天津市重力数据三维可视化反演建模研究

基于对天津市全区布格重力数据采用NVDR-THDR技术处理的基础上,对断裂体系、构造单元进行了判别和划分,并以Geosoft为平台,通过Visual C++软件接口的开发,实现了对天津市重力数据三维反演计算及可视化建模动态展示。通过模型截取剖面与实测数据拟合剖面对比,表明三维可视化模型是可靠的,能直观和真实地揭示地下地质体的空间展布。     

本溪—集安地区三维地质结构重磁电综合解释

本溪—集安地区的三维地质填图对于该区深部找矿具有重要意义。本文通过对该区5条实测重磁电剖面的数据处理以及对实测物性标本数据的整理分析,结合该区已有地质、地球物理等其它资料,对5条剖面进行了综合地质地球物理解释,初步得到了研究区的三维地质结构。     

一种约束实测水平巷道提高矿山地质体三维自动建模精度的算法

矿山勘探钻孔数据无法完全反映矿下地层的复杂赋存形态,水平巷道实测信息中揭露的地质信息往往能够较好地反映层状地质结构体在局部地区空间形态与岩性属性信息。在现有的矿山三维自动建模算法中,矿山地质体模型往往与巷道模型分开建立,较少有算法有效地将采掘工程中探明的地层信息用到矿山地层模型之中,进而造成巷道揭露的地层走向与地质结构体模型无法叠合的情况。针对这个问题,提出一种基于实测水平巷道数据更新实际勘探钻孔绘制的剖面图,并辅助建立虚拟钻孔、虚拟剖面反映出巷道地质信息,利用实际钻孔、实际剖面、虚拟钻孔、虚拟剖面共同约束,进而自动构建出矿山三维地质体模型。最后,利用某矿的实际数据进行验证,说明利用实测水平巷道数据约束建立的矿山三维地质体模型更与实际地层分布情况更为接近,并能够提高矿山三维地质模型与巷道揭露地层形态与地层走向叠合精度,说明了本算法的有效性。     

基于勘探剖面的三维地质模型快速构建及不确定性分析

针对传统勘探剖面构模人工干预较多、模型精确性有待提高等问题,研究了一种智能化与人机交互相结合的三维地质模型快速构建方法,并结合该方法对控制模型不确定性的主要因素及约束方法进行了分析。该方法以面向勘探剖面的三维地质模型构建工作流程为主线,通过优化提升各环节自动化、智能化工作程度以提高三维地质模型构建的速度与精度。基于该方法研发的软件功能模块能较好地实现勘探剖面二维平面快速编图及剖面边界三维空间动态重构,进而基于三维勘探剖面实现面向用户自定义属性约束的地质界线动态提取和三维地质模型快速构建。经实际应用检验表明,该方法不仅能有效提高三维地质模型构建的效率和精度,而且对模型几何形态的不确定性程度具有较好的约束控制作用。     

基于地表地质调查剖面网络基础上的复杂造山带三维地质调查与建模方法

三维地质填图是一项探索性很强的开拓性工作,目前尚无成熟经验可循.对于地球物理和钻探资料相对有限的复杂造山带成矿带地区,区域性的三维地质结构的揭示更具挑战性.结合西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区三维地质填图实践,提出造山带基岩三维地质填图的基本思路,对具有一定幅面一定比例尺的区域三维地质填图与建模的方法技术进行了总结,提出针对造山带区域的“基于地表地质调查剖面网络基础上的地质-地球物理-钻孔联合约束的三维地质调查方法体系”,探索实践“基于地表地质调查剖面网络基础上的三维地质建模技术方法”,强调建模的数据基础来自地表基础地质调查的系统路线剖面和实测剖面,即以地表实测地质路线为基础结合地球物理和钻探资料向下合理延拓,从而实现“区域三维地质填图”概念上的三维地质结构的数字表达.      

基于GMS的山西辛安泉域地下含水层结构模型研究

辛安泉域岩溶地区存在较多岩溶管道、人工采煤巷道和复杂的地质构造等,水文地质条件十分复杂。为准确构建辛安泉域三维地表水-地下水数值模型,开展岩溶水资源承载力评价,需要精确建立辛安泉域三维地下含水层结构模型。采用GMS软件基于实际钻孔数据资料、虚拟钻孔数据和水文地质剖面资料精细建立长治市辛安泉域岩溶含水层三维含水层结构模型。结果表明,采用GMS模型,基于实际钻孔数据资料、虚拟钻孔数据和水文地质剖面资料建立的长治市辛安泉域三维含水层结构模型更接近实际,采用这种方法构建含水层结构模型能够为后期精确建立长治市辛安泉域三维地表水-地下水数值模型打下坚实的基础。     

北京五环城区浅部沉积层的三维地质结构建模

随着城市地下空间的开发利用,对三维地质结构的掌握成为科学合理开发利用地下空间的基本前提,三维地质模型的创建也得以迅速发展。三维地质结构模型可以直观展示地层空间分布形态,为地下空间资源的科学规划提供基础数据。本次工作首次完成了北京五环城区(750 km~2)的三维地质结构模型创建。建模工作基于研究区广泛分布的数千工程钻孔,通过筛选、标准化钻孔数据,绘制相应标准化地层剖面(107条),创建了钻孔模型,以及北京五环城区地下50 m以浅三维地质结构模型,并完成精度验证。本次建模过程整理了大量工程钻孔数据,综合考虑了冲洪积扇发育区地层互层、相交、尖灭、透镜体等复杂的地质现象,具有代表性,可为类似地质建模工作提供借鉴。此外,北京城区三维地质结构模型直观展示了研究区浅部的地层分布与地层结构,为后续三维属性模型的创建提供了实体框架,亦为区内地下空间资源地质评价提供了数据支撑。     

基于无人机倾斜摄影的数字露头实景三维模型构建

地质露头在地质研究中具有极其重要的地位。传统地质露头野外数据采集多以相机拍照、人工测量为主,存在诸多局限性。基于无人机的倾斜摄影技术及其配套的快速三维建模技术是近年发展起来的高新技术。本文将无人机倾斜摄影技术引入地质露头数据采集中,研究了基于无人机倾斜摄影的数字露头实景三维模型构建方法并详细论述了工作流程。文章以鄂尔多斯盆地大石头井沟剖面和二道沟剖面为例进行了案例分析。研究表明：基于构建的数字露头实景三维模型可进行剖面量测、岩层岩性分析、岩层走向分析、岩层叠覆情况分析等多种地质分析。相较于传统地质露头数据采集方式,该方法具有真实全面、高效易用的特点。     

基于实时矢量剪切的三维地质体模型序贯剖面可视分析方法

三维地质模型是地质结构、成分、构造和地质数据在三维可视化空间的有效载体。而基于矢量剪切技术的地质切片,可以直接从三维地质体模型上快速提取纵横交错的虚拟地质剖面,直观地显示地下某一位置的地层结构及地质构造的空间形态。但孤立的地质剖面不能很好地表征地质结构、构造及地质现象的空间连续变化。为此,提出了一种基于实时矢量剪切的三维地质体模型的序贯剖面可视分析方法。运用基于多线程的实时矢量剪切技术,分别完成每个虚拟剖面的地质结构、构造和属性特征的布尔运算,生成具有空间拓扑结构和属性特征的可视化地质切片;依次生成整个地质体模型的多组序贯剖面,最终实现对三维地质模型的结构进行连续、动态显示。通过定制界面进行扫描方向、线程、剖面帧数等参数的控制,具有很好的灵活性、可控性和自动化程度,实现了对三维地质模型的实时、多角度序贯剖面的动态扫描,使得地质空间可视化分析更加直观、高效、灵活。     

基于松散地层标准化的三维建模

由于北京的地理位置较为特殊,地质构造较为复杂,冲洪积扇和古河道等作用较为多样,第四纪地层剖面标准化工作进行的还不够详尽,发展较其他城市稍显滞后。本文通过前人对北京市平原区第四纪地层的划分,在已有基准孔网和三维结构的基础上,对常营地区第四纪地层进行了更为详尽的标准化分层(共分为39层),进而利用计算机建立了标准地层数据库,完成了三维准自动化地质体模型构建工作,实现了地面沉降模型与视电阻率属性模型的耦合显示,进行了基本分析,验证了研究区相同流域,距离1km2的区域通过标准化分层自动构建地质体模型。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861