择优取向在粘土矿物X射线衍射定量分析中的应用研究

采用Ｋ值法,以蛇纹石或白云母矿为参比物,利用晶面的择优取向,对蒙脱石粘土、海泡石粘土、凹凸棒石粘土和高岭石粘土进行Ｘ射线物相定量分析,取得满意结果。同时总结出这些粘土矿物的Ｋ值,并在此基础上讨论与择优取向相关的问题。     

粘土矿物X射线衍射相定量分析方法与实验

粘土矿物的物相定量分析在地质研究中有着广泛的应用。本概述了该方法的原理和特点，并讨论了实验中要注意的问题，在对实验结果做了分析之后认为：用x射线衍射方法解决粘土矿物的物相定量问题，虽然只能给出半定量的结果，但是它简单、快捷、重复性好，且有行业标准为依据，仍不失为一种地质研究中常规的物相定量分析方法。     

土壤中高岭石的X射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析方法研究

本文通过提纯高纯度石英、方解石、高岭石,配置了三种已知矿物成分含量的土壤模拟样品（高岭石、石英二相模拟土壤样品,高岭石、石英、方解石三相模拟土壤样品,高岭石、自然土壤混合样品）,利用X射线衍射TOPAS全谱拟合定量分析方法对配制的9组高岭石、石英二相模拟土壤样品,9组高岭石、石英、方解石三相模拟土壤样品,9组高岭石、自然土壤混合样品三种系列覆盖4个矿物梯度的模拟土壤实验样品进行矿物定量分析,成功对比了其矿物理论含量与测试含量。通过对不含高岭石系土壤和含高岭石系土壤加标高岭石的方法,验证了X射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析法可以应用于土壤高岭石定量分析的稳定性与准确性。     

蒙脱石X射线及热重定量分析方法试验

本文介绍用X射线“K值法”、“直接法”和热重法对粘土矿物蒙脱石做了物相定量方法实验。提出了应用结晶度选择蒙脱石标样的简便方法,其精度能满足矿床评价要求,并应用于实际。     

粘土矿物X射线定量分析计算方法探讨

摘要：粘土矿物Ｘ射线定量分析计算方法探讨廖立兵（材料系北京１０００８３）多数土壤或岩石中的粘土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物,１９６４年,Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ提出了一种能同时计算出以上５种主要粘土矿物含量的方法［１］。１９８６年...     

花岗岩类主要造岩矿物的X射线衍射定量分析方法的研究

本文介绍了X射线衍射无标样解联立方程测定多元物相含量的方法和原理。用X射线衍射、求积仪、化学分析三种方法同时对十三个花岗岩样中的主要造岩矿物的含量进行了测定,结果比较一致。这证明用X射线衍射无标样的解联立方程法测定多元物相的含量是可行的。 由于以往的X射线定量分析需提取纯样作标样,但有些样品提纯相当困难,从而使X射线定量分析工作受到一定限制。本文采用无标样解联立方程的方法,仅在被测样品中加入合适的参考物质,测出各物相的参考常数K,便可测定各物相的重量百分数。正确测定花岗岩类的主要造岩矿物的含量,不仅能为花岗岩类的正确命名提供依据,而且对花岗岩的演化和成因的探讨也很有意义。以前这项繁杂的工作,主要用求积仪和化学分析的方法来进行,既费工又费时,其结果往往不理想。尤其是对斑状和细粒花岗岩,求积仪法难以测定,只能靠目估。为此,作者开展了用X射线衍射法测定花岗岩中主要造岩矿物含量的研究。通过对十三个花岗岩样的测试证明,用无标样解联立方程法,测定花岗岩中多种物相的含量是行之有效的。     

大颗粒黏土矿物对黏土矿物X射线衍射定量分析的影响

现行X射线衍射分析黏土矿物都是提取粒径小于2μm的悬浮溶液检测样品的黏土矿物组合及含量,含量数据有时与其他检测数据相悖。在鄂尔多斯盆地黏土矿物研究中,通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜发现存在粒径大于2μm的黏土矿物颗粒,特别是高岭石的粒径多为3～10μm,这些大颗粒黏土矿物会造成含量数据不准确。为了证明大颗粒黏土矿物对其含量测量的影响,本文设计了不同粒径标准的提取物对比试验:随机选取267个样品,每个样品分别按照10μm和2μm标准提取两份悬浮溶液制成测试片,采用SY/T5163—2010行业标准中的检测方法得到10μm和2μm提取物的黏土矿物组合及含量。通过对比发现大颗粒黏土矿物对各类黏土矿物的相对含量测量结果有明显影响:10μm提取物中高岭石含量明显增大;伊利石/蒙脱石间层矿物含量显著降低;伊利石含量的变化小且无规律;绿泥石含量整体变化较小,少量样品中绿泥石含量发生了明显的偏离,与大颗粒高岭石的赋存有关。本研究提出应结合地质状况和工作目的审慎选择提取粒径的标准,对SY/T 5163—2010中的黏土矿物提取粒径标准作出修订。     

泥页岩组构X射线衍射定量分析方法

泥页岩组构意指构成泥页岩的成分单位（分散颗粒、矿物晶体和胶结物等）的空间定向性。首先详细地论述了利用Ｘ射线衍射仪进行泥页岩组构分析的基本原理和实验方法，而后为便于定量地描述泥页岩的组构特征，引入了“定向度”概念并据此把泥页岩组构分成５种类型，进而详细地论述了实际样品分析中的定向度计算方法以及渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷（大港油田）部分泥页岩样品的计算实例     

混合相中硅线石和莫来石的X射线衍射定性定量分析

对混合相中硅线石和莫来石的Ｘ射线衍射定性,定量分析表明,选取硅线石的ｄ（３３２）Ｓ峰,莫来石的ｄ（３３１）Ｍ峰或硅线石的ｄ（２２０）Ｓ峰,莫来石的ｄ（２２０）Ｍ峰放慢扫描速度,可定性分析硅线石和莫来石;选取硅线石的ｄ（３３２）Ｓ峰,莫来石的ｄ（３３１）Ｍ峰,采用计算机拟合分峰改进自清洗法,可定量分析硅线石和莫来石。经电子探针验证,实验方法准确,可行。     

Methane Adsorption on Montmorillonite,Kaolinite and Illite at High Pressures

Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon production. Methane (CH4) is the dominant component of shale gas, and adsorbed gas is an important reservoir form. Many studies have investigated the adsorption capacities and adsorption mechanisms of CH4 in shale. Organic matters and clay minerals have been proposed to be the two major components for CH4 adsorption. Adsorption of CH4 in organic matters, such as the adsorption capacity and effects of characteristics of the organic matters, has been well investigated. However, studies on CH4 adsorption on clay minerals have mainly focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity, and very little information about the adsorption mechanism has been provided. For example, the adsorption sites and factors influencing CH4 adsorption on clay minerals remain unclear. Three main reasons account for this: (1) the co-existence of organic matters in samples affects the evaluation of CH4 adsorption on clay minerals; (2) the pressures used during adsorption are not representative of actual reservoir pressures; and (3) the clay minerals selected have low swelling capacity and a smaller interlayer distances than a CH4 size, resulting in the misunderstanding of the CH4 adsorption sites.     

蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石对重金属离子吸附容量的实验研究

在pH=4,t=23℃和微量浓度条件下,不改变离子浓度,通过增加吸附液体积进而增加体系中重金属离子含量的方法进行了蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr3+等重金属离子吸附容量的实验研究,结果表明,3种矿物吸附容量大小顺序为蒙脱石>伊利石>高岭石,与其阳离子交换容量密切相关.Cu-蒙脱石和Cr-蒙脱石的X射线衍射结果表明,Cu2+、Cr3+通过离子交换作用进入了蒙脱石的层间.同一矿物对不同重金属离子也有不同的吸附容量蒙脱石Cr3+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Pb2+;高岭石Cr3+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cu2+>Cd2+;伊利石Cr3+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>Pb2+.     

Identification of Microfabric of Kaolinite Clay Mineral Using X-ray Diffraction Technique

A new method is introduced in this study to identify the microfabric (geometric arrangement of platelets) of cohesive soil using standard X-ray diffractometer. Various sampling techniques are used to prepare the Kaolinite clay samples with different microfabrics to assess the consistency and versatility of the proposed method. This method is based on identifying the presence of basal and prism peaks from the X-ray diffraction pattern and corresponding relative intensity values. The present study also demonstrates the conditions for which Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) are not capable of accurately identifying the microfabric of cohesive soils. The method proposed in this study uses relative amplitudes of basal and prism peaks avoiding difficult sample and surface preparation procedures, as used by previous researchers in their microfabric identification methods. The proposed method is found to be a rapid and accurate method for identifying the microfabric of Kaolinite clay and should prove to be valuable for routine implementation for studying structured natural clays.     

X射线衍射定量分相分析的策略架构

引入分析策略的概念,揭示了当代研究X射线衍射定量相分析方法的正确途径。通过策略的系统演绎,对现今X射线定量相分析的基本方法进行了全面的构筑和科学分类,总共有7类分析方法,分别称之为内标消约法、外标消约法、样内异相消约法、样间异相消约法、样间同相消约法、归并C值法和理论计算法,并对各类方法的固有特点作了全面的概括。阐述了如何用现代谱图拟合技术进行常规定量方法的扩展以实现择优取向的强度修正。     

香港风化花岗岩细观结构研究方法

应用光学显微镜和Qwin图像分析系统,对风化花岗岩的微观结构进行了定量分析,介绍了包括含量、粒度、方向孔隙度、形状系数、定向性等定量指标。根据分析的结果指出,香港地区九龙观塘花岗岩为中风化至强风化细粒花岗岩,石硖尾花岗岩为强风化粗中粒花岗岩。     

A Comparative Quantitative Study of an Omani Soil Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique

Two methods for the quantification of clay minerals using X-ray diffraction techniques: the Constant Mineral Standards Method and the Constant Clay Method were applied to soil samples from Al-Khod (Northern Oman). The first method was based on the addition of different concentrations of clay to constant mineral standards while the latter was based on the additions of known internal standards to the clay sample. The clay investigated in this study contained montmorillonite, palygorskite, illite and kaolinite. The areas of the reflection peaks were found to relate linearly with additions of different proportions of clay or mineral standards. Using the two methods, the concentrations of the different components and their experimental errors were determined. From the errors and self consistency of the results obtained, and the practicality of sample preparation, it is proposed to use the Constant Mineral Standards Method.     

电子探针能谱矿物定量分析

文章以不同类型矿物作为分析实例,说明电子探针能谱仪和谱仪在矿物分析中的作用。实验表明使用能谱各类矿物主元素进行定量分析,既满足精密要求又能缩短分析时间,提高工效约２０倍,对能谱用于定量分析过程中的若干技术问题进行了讨论,以期获得最佳精密度的分析结果。     

A Comparison Study of Synkinematic Illite Isolation,Quantitative X-ray Powder Diffraction,and K-Ar Dating for Direct Fault Gouge Analyses

K-Ar dating of synkinematic illite is increasingly recognized as a central method to constrain the timing of shallow crustal faulting. Methods of efficient sample preparation and quantitative identification of illite polytypes are critical to acquiring K-Ar isotope data for authigenic clays. In this respect, we compared the commonly used clay size separation method through centrifugation with vacuum filtration technology, showing that the former is prone to extract fractions with finer particle ...     

多组分混合物X射线衍射直接定量相分析方法

研究了物质粉末衍射强度与样品堆积密度的关系,将粉末样品紧密度导入衍射强度公式。在此基础上推导出直接法测定多组分混合物质量吸收系数及各相浓度的数学公式,并通过实验证明了方法的实用性。还研究了缺乏纯样品以及样品中存在非晶质相、结晶度变化大的柑、择优取向严重的相等特殊情况的实验方法。 该方法不需要向待测样品中加入任何参考物质,不称样,不混样,不损耗纯样品,制样简便,特别适合大批量样品的定量相分析。