珠穆朗玛峰峰顶大地水准面与似大地水准面差值计算及其验证

本文利用登山路线上的实测重力点,通过试算分析确定了珠穆朗玛峰地区应采用的均衡模型及均衡深度,并利用该均衡模型推估了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶地形均衡重力异常与珠穆朗玛峰峰顶重力值。根据正常高和正高换算关系的需要,计算了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶沿垂线方向至黄海平均海平面的重力值的平均值与正常重力值的平均值,在此基础上完成了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶正常高和正高的换算,即大地水准面与似大地水准面差值计算,并对此结果采用其他方法进行了验证。     

双星串飞编队卫星测高模式下高度计相对定标

提出了一种新型双星串飞编队卫星测高模式下高度计之间的相对定标方法,给出了计算高度计相对偏差的完整公式;采用Jason-2卫星数据,对相对偏差计算公式中的各误差项进行了功率谱分析以及差分序列的统计分析;以厘米级定标精度为前提,简化了相对偏差计算公式并进行了误差预估。结果表明,相对偏差中各误差项均呈现低频特性,相对偏差误差主要与两颗卫星的相对径向轨道误差、测距误差、海况偏差及两星下比较点间的水准面高差相关,单次飞行高度计之间相对偏差的精度约为1.99cm。     

Modification of fractal algorithm for oil spill detection from RADARSAT-1 SAR data

This paper introduces a modified formula for the fractal box counting dimension. The method is based on utilization of the probability distribution formula in the fractal box count. The purpose of this method is to use it for the discrimination of oil spill areas from the surrounding features, e.g., sea surface and look-alikes in RADARSAT-1 SAR Wide beam mode (W1) and Standard beam mode (S2) data have been collected under different wind speeds. The results show that the new formula of the fractal box counting dimension is able to discriminate between oil spills, look-alike areas and pixels of the size of a single ship. The W1 mode data illustrate an error standard deviation of 0.05, thus performing a better discrimination of oil spills as compared to S2 mode data. We conclude that automatic detection and discrimination of oil spill and other sea surface features can be opertionalized by using the new formula for fractal box counting.     

逆Vening-Meinesz技术在陆地重力异常精细构制方法中的应用

逆Vening-Meinesz公式在海洋测高数据反演重力异常中得到了广泛应用,被认为是确定海洋地球重力场的有效途径之一。将该方法引入陆地,是本文的主要工作之一。由于陆地的非球面特性,需要顾及地形起伏的影响,因此,本文提出了基于均衡的逆Vening-Meinesz公式的移去恢复技术求解陆地重力异常的算法。最后通过对该算法编程试验,并对结果进行诊断分析和精度估计,结果表明该算法能够求得满足一定精度的重力异常值。     

海洋重力似大地水准面与区域测高似大地水准面的拟合问题

研究了将陆地重力似大地水准面与GPS水；住似大地水准面拟合的处理方法推广到海洋的问题．首先从理论上证明了当存在海面地形．则海洋大地水准面与似大地水准面不重合．导出了在海洋上大地水；住面差距与高程异常之间差值的公式．由此给出了求定平均海面相对于区域高程基准的正常高以及测高似大地水准面的计算公式。由于测高平均海面与GPS大地高有相近的精度．提出了将海洋重力似大地水准面与区域测高似大地水准面拟合的处理方法．并利用当前最新的海面地形模型和测高平均海面模型做了数值估计。     

Polarization of reflected light as a function in remote sensing of sea state

Polarizaton characteristics of completely diffuse light reflected from a wind roughened sea surface and its total reflectance are studied for various wind speeds on the assumption that distribution of wave slopes around their mean is Gaussian. The angular distribution of diffuse reflectance and polarization status of reflected light are also estimated with a view to exploring possibilities of using these parameters for remote sensing of sea state from a satellite, aircraft or an observation tower. The efficiency of Brewster’s angle technique in eliminating reflected light from the sea surface radiance for remote sensing of subsurface material is examined for non flat sea surface in the light of these results. the results show that the diffuse light reflected from the sea surface contains information on the sea state in the form of its status of polarization and can be used as an observational tool in remote sensing of sea state. The scope and limitations of the method proposed are discussed.     

结合投影变换和相位相关的海冰运动监测

为提高对渤海海冰旋转和平移运动的监测精度,提出一种基于投影变换的相位相关跟踪方法。选取连续8景静止水色成像仪(GOCI)图像序列,根据特征图像窗口的投影变换构造辅助函数,通过寻求函数最优解得到旋转角度集合,选择修正相关系数确定最佳旋转角度,同时根据相位信息实现海冰样本间亚像素级别的平移跟踪,消除传统相位相关法中因忽略图像相频特性所造成的匹配误差。实验结果表明,以手动测量的旋转角度为基准,该方法和传统相位相关法的旋转监测均方根误差的最大值/平均值分别为0.59/0.50与1.41/0.94,跟踪速度提高了50.6%;海冰平移运动的速度矢量与辽东湾的现场实测数据及历史资料记录数据基本一致。该方法对渤海海冰旋转和平移运动具有较好的跟踪效果。     

The deviations of the sea surface from the geoid and their effect on geoid computation

The effects of the deviations of sea surface topography from the geoid are estimated for terrestrial geoid computations as obtained from Stokes' formula. The results are based on an equal-area expansion of Lisitzin's sea surface topography data in a spherical harmonic series. It is realized that those data affect mainly the harmonics of degree n≤10. Consequently, in geoids obtained from combination solutions (where low harmonics are dominated by harmonics as obtained from differential orbit improvement) the sea surface topography effects are relatively small.     

海域使用管理系统中宗海时空数据组织与查询研究

分析了海域使用的时态特性,扩展了基态修正时空数据模型,设计了一种适用于海域使用的宗海时空数据组织模式,实现了历史数据的恢复和海域使用实体的历史追踪。     

Observation of mesoscale ocean currents from GEOSAT altimeter data

This paper discusses an altimeter data processing technique designed to compute time series of the mesoscale dynamic sea surface and to produce mean sea surfaces and surface variability. The technique has been applied to Geosat data collected over the North and South Atlantic and the South Indian Ocean. The computed mean sea surfaces show a high correlation with ocean bottom topography, whereas the variability is found to be associated with mesoscale ocean currents. High variability levels are spotted near the Gulfstream Extension and the Agulhas Return Current.Detailed examination of the sea surface and related flow field time series made it possible to identify a large number of eddies and to keep track of them in both the nort-west and south-east Atlantic. Additionally, some of the eddy characteristics have been resolved such as translation and swirl velocity. It is found that the eddy motion is affected by ocean bottom slopes.     

天空光遮挡法水体光谱测量便携版漂浮式光学浮标研发与应用

离水辐亮度Lw(Water-leaving radiance)是水色遥感现场观测中的关键物理量之一,由其计算获得的遥感反射率Rrs(Remote sensing reflectance)是水色遥感参数反演的最基本参数.天空光遮挡法SBA(Skylight-blocked approach)可以直接测量水体离水辐亮度,作...     

High precision vertical deflection over China marginal sea and global sea derived from multi-satellite altimeter

On the basis of gravity field model (EIGEN_CG01C), together with multi-altimeter data, the improved deflection of the vertical gridded in 2′×2′ in China marginal sea and gridded in 5′×5′ in the global sea was determined by using the weighted method of along-track least squares, and the accuracy is better than 1.2″ in China marginal sea. As for the quality of the deflection of the vertical, it meets the challenge for the gravity field of high resolution and accuracy. It shows that, compared with the shipboard gravimetry in the sea, the accuracy of the gravity anomalies computed with the marine deflection of the vertical by inverse Vening-Meinesz formula is 7.75 m·s?2.     

大气加权平均温度建模及其在GPS／PWV中的应用

大气加权平均温度的准确获取对高精度的GPS水汽反演至关重要。文中基于线性回归理论,在分析加权平均温度与地面温度间相关性的基础上,采用一元线性拟合的方法,建立大气加权平均温度经验模型。最后,采用香港地区2006-2015年无线电探空资料对经验模型进行验证。实验结果表明,文中模型计算加权平均温度的整体均方根误差为2.356 K,较Bevis模型精度提高了41.94％,且季节变化对加权平均温度计算的影响并不明显;对于GPS水汽反演,采用本文经验模型反演水汽的均方根误差为1.807 mm,平均偏差为1.362 mm,能够满足GPS可降水量反演的精度,且优于Bevis模型。      

On the indirect effect in the Stokes–Helmert method of geoid determination

The classical integral formula for determining the indirect effect in connection with the Stokes–Helmert method is related to a planar approximation of the sea level. A strict integral formula, as well as some approximations to it, are derived. It is concluded that the cap- size truncated integral formulas will suffer from the omission of some long-wavelength contributions, of the order of 50 cm in high mountains for the classical formula. This long-wavelength information can be represented by a set of spherical harmonic coefficients of the topography to, say, degree and order 360. Hence, for practical use, a combination of the classical formula and a set of spherical harmonics is recommended. Received: 10 March 1998 / Accepted: 16 November 1998     

基于卫星测高资料研究全球海平面变化趋势

利用全球平均海平面的高程数据,研究基于反距离权重内插方法来处理Jason测高数据资料得出全球平均海面的数学模型,并将所得结果与利用WHU2013 MSS模型得出的结果进行了对比。此外,还通过计算全球海平面的变化值,分析了全球海平面变化的季节性特征、长期性趋势以及年际变化与厄尔尼诺事件的相关性。     

中国东海叶绿素浓度变化分析及其海水温度响应

海洋叶绿素浓度时空格局分析及与海水温度的响应研究对于海洋资源的开发和保护及赤潮的预防具有重要意义。本文基于2004—2018年东海叶绿素浓度和海水温度数据运用趋势分析及ArcGIS10.2软件,对东海叶绿素浓度作了时空分析研究,并结合海水温度进行了回归分析,以探究叶绿素对海水温度变化的响应机制。结果表明：①东海叶绿素浓度在2004—2018年间没有明显的年际变化特征。年内则随时间上下波动,冬季为波峰,夏季为波谷。离海岸带越近,叶绿素浓度越高。②东海海域海水温度在年际尺度上呈波动式起伏变化。在季节尺度上夏秋两季温度较高,春季次之,冬季最低。从沿海到外海海域海温逐渐升高。③就空间相关性而言,东海海域叶绿素浓度与海水温度整体呈负相关,在不同海域相关程度不同。长江口和外海区域叶绿素浓度与海水温度具有很强的相关性;在沿海区域,由于受到城市环境、经济发展及人类生产生活的影响,海水温度与叶绿素浓度的相关性不明显。     

事物的演化机理与地图现势性的度量

物质世界的不同层次中的事物都具有随时间演化的特性。制图区域内事物的演化使制图区域在不同时刻有不同的状态。在t>t0时,依据制图物体从属于制图区域不同状态的条件,可定义现势地物、消亡地物和新生地物。根据拓朴映射原理,给出了地图符号的一般式,再根据制图对象的时态特征,定义了现势地图符号和失真地图符号。利用同一图上现势地图符号集和失真地图符号集互为补集的关系,提出了地图现势值公式,从而实现了地图现势性概念的定量刻划。由于本公式仅涉及失真符号的面积量算并对经验事实具有解释功能,因而有广阔的应用前景。     

POS数据用于双介质水下地形摄影测量的研究

本文以双介质摄影测量的基本公式为基础、海水为介质,利用POS数据进行双介质水下地形摄影测量研究。文中介绍了机载POS系统及双介质摄影测量基本公式,论述了海水折射率和由折射引起的高程改正系数的求解,提出了双介质相对定向和直接定向的计算方法,最后用模拟数据进行验证。     

利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星测高资料监测全球海平面变化

本文利用１９９３年１月至１９９９年５月的ＴＯＰＥＸ／Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ卫星测高数据计算了全球海平变化。海平面模型误差和不恰当的加权方法都会影响全球海平面序列的周年变化,潮汐模型误差对于季节性变化有明显的影响。利用两个高度计算的海平面变化存在周年变化存在明显的差异,利用ＴＯＰＥＸ高度计和Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ高度计得到的该时段全球平均海平面的变化率分别为２．０ｍｍ／ａ和－０．５ｍｍ／ａ。与南方涛动指数的比较     

星载GNSS-R海冰边界探测方法

针对星载接收平台提出了一种利用全球导航卫星系统反射信号（Global Navigation Satellite Systemreflectometry,GNSS-R）进行海冰边界探测的方法。该方法利用导航卫星信号经海冰和海水表面散射后反射信号时延相关功率映射（delay map,DM）的差异,结合镜面反射点位置来探测海冰边界。利用自适应阈值调整算法处理TDS-1卫星数据,获取有效的DM数据,进而得到DM衍生量随镜面反射点位置的变化趋势,并设置DM衍生量的阈值来识别海冰。与全球海冰分布图对比发现,DM衍生量阈值对应的镜面反射点位置与海冰分布图的海冰边界位置基本吻合,证明了DM的有效区时延距离、相关功率的峰值和归一化标准差均可用于海冰边界探测,星载GNSS-R技术在海冰边界探测领域具有较大潜力。