武山蛇绿岩的特征、同位素年代及其地质意义

武山蛇绿岩位于北秦岭西段、商丹断裂西延之北，岩石组成主要为超基性岩、变质的基性侵入岩、枕状玄武岩及大理岩。变玄武岩的岩石地球化学特征显示为钙碱性玄武岩，形成于大陆裂谷至初始洋盆环境，其Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1570Ma，反映原始岩浆形成中元古代，属大陆地壳演化早期的蛇绿岩。     

新疆北天山拜辛德-吉吾恰依一带蛇绿岩地球化学特征研究

为探讨北天山拜辛德-吉吾恰依一带蛇绿岩的形成环境,对该带内辉长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明,辉长岩的形成年龄为336.2±2.3 Ma,说明辉长岩形成于早石炭世。岩石地球化学研究表明,辉长岩具有球粒陨石10倍左右的REE含量,具有平坦型分布的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线,与MORB型较为相似;玄武岩分别具有MORB型和OIB型岩石地球化学性质,表明该地区早石炭世基底单元火山岩系形成于大陆裂谷环境,源区为与OIB源区类似的地幔软流圈源。综上可认为该地区蛇绿岩可能形成于强烈大陆拉伸作用导致的大陆裂谷向大洋裂谷转变的动力学环境中,进而初步判断该区蛇绿岩为"红海型"。     

北祁连冷龙岭蛇绿岩地质地球化学特征及构造意义

在北祁连造山带冷龙岭地区新发现一条蛇绿岩带,该蛇绿岩从下向上由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、玄武岩、硅质岩组成。岩石地球化学特征表明,玄武岩可分类高Ti和低Ti两类,其中高Ti玄武岩具有LREE富集的稀土配分型式,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th、Nb、Ta等不相容元素,呈现隆起型(驼峰式)分布型式,显示了典型的洋岛火山岩地球化学特征,为板内岩浆作用的产物。低Ti玄武岩具有LREE亏损,类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时又具有相对于N-MORB富集的大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,代表了弧后盆地环境岩石组合。蛇绿岩岩石组合和岩石地球化学特征显示该蛇绿岩套形成于弧后盆地环境,是早奥陶世北祁连洋的残留。     

北祁连九个泉蛇绿岩及其上覆岩系的岩石地球化学特征和地球动力学意义

本文通过对北祁连九个泉蛇绿岩及其上覆岩系的详细的野外、岩石学和地球化学的研究表明：该区火山岩由多个火山角砾岩—块状玄武岩—凝灰岩的旋回所组成;蛇绿岩之上整合覆盖着一套火山岩—沉积岩组合（蛇绿岩的上覆岩系）。蛇绿岩中玄武岩为典型的N-MORB,其上覆岩系中玄武岩为E-MORB。剖面从下到上,玄武岩中LREE,HFSE含量递增。火山岩的地球化学和沉积岩的岩相学反映了洋壳从扩张中脊向大陆方向迁移的动力学过程,蛇绿岩从形成到侵位的时间间隔较短。     

对云县铜厂街蛇绿岩的探讨

本文阐述了该区出露的超基性岩、基性侵入——喷出岩的区域地质背景、岩石组合及其特征,与世界公认为蛇绿岩套的岩石组合及矿产进行了对比,认为基本相同,但本区规模较小。它既近于洋中脊似拉斑玄武岩,也类似于大陆裂谷的碱性玄武岩,从Na_2O与K_2O的比值来看,认为应该接近后者。本文分析了本区蛇绿岩形成的地壳演化过程,认为铜厂街裂谷属地堑型滇西裂谷系,形成于早石炭世。蛇绿岩属陆间裂谷型。     

青藏高原北羌塘盆地多彩地区蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造环境

多彩蛇绿岩是通天河蛇绿混杂岩的组成部分,区域上隶属西金乌兰—金沙江缝合带北延部分。多彩蛇绿岩各岩石组分呈构造岩块、岩片产出,出露零星,面积小,但岩石组分较齐全,主要由异剥橄榄岩、单斜辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩及硅质岩等组成,缺乏地幔橄榄岩,蛇绿岩组分均与围岩呈构造接触关系。异剥橄榄岩以富MgO、贫TiO2、贫P2O5为特征,Eu不显异常或显弱负异常,是具有SSZ型蛇绿岩的重要岩石组分;辉长岩具高TiO2、Al2O3;玄武岩与辉绿岩具相似的特性,玄武岩Th/Ta平均为1.78,Ta/Hf0.15,而Ta/Hf=0.15～0.2,与大洋板内玄武岩相似;硅质岩Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值为0.9,(La/Ce)N值为1.81,可能具有陆源海特性。由上述特征并结合蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境判别图解,推测多彩蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带构造环境。     

雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩——事实与臆想

位于西藏南部的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩在我国研究程度最高,在国际上也有较高的知名度。该蛇绿岩东西延伸约2000km,代表了印度和亚洲之间消失的新特提斯洋,是确定上述两大板块间缝合线存在的重要岩石学标志。本文根据作者近几年的野外考察,结合前人发表的资料发现,该蛇绿岩有如下方面的重要特点。(1)各蛇绿岩剖面均发育大规模的橄榄岩体,超镁铁岩的分布远远大于镁铁质岩石。这些超镁铁岩体尽管在岩性上以方辉橄榄岩为主,但出现大量二辉橄榄岩;(2)镁铁质堆晶辉长岩不发育;(3)不存在席状辉绿岩墙群,取而代之的是顺层侵入在橄榄岩中的辉长岩-辉绿岩岩席。部分情况下,辉绿岩还侵入到玄武岩之中;(4)蛇绿岩上部发育有一定厚度的玄武岩,但玄武岩与橄榄岩之间经常被辉绿岩席所占据,部分情况下玄武岩与橄榄岩直接接触。(5)地幔橄榄岩与镁铁质岩石在Sr-Nd同位素和形成时代上存在显著差别;(6)辉长岩与辉绿岩形成在120~130Ma的狭窄时间段内,并具有类似亏损地幔的地球化学特点。上述资料表明,雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩中的超镁铁岩和镁铁质岩形成于不同时代,且在成因上不具任何联系。根据这些资料,本文提出,该区蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩可能为大陆岩石圈地幔。早白垩世期间,北侧亚洲大陆南缘位置的岩石圈由于拉张而使深部岩石圈地幔物质向上剥露。随着岩石圈拆离和减薄的不断进行,软流圈地幔发生减压熔融,形成目前见到的玄武岩和辉长-辉绿岩席。在拉张作用的高峰期,早期亏损的大陆岩石圈地幔在经历交代作用后发生部分熔融形成少量玻安质熔体。因此,雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩并不能代表新特提斯大洋,它与经典的蛇绿岩定义相差甚远。考虑镁铁质岩石发育有限的特点,雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩代表了一种超慢速扩张的洋盆形成环境,其扩张速率甚至慢于目前广为人知的西Alps地区。根据全球蛇绿岩的情况,该蛇绿岩可被定义为日喀则型,是目前超慢速扩张洋盆的端元代表。     

班- 怒带东段丁青蛇绿岩中镁铁质岩石年代学及构造背景

丁青蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带东段,分为东、西两个蛇绿岩体,丁青西蛇绿岩体缺乏基性岩年代学研究。对丁青西地质填图显示,蛇绿岩主要由方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩及辉长岩组成。其中玄武岩、辉长岩及辉绿岩出露在宗白区域,玄武岩和辉绿岩与下侏罗统沉积岩呈构造接触,辉长岩呈岩脉侵入到下侏罗统沉积岩中。岩石地球化学研究表明,玄武岩和辉长岩同属于碱性基性岩石,其中玄武岩具有典型洋岛玄武岩的稀土和微量元素特征,可能形成于与地幔柱有关的洋岛环境。在玄武质凝灰岩中挑选出的锆石测年,获得U-Pb年龄为198.7±3.8Ma,属早侏罗世。辉长岩的稀土和微量元素含量低于典型洋岛玄武岩,但其REE和微量元素具有OIB的特征,与典型OIB相比,辉长岩的HREE发生了一定程度富集。辉长岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为164.3±2.6Ma,认为辉长岩在形成过程中受到了软流圈地幔和岩石圈下部LVZ中富集熔体的共同作用,其形成于大陆边缘裂谷环境;辉绿岩成分属于拉斑系列岩石,其REE和微量元素曲线显示辉绿岩同时具有N-MORB和E-MORB的特征。辉绿岩锆石U-Pb年龄为114.2±1.3Ma,其形成晚于玄武岩。结合区域地质,认为辉绿岩形成于受地幔柱影响的弧后扩张脊环境。本研究提供了丁青西蛇绿岩新的年代学和岩石学证据,为探讨丁青蛇绿岩的形成和演化历史提供了新的证据。     

南天山榆树沟遭受麻粒岩相变质改造的蛇绿岩套研究

 新疆南天山榆树沟高压麻粒岩地体的原岩是一层序基本完整的蛇绿岩套。该岩套主要由变质橄榄岩、超镁铁质-镁铁质堆晶岩、下部洋脊拉斑玄武岩、以及上部洋脊拉斑玄武岩等四个岩石单元构成。其岩石学和REE与相对惰性微量元素的地球化学特征表明,该蛇绿岩中的玄武岩属洋脊型;结合区域地质背景分析,初步认为榆树沟蛇绿岩可能形成于具相当规模的洋盆构造环境。锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成时代为早古生代中晚期,证实西南天山早古生代蛇绿岩确已延伸至库米什一带。榆树沟麻粒岩相蛇绿岩套的确定以及对其独特的形成和俯冲-折返过程进行深入研究,不仅对进一步探讨天山构造带的形成和演化有重要意义,而且对发展大陆动力学理论也具重要参考价值。     

南天山榆树沟遭受麻粒岩相变质改造的蛇绿岩套研究

新疆南天山榆树沟高压麻粒岩地体的原岩是一层序基本完整的蛇绿岩套。该岩套主要由变质橄榄岩、超镁铁质-镁铁质堆晶岩、下部洋脊拉斑玄武岩、以及上部洋脊拉斑玄武岩等四个岩石单元构成。其岩石学和REE与相对惰性微量元素的地球化学特征表明,该蛇绿岩中的玄武岩属洋脊型;结合区域地质背景分析,初步认为榆树沟蛇绿岩可能形成于具相当规模的洋盆构造环境。锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成时代为早古生代中晚期,证实西南天山早古生代蛇绿岩确已延伸至库米什一带。榆树沟麻粒岩相蛇绿岩套的确定以及对其独特的形成和俯冲-折返过程进行深入研究,不仅对进一步探讨天山构造带的形成和演化有重要意义,而且对发展大陆动力学理论也具重要参考价值。     

Amphibole-bearing assemblages as indicators of microdomain-scale equilibrium conditions in metabasites: an example from Alpine ophiolites of the Meliata Unit, NE Hungary

Summary The polymetamorphic evolution of metamorphosed Mesozoic ophiolitic rocks in NE Hungary was studied by microtextural and mineral chemical analyses of metagabbros and metabasalts. Both rock types preserved their original textures remarkably well. By contrast, magmatic minerals (especially clinopyroxene) were preserved only in the metagabbros. The original magmatic whole-rock and mineral chemical features had a strong influence on the formation and preservation of the various metamorphic assemblages as testified by the chemically different amphiboles (and other major minerals) formed in various microdomains. The calculated metamorphic P-T conditions are in part different for metabasalts and metagabbros. These results are in accordance with the observed petrographic features, among which the sequence of crystallisation of Na-amphibole and actinolite in the two rock types is most characteristic. Crystallisation of actinolite is followed by Na-amphibole in metabasalts, while Na-amphibole formed first in the metagabbros. Overall equilibrium conditions were not attained throughout the NE Hungarian Mesozoic ophiolite unit during Alpine metamorphic evolution. Additionally, various disequilibrium metamorphic assemblages with several generations of chemically complex amphiboles were formed even on the thin section scale. Various P-T paths during the tectonic evolution of the accretionary wedge were experienced by parts of the dismembered ophiolite sequence, which originally formed a coherent unit, and were brought back into close spatial relationship only during the post-metamorphic exhumation processes.     

Geochemistry of Caledonian metabasalts from some Norwegian ophiolite fragments

Major and trace element analyses of metabasalts from five of the Lower Palaeozoic Caledonian ophiolite fragments along a strike distance of some 800 km of the west Norwegian coast are presented. Characteristically the REE patterns show depletion of both LREE and HREE relative to intermediate REE, giving an upward convex shape, but nearly flat, LREE depleted or enriched patterns occur. The REE patterns of the metabasalts from three of these sequences, i.e. the Lykling, Solund and Stavfjorden ophiolite fragments show little within-sequence but large between-sequence variation. The REE patterns of the metabasalts from the Gullfjellet (Major Bergen Arc) and Skålvær ophiolite fragments, however, show significant within-sequence variations, indicative of local source heterogeneties.When incompatible trace elements such as Ta, Nb, Ce, P, Zr, Hf, Sm, Ti, Y and Yb are normalized against average MORB, the metabasalts can be subdivided into two major groups. One group, geographically comprising the ophiolite fragments north of Bergen (i.e. Solund, Stavfjorden og Skålvær) show trace element ratios similar to average MORB, whereas the other group, defined by the Gullfjellet and Lykling ophiolite fragments (from Bergen southwards) differ significantly with respect to Yb/Y, Ti/Y and Nb/Ce ratios. These features are discussed in terms of trace element patterns in basalts from oceanic islands, island arcs and back-arc basins, and it is tentatively concluded that they reflect partial melts from a mid-oceanic mantle, or probably a back-arc basin mantle, which differed chemically from that of the northwestern Norwegian ophiolite fragments.     

Eruptive environments and inferred exploration potential of metabasalts from New South Wales

The Honeysuckle Beds, Jindalee Beds, Woolomin Beds and Nambucca Beds all contain metavolcanic units of dismembered ophiolite suites in the Palaeozoic of New South Wales. It is assumed that no major changes in the distribution of stable trace elements have taken place during metamorphism. Geological evidence and stable trace element data indicate that the Honeysuckle and Jindalee Beds may contain metabasalts of marginal basin origin whereas the Woolomin and Nambucca Beds may contain metabasalts erupted during the opening phase of a major ocean. Comparison with massive sulphide-bearing metabasalts elsewhere suggests that the Honeysuckle Beds and Jindalee Beds, which chemically resemble metabasalts from the Troödos Massif of Cyprus, have the greatest exploration potential.     

Geochemical and stable isotope resetting in shear zones from Täschalp: constraints on fluid flow during exhumation in the Western Alps

Fluid flow at greenschist facies conditions during exhumation of the western Alps occurred in several penecontemporaneous systems, including shear zones at lithological contacts, deformed contacts between serpentinite bodies and metabasalts, albite veins within metabasalts, and calcite + quartz veins within calcareous schists. Fluid flow in shear zones that juxtapose metasediments and ophiolitic rocks within the Piemonte Unit reset O and H isotope ratios. δ¹⁸O values are buffered by the wall rocks; however, calculated fluid δ²H values are similar within all the shear zones suggesting that they formed an interconnected network. The similarity of δ²H values of the sheared rocks and those of unsheared calcareous schists suggests that the fluids were derived from, or had equilibrated with, the schists that envelop the ophiolite rocks. Time‐integrated fluid fluxes at the sheared contacts estimated from changes in Si in metabasalts were up to 10⁵ m³ m^?2, with the fluid flowing up temperature driven either by topography or seismic pumping. Individual shear zones were active for c. 2–3 Myr, implying average fluid fluxes of up to 10^?9 m³ m^?2 s^?1. Rocks in shear zones within the ophiolite away from contacts with the metasediments show much less marked isotopic and geochemical changes, implying that fluid volumes decreased into the ophiolite unit, consistent with the source of fluids being the metasediments. Fluids were generated by dehydration reactions that were intersected during exhumation and, while many rocks show the affects of fluid–rock interaction, large‐scale fluid flow between major units was not common.     

甘新交界红柳河地区早志留世蛇绿混杂岩的厘定及大地构造意义

地质、岩石化学、地球化学、同位素年代学综合研究证明,红柳河地区蛇绿混杂岩同橄榄岩、辉长岩、玄武岩和弧后火山－沉积岩系组成,玄武质岩石地球化学特征不同于典型大洋中脊,岛弧及板内玄武岩,并暗示其形成于大陆边缘向洋中脊过渡的构造环境,铀－铅同位素测年结果证明其侵位于早志留世,混杂时代早于晚泥盆地,上述成果表明中天山结晶基底与塔里木大陆之间在早志留世曾闰开形成红柳河小洋盆,于晚泥盆世之前发生碰撞混杂形成次级缝合带。     

Emplacement of Semail–Emirates ophiolite at ridge–trench collision

The Oman‐Emirates is the largest and best‐exposed ophiolite; consequently, it has attracted significant interest among scientists, together with serious conflicts. Most geologists regard this ophiolite as having formed in an intra‐oceanic subduction zone before being accreted to the Arabian continent. Here, we propose an alternative scenario, supported by detailed field observations and integrated geophysics. The smaller Emirates part of the ophiolite was forced into a nearby continent, in the pre‐collision stage of Tethyan closure. The contraction led to the exhumation of the mantle floor of segmented basins accreted in a rifted system similar to the present‐day Gulf of California. The implied high temperature–high pressure metamorphism and the range of geochemical signatures were introduced during the process of rifting, whereas the larger Oman ophiolite was emplaced by obduction onto and along the subducting continental shore. This Ridge–Trench–Transform system might call for a new process to obduct over continents in particular Tethyan ophiolites.     

Origin of the Xigaze ophiolite, Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet

The Xigaze ophiolite, (Tibet) displays unusual lithological, petrological, textural, and structural characteristics. There are no large masses of cumulate gabbros, but dolerite intrusives throughout the whole ophiolite sequence, some of which were intruded into already serpentinized peridotites, only minor residual harzburgites and dunites in dominantly Iherzolitic peridotites equilibrated at low temperatures and pressures, and relatively low-temperature deformation structures in the uppermost peridotites. These features suggest a very low heat flow at the spreading center where the Xigaze ophiolite was formed, in good agreement with a discontinuous and slowly-accreting spreading center origin. However, this ophiolite does not represent a typical mid-oceanic ridge ophiolite; rather it was formed in a small basin located at the southern margin of Eurasia, hence within a preexisting oceanic lithosphere. The opening of the nearly N-S Xigaze paleo-ridge resulted from the W-E drift of Africa relative to Eurasia from 180 to 110 Ma. The N-S emplacement onto the continent of the Xigaze ophiolite, formed 120 to 110 Ma ago, can be correlated to changes in direction of motion of the African and Indian plates: a primary intra-oceanic thrusting event probably occurring at 110 or 85 Ma and the final obduction near 50 Ma during the India-Eurasia collision.     

北秦岭宽坪岩群的解体及新元古代N-MORB

本文通过LA-ICPMS单颗粒锆石微区U-Pb测年方法研究,确定宽坪岩群中的变基性火山岩形成年龄为943Ma,宽坪岩群中的变质沉积岩原岩形成于小于600Ma。因此,本文提出宽坪岩群从地层学意义上应予废除或解体。即宽坪岩群中变沉积岩与变基性火山岩不属于一个延续的沉积层序,是晚期构造运动将这些形成于不同时代、不同构造环境的岩石单元混杂叠置在一起。宽坪岩群中绿片岩类具有典型N-MORB的特征,属于新元古代一套蛇绿岩残片,代表格林威尔造山期的地质记录。     

The Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite: the largest (60‐km wide) and deepest (c. 70–80 km) continuous slice of oceanic lithosphere detached from a subduction zone?

The Western Alps are a classic subduction-related collisional orogen with well-preserved, deeply subducted ophiolitic remnants of oceanic lithosphere. Some (e.g. Monviso, Voltri) were recognized as a palaeo-subduction channel, with tectonic blocks showing a wide range of pressure–temperature conditions. We herein evaluate for the first time the metamorphic homogeneity of the extensive Zermatt-Saas ophiolite. Zermatt-Saas peak eclogitic assemblages are represented by omphacite–garnet ± phengite ± epidote ± lawsonite ± glaucophane in MORB-derived metabasalts and garnet–chloritoid–talc ± lawsonite ± phengite in hydrothermalized metabasalts. Thermobarometric estimates with thermocalc and Raman Spectroscopy of carbonaceous material reveal homogeneous peak burial conditions at around 540 ± 20 °C and 23 ± 1 kbar. P – T paths indicate that the whole of the ophiolite, at least 60 km across, strikingly underwent similar burial and exhumation patterns and detached from the slab at depths around 80 km. The Zermatt-Saas ophiolite thus appears to be the world's largest oceanic lithosphere fragment exhumed from such depths, which provides important constraints on interplate coupling mechanisms.     

Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-Probe U-Pb Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Rocks from the Pulan-Xiangquanhe Ophiolite, Tibet: Constraints on the Evolution of the Neo-tethys

The Pulan-Xiangquanhe ophiolite in the western Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone of Tibet is investigated for its geochemistry,geochronology,and tectonic implications in detail.Sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe zircon U-Pb dating reveals that diabases in the ophiolite from the three locations of Xugugab,Mapam Yum Co and La'nga Co are dated at 122.3±2.5 Ma,118.8±1.8 Ma and 120.5±1.9 Ma,respectively.These early Cretaceous mafic rocks have Na_2O+K_2O,rare earth element patterns,trace elemental spider diag...