增长曲线模型误差方差的二次型估计可容许的必要条件

对于增长曲线模型Y=ABC εEε=0,cov(vecε)=σ2(Ip(○X)G)在二次损失函数下,研究了当A为非行满秩矩阵时误差方差的二次型估计的容许性,并得出二次型估计可容许的必要条件.     

协方差阵二次型估计可容许的充要条件

该文研究协方差阵Σ的二次型容许估计问题。设 y1,y2 ,… ,yn　 iid,n≥ 2 ,y1与 p维正态分布 N(β,Σ)有相同的前四阶矩。其中 β=(β1,β2 ,… ,βp)′∈Rp与 Σ=(σij) p× p>0均未知。记 y=Δ(y1,y2 ,… ,yn)′。在损失函数 L (d ,Σ) =tr(d -Σ) 2 下给出Σ的二次型估计在 D={ y′Ay:A≥ 0 ,A∈Rn× n}容许的充要条件     

微分方程和微分差分方程的穏定性

引言 我们研究方程组 其中y是p维向量,z是q维向量,假设在闭域 ||y||≤A,||z||≤A,t≥τ 中(?)的右部连续并满足李普西茲条件,又 Y(o,o,t)≡Z(o,o,t)≡0 设ρ(t)是连续的q维向量,我们构造方程组 dy/dt=Y(y;ρ(t);t)     

协方差阵的二次型容许估计

该文研究协方差阵 Σ的二次型容许估计问题。设 y1,y2 ,… ,yn iid,n≥ 2 ,y1与 p维正态分布 N β,Σ有相同的前四阶矩。其中 β=β1,β2 ,… ,βp ′∈ RP与 Σ=σij p× p>0均未知。记y=△ (y1,y2 ,… ,yn)′。在损失函数 L(d,Σ) =tr(d- Σ) 2下给出 Σ的二次型估计在 D={ y′ Ay∶ A≥ 0 ,A∈ Rn× n}中容许的必要条件是 y′ Ay必须具有 a S2 + nb y-y-′的形式。并进而得出当 b=0时 a S2 作为Σ的容许估计的充要条件     

线性时滞微分方程解的振动准则

建立线性时滞微分方程x (t) ∑ni=1 pi(t) x(t- τi(t) ) =0 ,　　t≥ to的所有解振动的新准则。当 pi(t) ,τi(t) (i=1 ,2 ,… ,n)均为常数时 ,条件是充分必要的。     

甲醛对Nessler法和次氯酸酚盐法测定养殖水体总氨氮的影响

水体中含一定浓度的甲醛 ,用 Nessler法测得的总氨氮 (TAN)浓度远远高于实际浓度 ,差异百分数最高达 4 5 0 .0 6 % ;用次氯酸酚盐法测得的总氨氮 (TAN)浓度则明显低于实际浓度 ,差异百分数最高可达 84 .77%。甲醛浓度范围为 10～ 4 0 mg/ L、TAN浓度为 1～ 10 mg/ L,通过双因素有重复观察值的交叉实验 ,得到如下矫正式 :(1)用 Nessler法测 TAN时 ,Y=4 .0 5 2 9- 0 .0 72 4 x1+ 0 .2 0 6 4x2 ,标准误差为 1.3381;(2 )用次氯酸酚盐法测 TAN时 ,Y=0 .1196 + 0 .0 345 x1+ 1.0 0 2 2 x2 ,标准误差为 0 .4 6 2 7。 Y为 TAN实际浓度 (mg/ L) ,x1为甲醛浓度 (mg/ L) ,x2 为测得的 TAN浓度(mg/ L )。比较含氨氮水体与不含氨氮水体中的甲醛浓度 ,方差分析结果表明 ,没有显著差异。     

协方差阵二次型容许估计的一个必要条件

研究协方差阵Σ的二次型容许估计问题。设 y1,y2 ,… ,yniid,n≥ 2 ,y1与 p维正态分布N (β,Σ )有相同的前四阶矩。其中β =(β1,β2 ,… ,βp)′∈ Rp与Σ =(σij) p× p >0均未知。记 y =△ (y1,y2 ,… ,yn)′。在二次损失 L (d ,Σ ) =tr(d -Σ) 2下给出Σ的二次型估计 a S2 + nby-y-′是容许估计的必要条件为 :(n - 1) a + b + 2 max(a,b)≤ 1。此必要条件比张立振等协方差阵的二次型容许估计中的必要条件有了明显的加强     

风浪频谱的成长模型Ⅰ.谱参量随风区的增长关系

为得到谱参量随风区的变化关系,从而更细致地刻画风浪频谱的成长方式.在动力学方程的控制下,基于三参量风浪频谱,利用动力-统计学相结合的方法导出了谱参量(谱宽度B、谱的零阶矩～m0、谱的峰频率～ω0)随风场要素(风区)的成长关系分别为:B=5.68×10-3～X9.482×10-1-4.66×10-2ln-x;～m0=1.356×10-8～x2.367-1.097×10-1ln～x;～ω=4.082×101～X-7.623×10-1+3.71×10-2ln～x.同时得到了简化形式的波陡δ、波龄β与谱宽度之间的关系为:δ=2.14×10-2B-1.05-4.26×10-1lnB,β=1.26B1.28+1.97×10-1ln(B).此外,还得出了受风场要素控制的,谱的零阶矩与谱的峰频率之间新关系为:{ω0=a1～m0-0.33 a1=1.034×10-1～X1.872×10-2+8.50×10-4ln～x,从而阐明了先前的各种经验关系是新关系在取不同风区值时的特例.可见,将动力学原理引入风浪频谱的研究,所建立的谱参量随风区的变化关系与先前的经验公式相比更加合理,且普适性更强.     

广东阳西近岸海域海浪谱分析

根据广东阳西近岸海域测站1a实测共4 949组的原始随机波面观测记录,用自相关函数法和快速傅里叶变换法进行谱估计,得到波谱各特征参数,并与实测波面统计的特征值进行比较,经分析,选用快速傅里叶变换法估计研究海域的实测谱,对粗谱进行平滑和分析,筛选出研究海域海浪的样本谱498个,将平滑后的谱形无维量化,得到广东阳西海域海浪无维量平均谱曲线并求出对应谱参数,计算得到谱峰频率f0为0.121,特征频率μ10、μ20分别为1.929、2.733,谱宽度ε、ν为0.83、1.39.采用5种理论频谱模式对实测无维量谱进行拟合,根据拟合结果推荐γ=1.920 5的JONSWAP谱或者b=5.7、δ=6.0、k=0.5的莆田谱作为广东阳西近岸海域的海浪谱型,对该海区的工程建设、海浪预报警报和海浪理论研究具有较好的参考作用,对我国其他类似海域也有一定的参考价值.     

网箱养殖大黄鱼生长特性的研究

对宁德地区网箱养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)生长特性进行了研究。测定了780尾大黄鱼25个月龄的各项生长数据,体长变幅为20.5~320.0 mm,体质量变动范围为0.281~555.5 g;生长指标显示,体长生长指标为0.208~2.123,体质量生长指标为0.529~47.579;肥满度波动范围为1.74%~2.37%;肝指数变动范围为0.92%~2.07%;鳔生长指数为1.08%~1.85%;雌鱼性腺成熟系数为0~10.04%,而雄鱼则为0~2.27%。以Keys氏公式W=aLb,拟合25月龄养殖大黄鱼的体长(L)与体质量(W)的关系式为:W=0.0195 L 2.9775(R2=0.9959),其中b≈3,即此生长阶段的网箱养殖大黄鱼生长均匀,为等速生长类型;体质量生长呈幂函数生长,其回归方程为:y=1.8617x1.8099(R2=0.9931)。体长Y(cm)与养殖时间X(月龄)的生长呈二次多项式关系,其回归方程为:y=?0.0259x2+1.7125x+4.1534(R2=0.989)。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.