浅水无定位拖缆观测系统定义及多次波压制效果分析

浅水无定位拖缆在近岸海洋工程及浅水多道地震勘探中应用广泛,但受无定位拖缆实际位置获取的限制,野外观测系统准确定义受影响.基于传统直线假设的观测系统定义简单易行,但计算的共反射点面元无法获得实际坐标,位置偏差较大,严重影响后续处理方法的有效应用.基于实际炮点轨迹坐标,本文提出了一种新的无定位拖缆实际坐标计算方法,新方法首先确定接收排列的相对空间位置,采用反距离比线性插值算法准确计算接收道实际坐标值,再根据实际坐标重新定义观测系统,获得了实际跑航弯曲测线观测系统图.文中对传统方法与新方法定义的不同观测系统数据,分别采用SRME(Surface-related Multiple Elimination)方法压制浅水海底鸣震类自由表面相关多次波,结果显示采用新方法定义的观测系统反射数据多次波衰减效果明显,有效反射连续,基底反射成像清晰,说明文中实际坐标计算方法符合海上弯曲测线观测系统的定义,提高了SRME方法压制多次波的效果.     

复杂地区观测系统分析评价的照明度函数设计

在复杂构造地区进行照明度分析,对观测系统的优化设计有着重要意义.人们对如何进行正演照明做了大量的研究工作,但是如何利用照明结果进行观测系统的优化设计并没有一个统一的标准.为了使照明度分析有一定的规范,通过文字和图形定义了炮点入射照明、检波点接收照明、共反射点面元入射照明、共反射点面元成像照明和炮点-共反射点面元-检波点...     

无线地下流体数据监测系统水位观测数据与模拟水位观测数据一致性研究

以山东地区投测的中科光大无线地下流体数据监测系统产出的水位数据为基础,从系统现场测试结果、观测资料变化特征及与模拟观测系统产出数据的一致性研究结果等方面,对该系统进行了分析与评价.认为该观测系统的产出数据能够较客观地反映地下水位的相对变化特征;在观测系统的数据采集模块、GPRS通讯模块和中心系统程序各部分正常工作的情况下,系统产出的数字化观测资料可用于地震分析预报研究.     

基于GIS的测震编目工作系统

在用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ,ＴｕｒｂｏＢａｓｉｃ等软件开发的测震编目系统的基础上,把ＧＩＳ技术中处理空间信息的一些独特优点应用到测震编目系统中,建立了以ＧＩＳ工具软件Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ为开发平台的图形绘制查询分析配套系统。实现了与测震编目系统的数据对接。使对接后的系统在可视化查询、分析计算、图形制作、Ｂｕｆｅｒ分析、显示输出等方面有了很大的改进。整个系统具有良好的用户界面,有较强的数据兼容性和模块扩充性。     

基于DOS的实时多任务网络化综合观测系统的设计与实现

随着观测技术的发展,将观测技术与传感技术、计算机、通信和网络技术有机的结合,来实现观测技术的综合化与网络化,已经成为一种趋势;DOS系统以其内核小、操作简单、技术成熟、对硬件底层直接操作及其稳定性等优点,被广泛应用于一些工业控制领域;分析在单任务嵌入式DOS系统工控机上实现实时多任务的方法,根据实际应用的需求,通过对各个模块进行适当的定制、裁减与技术集成,设计与实现了可靠的、实时的、安全的、网络化与综合化观测系统.     

数传网传输通讯,分报整编及数据入库系统的设计与实现

0 前言 随着国家地震局及各省局无线数传网、地震数据库和现代化会商室的建立,地震分析预报工作正逐步走向现代化、自动化。但目前各省局从台站观测数据的收集、数据入库到图形、图表的输出,仍需分析预报人员手工抄录、手工入库,即现代化数据收集系统和分析处理会商系统是两个脱节的系统。这一人工干预节点,直接影响了两个现代化系统效率的充分发挥。为使地震分析预报工作真正做到自动化、计算机化,我们研制了数传网传输通讯、分报整编及数据入库系统软件,实现了从台站观测数据的收集到数据入库以及会商图形显示等工作的自动化。     

目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题

基于地震各向异性理论的多分量地震勘探技术已得到一定程度的应用,以解决复杂 油气藏的勘探问题. 然而在陆上油气勘探中,在多分量数据采集、处理方法和解释方面还存 在一些问题. 为此,本文针对多分量数据采集、处理、解释过程中的三分量检波器、观测系 统设计、各向异性处理方法和处理解释一体化进行了探讨. 指出在有关研究与应用时要特别 注意观测系统设计、各向异性处理模块的开发和处理解释一体化思路的实现,同时提出相应 的解决办法.     

岩性物性联合反演系统设计与实现

本文介绍了岩性物性联合反演软件系统的功能需求、设计和实现,并按功能将系统分成6个部分:工区管理、多格式数据采用了统一的存取、模块添加机制、现场保留、参数定义和地震数据可视化.根据不同模块的需求,研究了混合语言编程,设计了不同算法模块在系统中的挂接方式,并通过几个已有模块进行了检验和应用.本研究成功地应用数据工厂的方法实...     

面向地震勘探算法的模块集成技术研究

针对地震勘探算法的特点和制约技术推广的问题,在地震数据处理流程、输入与输出数据格式、图形显示和插件模式集成技术等方面进行了深入研究,研发了插件模式模块集成技术.将不同编程语言实现的地震勘探算法,通过插件模式进行算法模块集成,设计形成有效的功能技术模块,并保证软件模块的可重用性和稳定性,有效解决了地震勘探算法的成果转化和产业化问题.以地震数据采集工程软件平台提供的插件服务为基础,形成了面向地震勘探算法的插件集成思路和模块集成技术,并以可控震源正演模拟与谐波压制技术为例,验证了算法集成的正确性和有效性,最终实现了不同编程语言地震勘探算法的模块集成和应用,有效保障了可控震源高效采集的顺利实施.     

面向靶区OBC成像评价观测系统

OBC近年来得到长足的发展,但采集新技术的出现,相应地要求处理技术的开发和研究必须跟进,跟上世界先进技术的进步,才能更好地为油气的勘探工作做出应有的贡献.目前在OBC采集、处理方面还存在如下问题:如何客观评价现有OBC观测系统的优劣,如何评价采集资料的质量,如何评价现有OBC资料处理模块的效果等.为此,本文收集了靶区地震地质资料,建立了从陆坡区到深水区的二维和三维地震地质模型,基于二维和三维波动方程正演模拟技术,模拟给定的OBC观测系统下的P波和P-SV波炮集记录,根据多波资料处理结果评价对应的OBC观测系统的采集资料的效果.结果显示,OBC接收的地震波场特征复杂,地震波类型很多,合成记录的纵横波分离得到的纵波剖面和转换波剖面特征明显.靶区给定的OBC观测系统正演模拟结果表明,给定的观测系统下,复杂断层能得到较好的偏移成像,但复杂基底尤其是凹陷部位,成像效果较差.     

Development of a SWAT extension module to simulate riparian wetland hydrologic processes at a watershed scale

Using a mass balance algorithm, this study develops an extension module that can be embedded in the commonly used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). This module makes it possible to assess effects of riparian wetlands on runoff and sediment yields at a watershed scale, which is very important for aquatic ecosystem management but rarely documented in the literature. In addition to delineating boundaries of a watershed and its subwatersheds, the module groups riparian wetlands within a subwatershed into an equivalent wetland for modelling purposes. Further, the module has functions to compute upland drainage area and other parameters (e.g. maximum volume) for the equivalent wetland based on digital elevation model, stream network, land use, soil and wetland distribution GIS datasets. SWAT is used to estimate and route runoff and sediment generated from upland drainage area. The lateral exchange processes between riparian wetlands and their hydraulically connected streams are simulated by the extension module. The developed module is empirically applied to the 53 km² Upper Canagagigue Creek watershed located in Southern Ontario of Canada. The simulation results indicate that the module can make SWAT more reasonably predict flow and sediment loads at the outlet of the watershed and better represent the hydrologic processes within it. The simulation is sensitive to errors of wetland parameters and channel geometry. The approach of embedding the module into SWAT enables simulation of hydrologic processes in riparian wetlands, evaluation of wetland effects on regulating stream flow and sediment loading and assessment of various wetland restoration scenarios. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震数据处理系统Earthworm在福建地震预警系统项目中的应用

本文介绍了USGS（美国地质勘探局）开发的Earthworm系统在福建地震预警系统项目中的应用。该系统为开源软件,由C语言编写,由不同模块组建而成,每个模块实现不同的功能,主要包括数据接收模块、P波拾取模块、地震定位报告产出模块、地震事件图件绘制模块、地震波存储容器等。同时,用户可以根据自己的需求编写相应的功能模块。文章对该系统的应用进行了介绍,内容包括Earthworm系统的组织架构、业务流程、软件模块的主要功能搭建与配置及软件模块之间的逻辑关系等,目的在于介绍该系统的架构方法与使用心得,促进该系统在地震行业内得到应用与推广。     

A FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM METHOD FOR RAPID COMPUTATION OF GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO ARBITRARY BODIES*

The spectrum of a magnetic or a gravity anomaly due to a body of a given shape with either homogeneous magnetization or uniform density distribution can be expressed as a product of the Fourier transforms of the source geometry and the Green's function. The transform of the source geometry for any irregularly-shaped body can be accurately determined by representing the body as closely as possible by a number of prismatic bodies. The Green's function is not dependent upon the source geometry. So the analytical expression for its transform remains the same for all causative bodies. It is, therefore, not difficult to obtain the spectrum of an anomaly by multiplying the transform of the source geometry by that of the Green's function. Then the inverse of this spectrum, which yields the anomaly in the space domain, is calculated by using the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. Many examples show the reliability and accuracy of the method for calculating potential field anomalies.     

海上时移地震中多道匹配的观测系统重复性研究

观测系统的重复性是时移地震的关键问题.而对于全面评价,多道重复性度量又是很有意义的.基于归一化均方根差异计算方法,地震多道数据的重复性一般为单道数据重复性的加权均方根.针对海上拖缆监测数据与基线数据多道匹配不确定的问题,采取了定向最佳匹配原则和失配虚拟技术方法.基于地震数据重复性与观测系统重复性的线性相关模型,研究了时移地震观测系统的多道加权均方根重复性特征.结合实际数据研究表明,基于面元的观测系统最佳定向匹配的多道加权均方根重复性基本反映全部观测系统的重复性和覆盖程度.     

Research on RTP aeromagnetic gradient data and its applicability in different latitudes

Aeromagnetic gradient data needs to be reduced to the pole so that it can be better applied to geological interpretation through theoretical derivation. In this paper, we conduct research on the morphological characteristics of the total and horizontal gradient modules before and after reduction to the pole and design models at different latitudes, with consistent and inconsistent magnetic field direction and geological body magnetization direction. We discuss how to use the total gradient module and horizontal gradient module in geological interpretation. The reduced-to-the-pole (RTP) method is required for the horizontal gradient module method but not for the total gradient module. Finally, the conclusions derived from the theoretical models are verified through analysis of real data. The position determination of a geological body using the total gradient method, gradient data, or total-field data works better without RTP, ensuring data primitive authenticity. However, the horizontal gradient module should be reduced to the pole to determine the boundary of the geological body. Finally, the theoretical model is verified by actual data analysis. Both the total and horizontal gradient methods can be applied to geological interpretation.     

MICROMETER SCALE MORPHOLOGY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENT ON FAULT PLANES

Earthquakes commonly occur in the sliding surface of the fault zone. The morphology of the sliding surface is the result of fault activities, and also it evolves with the activities. The irregular geometry of the fault plane affects the sliding resistance, the concentration and anisotropy of the stress distribution within the fault plane and the fault shear strength. So, the acquisition of high-precision morphological features is of great significance for studying the correlation between fault surface morphology and seismic nucleation, fracture propagation and termination. Due to the lack of reliable micron-scale morphological measurement apparatus, the study of the coherence of the fault surface morphology from large scale(unit: m-cm)to small scale(unit: μm)is subject to restrictions, as well as the study of the relationship between the micro-morphology of the experimental frictional surface and the rupture process. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the fault plane and overcome the shortcomings of existing measurement methods, we have invented a morphology measurement system with independent intellectual property rights.
The measuring principle of this morphology measurement system is based on the laser rangefinder theory. The frame of this system consists of four parts: Braced Frame, Moving Scanner Unit, System-Controlling Unit and Data Collection Unit. Braced Frame is made up of high-adjustable frame, loading stage, dust-proof box and isolation platform, which is used to provide a vibration isolation, light proof and dust-proof measuring environment. Moving Scanner Unit contains a laser head and a two-dimensional translation stag, the laser head is used to measure vertical distance and a two-dimensional translation stage carrying a laser head moving in X-axis and Y-axis orientation to provide X, Y coordinate values. System-Controlling Unit includes two-dimensional translation stage controller, laser head controller and signal convertor. The function of this part is mainly to control operation of other parts. The Data Collection Unit is composed of computer system and software module. This part connects other parts for receiving and storing data. In order to improve the scan efficiency, we developed new software by which we can precisely control the measuring process and efficiently process the acquired data. The software is comprised of five modules: 1)Move Module, this module is used to control the original moving of the laser head relative to the two-dimension translation stage and display the 3-dimensional coordinate information in real time; 2)Set Parameters of Scan Area, the function of this module is to obtain the XY coordinate values of four corner points of the target area to scan; 3)Scan Method Module, though this part, we can control the point spacing in the X-axis orientation by inputting velocity of laser header, as well as the point spacing in X-axis orientation by inputting the Y-step parameter; 4)Pre-Scan Module, there are three functions in this module to inspect whether the z-value of the target area is beyond the range of the laser head or not, estimate consuming time for scanning the object area under the predefined parameters and to estimate the size of the result file; and 5)Scan Module, the function of this module is to store the scanning data.
We scanned the camera lens and the standard plate whose standard deviations are lower than 5μm to acquire the precision of the measurement system, and the results show that the precision of the plane positioning (X-axis and Y-axis direction)is better than 3.5μm; the vertical measurement precision is better than 4.5μm. The highest resolution of the measurement system is constrained by the performance of the laser head and two-dimension translation stage, and the horizontal resolution can reach 0.62μm, vertical resolution 0.25μm. When the needed resolution is lower than the highest, we can achieve it through adjusting the parameter of the velocity in the X-axis orientation and steps in the Y-axis orientation. To test the practical effect of the measurement system, we scanned an area of frictional surface of experimental rock using this system and obtained a high-resolution topography data. From the DEM interpolated from the cloud data, we can observe the striation on the fault plane and the variation of the roughness distribution. The roughness and slope distribution results show that the topography measurement system can meet our requirements for analyzing the microscopic morphology on the micrometer scale.
Compared with traditional measurement devices, the morphology measurement system has the following advantages: 1)The measurement system can obtain the data even in a valley region with a large dip angle on the surface because the vertically emitted beam by the laser head is practically perpendicular to the surface. So compared with other means, it can avoid producing a blank area of measurements and get a complete area; 2)the measurement system has a larger measurement range of 30cm×30cm. When the high-resolution measurement is performed on a large scale, the error caused by the registration of multiple measurement results can also be avoided.     

正演模拟技术在地震采集设计中的应用

随着地震勘探开发的不断深入和发展,地震勘探的主战场逐渐向复杂地区转移.复杂地区既指地表条件复杂的地区,也指地下地质构造和地层条件复杂的地区,这些都对地震勘探提出了新的挑战和更高的要求.地震正演模拟正是开展此类问题研究的一个重要手段和方法.目前市场上具有正演模拟功能的软件大多是根据射线理论采用射线追踪的方法来完成正演模拟的,这种方法不能很好地反映地震波的动力学特征,特别是在复杂地区难以得到正确的结果.本文利用高阶有限差分有效克服了常规有限差分算法求解波动方程的频散问题,并以高效的OpenMP并行计算模式进行了并行优化,较大程度上提高了正演计算的速度和精度;同时实现了二阶Higdon边界条件,改善了边界吸收效果;也在一定程度上提高了计算速度.塔中地区主要目的层埋藏深,逆断层发育,地震反射特征复杂,增加了地震勘探的难度.本文依据该地区的地质模型,利用波动方程正演技术论证了该地区的地震采集观测系统,为该区地震采集观测系统的设计提供了科学依据.     

EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT GRADATION ON THE GEOMETRY OF RIVER DELTAS

l INTRODUCTlONIn this study, formation of alluvial deltas was treated as a river-dominated type of topograPhy process,caused simply by sediment deposition from a channel into a wide basin. The influences of waves, tides,and density differences related to coastal effects were excluded. There have been numerous experimentalstUdies on river delta problems. For examPle, Shieh et al. (1988, 1997) used coarse sediment asexperimental material and revealed the development and the geometric simil…     

非规则测区三维地震偏移的边界吸收层法

对不规则测区的地震资料直接进行三维偏移不仅可减少计算量,而且可提高偏移剖面的质量. 本文在单程波方程中增加了一项简单的阻尼因子,其作用如同在实际不规则测区的外部有一个薄吸收层. 因为波穿越这个薄层时,波场值迅速衰减,所以偏移时把吸收层外边界处的波场值取为零所产生的反射非常微弱. 又因为不规则测区零边界条件偏移程序极易编制,所以就可以实现对不规则测区的地震资料直接进行三维偏移. 通过对实际地震资料的处理,说明了该方法的有效性.