海洋调查中水下目标位置的确定

介绍了海洋调查中测量设备拖曳体(拖鱼)的三种定位方法：舷挂式、LAYBACK方式和超短基线方式;分析了不同定位方法确定水下目标位置的差异,并进行了精度估计。     

基于相关性分析的水下定位异常数据校正及丢失数据修补方法

超短基线是实现水下拖体设备精确导航定位的必备设备,是目前我国在国际海底区域进行资源深入调查研究的重要装备。受水声信号传播损失、多径效应和其它设备噪声等因素的影响,超短基线水下定位数据存在诸多异常点,已严重影响水下定位数据的可信度和使用。针对该问题,本文提出并实现了一种基于相关性分析的剔除随机异常点和回归填充改正算法,并采用国际海底区域实测水下定位数据对算法可靠性进行了验证,同时采用模拟仿真方法对小时间尺度的定位数据进行了预测对比,取得较好效果。结果表明,该算法快捷、有效,有望在后续国际海底区域调查中推广应用,为国际海底资源调查水下装备的准确定位提供直接服务。     

HiPAP 100水下定位系统在海底摄像中的应用

分析了HiPAP100高精度声学定位系统及其水下定位原理,阐述了影响水声传播的因素及HiPAP100的解决办法,介绍了水下定位系统在我国海洋区域地质调查海底摄像测站作业中的应用,分析比较海底摄像常规定位与HiPAP100超短基线的定位精度,说明水下定位在海底摄像等水下拖曳和定点作业中的必要性和重要性。     

超短基线定位系统在深拖探测中的应用

作为水下探测设备的载体,深拖系统可长时间大范围的进行海洋调查,其水下位置的准确与否,将直接关系到探测资料的可用度。该文从深拖水下导航定位的关键技术问题出发,总结了适用于深拖系统的水下定位方法,重点介绍了具备高稳定度、高精度等诸多优点的超短基线声学定位系统。结合实例,阐述了超短基线定位工作原理、误差分析及数据处理方法,在拖曳系统匀速直线运动状态下,基于抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波算法对超短基线定位数据进行了处理,滤除了定位数据中的跳点,得到了较平滑且与原始数据相吻合的滤波数据。     

水下声学主动定位技术及其在载人潜水器上的应用

水下声学主动定位技术通过声应答的方式实现水下目标定位,主要分为长基线、短基线和超短基线等三种定位系统。它是海洋开发领域中的一个非常重要的组成部分,为水下目标探测、定位跟踪、海底地形勘探和水下遥控作业等各种高精度工作提供技术支持。在探讨以上三种水下声学主动定位技术的同时,并以"蛟龙号"为例,分析其在载人潜水器上的应用。     

深海拖曳系统定位技术及其应用与展望

阐述了海洋地球物理导航和水下声学导航等水下定位的技术方法,着重探讨了水声定位在深拖系统定位中的应用。分别简述了3种传统的声学定位系统的优缺点,并详尽介绍了超短基线定位系统,分别举例说明市场上典型产品的性能及应用情况,指出了在水下拖体导航中有待解决的关键技术问题及其发展方向,重点介绍了当前水下拖体定位技术发展的新方向,认为组合式声学导航和融合导航将成为未来的研究热点。     

超短基线定位的海上应用及精度评估

超短基线定位系统可以为水下调查设备提供精确的定位信息,是当今海洋探测工作必不可少的装备。超短基线定位系统的定位结果包含了多种来源的误差影响,对超短基线定位数据进行有效的处理是保证水下精确定位的前提。本文通过对超短基线基阵进行校准,并对其定位精度进行精度评估,对海上应用采集到的数据进行处理分析,对原始数据中出现的跳点进行剔除、滤波处理,得到较可靠的水下定位结果。     

超短基线定位原理及校正方法研究

通过探讨超短基线和GPS技术相结合的三维立体定位原理,分析超短基线定位误差来源,如安装偏差、声速误差、船姿态变化引起的偏差等,利用以最小二乘法为理论基础的动态校正法对超短基线定位误差进行了修正,将校正前后的定位数据标准偏差和剩余偏差处理后对比发现,这种方法可以极大地提高水下目标定位的精度,减少定位的误差,这也在实际应用...     

水下拖体声学超短基线定位测量及其卡尔曼滤波技术

水声超短基线定位技术是探测水下目标的有效手段。超短基线定位测得的原始数据具有不同程度的随机离散性。为了得到能够真实反映目标运动轨迹变化的坐标数据 ,本文应用了卡尔曼滤波技术来处理定位原始数据 ,取得了良好的结果     

抗差卡尔曼滤波及其在超短基线水下定位中的应用

基于测距定向原理的超短基线定位系统具有集成度高、操作简便的优势,但在缺少多余观测量的动态定位环境下,受外围传感器的可靠性和水声信号的传播特性的影响,超短基线定位结果中经常出现超出定位精度要求的粗差。为抑制粗差对定位精度的影响,本文提出了采用抗差卡尔曼滤波处理超短基线水下定位数据中的粗差,重点对比分析了目前国际上经典的Huber、IGG1、IGG3等价权函数的抗差滤波效果。利用Sonardyne Ranger 2超短基线采集的数据进行实验分析,实验结果表明,经典卡尔曼滤波受粗差影响严重,采用IGG系列权函数的抗差卡尔曼滤波方法可以有效降低粗差影响。     

Underwater Terrain Positioning Method Based on Least Squares Estimation for AUV

To achieve accurate positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles, an appropriate underwater terrain database storage format for underwater terrain-matching positioning is established using multi-beam data as underwater terrainmatching data. An underwater terrain interpolation error compensation method based on fractional Brownian motion is proposed for defects of normal terrain interpolation, and an underwater terrain-matching positioning method based on least squares estimation(LSE) is proposed for correlation analysis of topographic features. The Fisher method is introduced as a secondary criterion for pseudo localization appearing in a topographic features flat area, effectively reducing the impact of pseudo positioning points on matching accuracy and improving the positioning accuracy of terrain flat areas. Simulation experiments based on electronic chart and multi-beam sea trial data show that drift errors of an inertial navigation system can be corrected effectively using the proposed method. The positioning accuracy and practicality are high, satisfying the requirement of underwater accurate positioning.     

Underwater Terrain Positioning Method Based on Least Squares Estimation for AUV

To achieve accurate positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles, an appropriate underwater terrain database storage format for underwater terrain-matching positioning is established using multi-beam data as underwater terrain-matching data. An underwater terrain interpolation error compensation method based on fractional Brownian motion is proposed for defects of normal terrain interpolation, and an underwater terrain-matching positioning method based on least squares estimation (LSE) is proposed for correlation analysis of topographic features. The Fisher method is introduced as a secondary criterion for pseudo localization appearing in a topographic features flat area, effectively reducing the impact of pseudo positioning points on matching accuracy and improving the positioning accuracy of terrain flat areas. Simulation experiments based on electronic chart and multi-beam sea trial data show that drift errors of an inertial navigation system can be corrected effectively using the proposed method. The positioning accuracy and practicality are high, satisfying the requirement of underwater accurate positioning.     

Cross-over error and reference station location for a marine magnetic survey

A marine magnetic survey was conducted over the Dellwood Knolls area of the northeast Pacific in September 1977 using a proton precession magnetometer and Loran-C positioning. Geomagnetic field reference stations were located at Victoria and Port Hardy. In addition, a recently developed ocean bottom magnetometer was deployed in the survey area. The cross-over error, a measure of survey accuracy, and the factors contributing to it are discussed. In high magnetic gradient regions, the part of the error related to the uncertainty in ship position implies that the repeatability of the Loran-C navigation system is of the order of 30 metres. Part of the error is also due to time variations of the geomagnetic field. This latter effect can be significantly reduced by correcting to a well located reference station. Because of the areal distribution of the geomagnetic coast effect, a land station close to the survey area may not be as effective as a more distant site. Referencing to an ocean bottom magnetometer, at least to moderate levels of disturbance, is comparable to correcting to a well located land station. Using a combination of land and ocean bottom reference data produced a reduction in the cross-over error from 25 to 11 nT for this survey, effectively removing the geomagnetic variation term. This technique should prove even more useful for surveys conducted during periods of higher geomagnetic activity.Contribution from the Earth Physics Branch No. 824.     

Positioning accuracy of the Data Collection Platform through the translocation and orbit correction method

A new algorithm has been developed to determine the position of a Data Collection Platform (DCP) that is used for the ARGOS Localization and Data Collection System. The algorithm uses an estimation scheme to correct the orbital parameters to achieve accurate positioning of the NOAA meteorological satellite. It is proved that the positioning accuracy of a DCP by the method of orbital Paramater correction is superior to the translocation method.Positioning of a moving DCP was also attempted by installing a DCP on board a vessel.     

水下地貌调查测量精度提高方法研究

海洋调查中,为确保调查信息与实际位置相匹配,提高调查成果的可信度,必须提高作业船拖曳调查设备的定位精度。论述了基于超短基线（USBL）水声定位与差分全球定位系统（DGPS）组合的新方法,消除了因作业船频繁变向、潮流的流向及流速等造成的调查设备位置的测量误差,成功地解决了调查信息错位,提高了海底地貌调查的定位测量精度,实用性较强。     

区域电离层延迟的时空变化分析

GPS在差分导航、车载导航和RTK的应用中,精确修正电离层延迟是决定测量定位结果能否达到精度要求的重要因素。利用GPS接收机综合检定场的登封、洛阳、梅山、平顶山和西安5个基准站2002年3月23日的部分观测数据,利用双频组合技术研究分析了郑州及周边地区电离层延迟的时空变化及其时空相关性,并在此基础上讨论了区域差分的可行性和即将广泛应用于城市控制测量中的RTK技术的可行性。     

用于拆平台的双船协同动力定位试验研究

大型海洋结构物的退役和拆除是油气行业面临的一个巨大挑战。双船起重拆除法提供了一种低成本、高效、灵活的解决方案,该方案采用两艘具有动力定位功能的半潜运输船从平台两侧将平台上层组块托起,随后协同托举运输至第三艘半潜运输船上后转运送至陆地。在这个过程中涉及到两艘及三艘船的协同动力定位作业,这对动力定位系统的同步性具有很高要求。多船近距离协同动力定位会受到螺旋桨与螺旋桨、船体与船体及螺旋桨与船体之间的干扰,动力定位的性能会受到影响。为此开展了相应的水池模型试验研究,对复杂环境下多船协同动力定位性能进行了分析,包括定位精度、功率消耗等,并对动力定位风险点进行了深入研究,验证了双船起重拆除法的可行性,并对实际工程的施工提供一定指导意见。     

Coupled dynamic analysis of deep-sea mining support vessel with dynamic positioning

Deep-sea mining (DSM) is an advanced concept. A simulation method of coupled vessel/riser/body system in DSM combined with dynamic positioning (DP) is proposed. Based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory, lumped mass method, and Morison’s equations the dynamic models of the production support vessel, riser and slurry pump are established. A proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller with a nonlinear observer and a thrust allocation unit are used to simulate the DP system. Coupled time domain simulation is implemented with the vessel operated in two DP modes. Results of the vessel and pump motions, riser tension, and thruster forces are obtained. It shows that the pump will be lifted by the riser when the vessel is chasing the next set point. Riser tension is influenced by the wave frequency motions of the vessel in positioning mode and low-frequency motions in tracking mode. The proposed simulation scheme is practical to study the DSM operation.