宁夏中北部沙尘暴过程中气象要素变化特征及成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料,统计分析了宁夏中北部地区沙尘暴天气的持续时间及相关气象要素的变化及成因。结果表明：风向对沙尘暴天气的发生具有重要影响,从西到北之间的五个风向下发生沙尘暴天气的次数占沙尘暴天气总次数的70％以上;在同一次沙尘暴天气过程中．不同代表站沙尘暴天气的持续时间与地形、地貌及地理环境的关系最密切,其次是与最大风速的关系;但同一代表站在不同的沙尘暴天气过程中最大风速对沙尘暴天气的持续时间影响最大;沙尘暴天气发生总次数越多的测站,在同一沙尘暴天气过程中持续时间相对越长。形成盐池站多沙尘暴天气的沙源,除背景沙源外,本地沙源的补充也有重要作用。     

2006年西北地区一次强沙尘暴天气的成因

综合分析2006年4月9～11日发生在南疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古等省（区）的一次强沙尘暴天气,指出这次沙尘暴是西方路径强冷空气引发的,冷锋后大风沙尘暴天气过程;斜压槽及强锋区是激发沙尘暴发生、发展的重要天气系统;前期持续增温为沙尘暴的发生提供了有利的热力条件;高空急流对沙尘暴的发生起到重要作用,而强沙尘暴发生在高空急流的右侧;特殊的地形及地表状况为沙尘暴形成提供了有利的地理环境。     

吐鲁番地区一次强沙尘暴天气分析

对2001年4月7－8月发生在吐鲁番地区的强沙尘暴天气进行了天气成因分析。分析表明，此次天气是由乌拉尔山南下的强冷空气沿偏北路径引发的。前期持续增温和槽前暖平流为沙尘暴天气的发生提供了有利的热力条件；高平槽前强烈的正涡度平流为沙尘暴天气提供了动力条件；干暖舌的形成和维持对沙尘暴天气的发生、强弱及持续有较好的指示性；高空急流的振荡合并导致对流层中、下层锋区加强和大气层结不稳定，为沙尘暴天气的产生提供了有利的大尺度环流背景；吐鲁番盆地特殊的地形，为沙尘暴天气的形成和加强起到了推波助澜的作用；盆地土质疏松、含沙量大、植被稀少的地表则为沙尘暴天气的形成提供了有利的地理环境。     

2010年内蒙古中西部地区一次强沙尘暴的天气分析

文章对2010年3月19日发生在内蒙古中西部地区的一次强沙尘暴天气进行了分析,结果表明,此次强沙尘暴是北路强冷空气引发的锋后西北大风沙尘暴天气过程,不断加强的蒙古冷高压和地面冷锋入侵是沙尘暴爆发的动力机制,强烈地上升运动和暖平流使得沙尘暴发生前内蒙古中西部地区上空积累了大量的不稳定能量,高空冷平流的侵扰促使不稳定能量释放,沙尘天气爆发。此外,高空急流的维持促使低层风速明显加大,有利于沙尘天气发展。沙尘暴发生前在对流层中层出现了逆温层,伴随着沙尘暴的发展,对流层中低层形成了深厚的混合层。沙尘天气结束后,大气层结趋于稳定。     

内蒙古强沙尘暴天气的卫星云图特征分析

利用GMS卫星云图资料，对影响内蒙古自治区的6例强沙尘暴天气进行了卫星云图分析。总结了强沙尘暴天气相伴随的云型、云系特征，揭示了沙尘暴天气过程中与之相伴随的中尺度云团的发生、发展过程，对于分析和预报强沙尘暴天气具有广泛的应用价值。     

柴达木盆地“2000.4.12”沙尘暴天气分析

本通过分析2000年4月12日出现在柴达木盆地的沙尘暴天气，初步揭示了沙尘暴天气的成因，总结出了柴达木盆地春季大风和沙尘暴的发生机制和预报思路。     

我国沙尘暴的危害及防御系统

20世纪60年代到90年代后期以来,沙尘暴频频急剧增加,呈现出时间早、影响广、危害大的特征。本文主要分析了沙尘暴天气的发生、发展及影响,叙述了近年来我国北方地区发生的沙尘暴典型事例,介绍了中国气象局2001年开始建设的沙尘暴监测预警工程。通过“中国沙尘暴预测预警服务系统”的运行与监测,将大大地减少和降低天气、气候极端事件的危害,达到沙尘暴天气的有效防御。     

甘肃沙尘暴短期、短时业务化预报方法研究

利用1955~2002年甘肃省80个站的观测资料,对发生在甘肃境内的64个强或特强沙尘暴个例逐个进行了天气气候分析,总结了甘肃沙尘暴天气气候特点,沙尘暴爆发的天气类型,移动路径。得出沙尘暴短期和临近预报的着眼点,建立了甘肃沙尘暴短期预报概念模型。通过用计算机语言和模块化设计方案,成功设计了中国西北地区沙尘暴监测预警人机交互预报平台,实现了沙尘暴监测预警预报业务化。     

甘肃夏季特强沙尘暴分析

夏季沙尘暴的气候特征表明,夏季是甘肃省沙尘暴的次多发季节,主要集中在民勤、鼎新、金塔。通过对一次罕见的甘肃省夏季强沙尘暴天气分析发现:高空小槽、切变线、热低压是引发夏季沙尘暴的主要天气系统,而春季沙尘暴一般是大尺度天气系统造成的;夏季沙尘暴发生前期高空急流反映并不明显,急流风速的突然加大和沙尘暴几乎同时发生,这是夏季沙尘暴预报的难点之一;沙尘暴发生前8~12 h的螺旋度场对沙尘暴预报有较好的指示意义,正值越大,沙尘暴越强,但当沙尘暴与强降水同时发生时,沙尘暴区螺旋度值明显小于强降水中心螺旋度值。     

EPSONGT-10000+扫描仪一次故障排除

本文对2004年3月26日～28日发生在青海西北部、甘肃西部、内蒙古中西部等地的一次强沙尘暴天气过程从天气事实、天气学成因等方面进行了分析和诊断,指出这次沙尘暴过程发生在大气环流调整过程中,前期持续增温为沙尘暴的发生提供了有利的热力条件,斜压槽及强锋区、蒙古气旋和冷锋是触发这次沙尘暴天气过程的重要天气系统;高空急流的动量下传促进了蒙古气旋的发展;涡度对沙尘暴的落区有很好的指示性;在沙尘暴发生区域,对流层低层和近地面层为不稳定层结,从而引起了强烈的垂直上升运动,导致低层强烈辐合,在近地层形成大风和沙尘暴。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.