分光光度法测定混合稀土氧化物中的镧铈合量

为解决以重稀土为主的稀土矿中少量镧铈合量的测定问题,本文提出了以Zn-EDTA和EDTA联合掩蔽La、Ce以外的大量轻、重稀土并以对乙酰基偶氮胂为显色剂测定了龙南混合稀土氧化物中少量La和Ce合量,结果令人满意。     

锶掺杂的正铌酸镧超细粉体的合成与性能

采用溶胶低温燃烧法和高温固相反应法制备了锶掺杂的正铌酸镧（La0.95Sr0.05NbO4）超细陶瓷粉体。应用XRD、SEM和激光粒度分析仪等对陶瓷粉体的物相、粒度和粒度分布进行了表征,同时考察了两种方法制备的粉体的烧结性能。结果表明：采用溶胶低温燃烧法制备的La0.95Sr0.05NbO4（LSNb）为粒径〈100 nm、粒度分布范围窄的超细粉体;高温固相反应法制备的粒径为0.5-1.0μm、呈球形的LSNb超细陶瓷粉体。溶胶低温燃烧法制备的粉体在1 250℃烧结10 h形成致密的陶瓷片;高温固相反应法制备的粉体在1 400℃以上烧结10 h致密。两种LSNb致密膜均具有一定的透氢作用,900℃氢渗速率分别为1.96×10^-3mL·cm^-2·min^-1和1.67×10^-3mL·cm^-2·min^-1。     

高频燃烧-红外碳硫吸收仪快速测定含铜烧结物料中的高含量硫

应用高频燃烧-红外碳硫吸收法测定含铜烧结物中的高含量硫。对样品称样量、助熔剂的种类、加入顺序、用量等测定条件进行研究。由于样品含硫量的不同,根据矿石标准样品中含硫量的比例关系确定具体的称样量。以纯铁屑和钨粒作助熔剂,高温燃烧分解试样,红外检测可定量测定含铜烧结物样品中含量为1%~23%的硫。方法加标回收率为94%~113%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于2%。与经典的硫酸钡重量法对比,相对误差小于4%。建立的方法解决了大宗含铜烧结物中硫快速、准确测定的问题,已应用于实际的日常检验工作。     

CO_2饱和条件下水热合成LaPO_4纳米线的实验

稀土磷酸盐La PO4功能材料的性能取决于晶体结构、形貌和晶粒大小等因素,而不同制备方法又影响其晶体结构、形貌和晶粒大小。本文采用La(NO3)3·6H2O和(NH4)2HPO4作为实验初始物,分别在不含CO2条件下水热合成了La PO4纳米棒和在CO2饱和条件下水热合成了La PO4纳米线。结果表明,与不含CO2的常规水热合成方法相比,CO2饱和水热条件下合成的La PO4的XRD衍射峰更尖锐、结晶度更好,且该方法合成的La PO4纳米线尺寸均匀、长径比大、晶界清晰。     

钙钛矿-锶钛矿-钠镧钛矿体系化合物晶体化学的研究概况

钙钛矿—锶钛矿—钠镧钛矿三元系是钙钛矿族矿物的典型代表。常温常压下CaTiO3为Pbnm结构，但随温度增高可分别相变为I4／mcm和Pm3m结构；SrTiO3的稳定结构是Pm3m14／mcm相；Na／2Ln1／2TiO3的结构则随Ln代表的元素种类不同而有所差异。三个端员组分在压力下的结构变化均没有明确的结论。在三个二元系中，只有CaTiO3—SrTiO3体系研究较深入，并已给出了T-X相图。本从样品的合成实验及高温和高压原位测量等方面展望钙钛矿型化合物的晶体化学研究及其意义。     

我国首次发现的氟镧矿的矿物学研究

本文报道了新近在我国河南太平镇破碎带蚀变岩型轻稀土矿中发现的一个稀土氟化物矿物的矿物学特征。该矿物以集合体形式与氟铈矿、氟碳铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿、羟硅铈矿等紧密共生,手标本上为乳白至浅黄色,半透明,玻璃光泽,贝壳-不规则断口,不完全解理,白色条痕,性脆,摩氏硬度约为4～5,计算密度6. 07 g/cm3;偏光显微镜下呈无色透明,粒状-板状,一轴晶,负光性,ω=1. 611,ε=1. 605。电子探针分析得出矿物的经验化学式为(La0. 48Ce0. 42Nd0. 07Pr0. 03) F2. 97; X射线单晶衍射分析表明,该矿物属于六方晶系,晶胞参数:a=0. 71400(4) nm,c=0. 72980(5) nm,Z=6,空间群P63cm(No.185);激光拉曼光谱特征峰主要包括228、308、370 cm-1,应为La-F振动引起。上述特征与氟镧矿特征一致,从而确定该矿物为氟镧矿。这是该矿物在我国的首次报道。     

油页岩提硅渣铝溶出实验研究

针对提取氧化硅后的油页岩灰渣,对改良碱石灰烧结法提取氧化铝过程中的铝溶出进行了实验研究,主要探讨了烧结温度、烧结时间、碱铝比及钙硅比对烧结熟料中的物相特点及铝溶出率的影响。运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对烧结熟料进行的物相分析结果显示,主要物相为铝酸钠(NaAlO₂)和硅酸钙钠(Na₂CaSiO₄)。烧结实验结果表明,当烧结温度为1 150℃,保温时间为1.5 h,碱铝比为1.0,钙硅比为1.0时,烧结熟料中氧化铝的标准溶出率可达94%。     

稀土La添加量对预合金铁基胎体性能的影响

通过分析不同稀土La添加量对铁基胎体烧结性能的影响,指出在本试验使用预合金粉末和烧结条件下,当La添加量为0.1%时,胎体材料的综合力学性能最好。此外,适量的稀土La加入铁基胎体粉末后可以改善粉末分布的均匀性,提高金属胎体对金刚石的包镶能力。     

铒掺杂镧钛酸钾的光催化性能研究

通过高温固相反应制备了Er3+掺杂的nEr2O3:K2La2Ti3O10系列光催化剂,对样品进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见吸收光谱和比表面积分析,并以染料降解考察了样品的光催化活性.研究表明.Er3+的适量掺杂抑制了K2La2Ti3O10粒径生长,增加了K2La2Ti3O10对太阳光的利用率.提高了K2La2Ti3O10的光催化活性.当n=0.003时,K2La2Ti3O10的光催化活性最大,在可见光和紫外光辎照下,可将多种染料水溶液降解.在可见光辐照下,其光催化活性优于市售的光催化剂TiO2(P25).     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定纯氧化镧中稀土和非稀土杂质

研究了用感耦等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定纯氧化镧中Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｙ，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ和Ｓｉ１０个杂质元素的方法。考察了基体镧的光谱干扰，共存元素间光谱干扰及校正方法，方法检出限为０．０００５－０．０３９μｇ／ｍｌ；标准加入量１μｇ／ｍｌ时，回收率为９５％－１０６％；１０μｇ／ｍｌ的标准溶液，测定１０次，ＲＳＤ为０．２４％－１．０１％。方法简单，快速，不震分离富集，适用于氧     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861