域温度和营养盐含量密切相关。叶绿素－a含量以春季最高，冬季次之，秋季稍低，夏季最低。年变幅为0．21～2．45mg／m3，年平均值为1．02mg／m3。初级生产力以夏季最高，春季次之，秋季略低，冬季最低，年变幅为33．40～512．72mg·c／m2·d，年平均值为181．15mg·c／m2·d。     

山东半岛东部诸岛水域叶绿素—a含量和初级生产力

据１９９０．１１－１９９１年８月期间，山东半岛东部诸岛水域调查资料，分析了该水域叶绿素－ａ含量的时空分布和初级生产力的分布与变化，此分布与该水域的温度和营养盐水含量密切相关。叶绿素－ａ含量的季节变化分三种类型，年变幅为０．１１－１２．８１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，年平均值为１．１７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。初级生产力夏季〉春季〉秋季〉冬季，年变幅为２３．００－７９１．６０ｍｇ．ｃ／ｍ＾２．ｄ年平均为１５２．０ｍｇ．ｃ／ｍ